Porownanie Peru (2008) - Peru (2007)
Porownanie Peru (2008) z Peru (2007)
Pokaz tylko zmiany
Pokaz tylko zmiany
| Peru (2008) | Peru (2007) | |
 | | |
| Podzial administracyjny | 25 regions (regiones, singular - region) and 1 province* (provincia); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Lima*, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali | 25 regions (regiones, singular - region) and 1 province* (provincia); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Lima*, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 30.3% (male 4,427,080/female 4,271,390)
15-64 years: 64.2% (male 9,267,642/female 9,150,816) 65 years and over: 5.4% (male 734,533/female 823,296) (2007 est.) |
0-14 years: 30.3% (male 4,427,080/female 4,271,390)
15-64 years: 64.2% (male 9,267,642/female 9,150,816) 65 years and over: 5.4% (male 734,533/female 823,296) (2007 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | asparagus, coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, coca; poultry, beef, dairy products; fish, guinea pigs | asparagus, coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, coca; poultry, beef, dairy products; fish, guinea pigs |
| Lotniska | 237 (2007) | 237 (2007) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 54
over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 20 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 3 (2007) |
total: 54
over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 20 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 3 (2007) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 183
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 24 914 to 1,523 m: 40 under 914 m: 117 (2007) |
total: 183
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 24 914 to 1,523 m: 40 under 914 m: 117 (2007) |
| Terytorium | total: 1,285,220 sq km
land: 1.28 million sq km water: 5,220 sq km |
total: 1,285,220 sq km
land: 1.28 million sq km water: 5,220 sq km |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly smaller than Alaska | slightly smaller than Alaska |
| Tlo historyczne | Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by the Spanish conquistadors w 1533. Peruvian independence was declared w 1821, and remaining Spanish forces defeated w 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership w 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election w 1990 ushered w a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround w the economy and significant progress w curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump w the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction z his regime, which led to his ouster w 2000. A caretaker government oversaw new elections w the spring of 2001, which ushered w Alejandro TOLEDO as the new head of government - Peru's first democratically elected president of Native American ethnicity. The presidential election of 2006 saw the return of Alan GARCIA who, after a disappointing presidential term from 1985 to 1990, returned to the presidency z promises to improve social conditions and maintain fiscal responsibility. | Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by the Spanish conquistadors w 1533. Peruvian independence was declared w 1821, and remaining Spanish forces defeated w 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership w 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election w 1990 ushered w a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround w the economy and significant progress w curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump w the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction z his regime, which led to his ouster w 2000. A caretaker government oversaw new elections w the spring of 2001, which ushered w Alejandro TOLEDO as the new head of government - Peru's first democratically elected president of Native American ethnicity. The presidential election of 2006 saw the return of Alan GARCIA who, after a disappointing presidential term from 1985 to 1990, returned to the presidency z promises to improve social conditions and maintain fiscal responsibility. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 20.09 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) | 20.09 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $30.35 billion
expenditures: $29.8 billion (2007 est.) |
revenues: $27.03 billion
expenditures: $25.12 billion (2006 est.) |
| Stolica | name: Lima
geographic coordinates: 12 03 S, 77 03 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
name: Lima
geographic coordinates: 12 03 S, 77 03 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Klimat | varies from tropical w east to dry desert w west; temperate to frigid w Andes | varies from tropical w east to dry desert w west; temperate to frigid w Andes |
| Linia brzegowa | 2,414 km | 2,414 km |
| Konstytucja | 29 grudzien 1993 | 29 grudzien 1993 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Republic of Peru
conventional short form: Peru local long form: Republica del Peru local short form: Peru |
conventional long form: Republic of Peru
conventional short form: Peru local long form: Republica del Peru local short form: Peru |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 6.21 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) | 6.21 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $27.81 billion (31 grudzien 2007 est.) | $28.32 billion (2006 est.) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador J. Curtis STRUBLE
embassy: Avenida La Encalada, Cuadra 17s/n, Surco, Lima 33 mailing address: P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO AA 34031-5000 telephone: [51] (1) 434-3000 FAX: [51] (1) 618-2397 |
chief of mission: Ambassador J. Curtis STRUBLE
embassy: Avenida La Encalada, Cuadra 17s/n, Surco, Lima 33 mailing address: P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO AA 34031-5000 telephone: [51] (1) 434-3000 FAX: [51] (1) 618-2397 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Felipe ORTIZ de Zevallos
chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869 FAX: [1] (202) 659-8124 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Denver, Hartford, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (New Jersey), San Francisco, Washington, DC |
chief of mission: Ambassador Felipe ORTIZ de Zevallos
chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869 FAX: [1] (202) 659-8124 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Denver, Hartford, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (New Jersey), San Francisco, Washington, DC |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | Chile and Ekwador rejected Peru's listopad 2005 unilateral legislation to shift the axis of their joint treaty-defined maritime boundaries along the parallels of latitude to equidistance lines which favor Peru; organized illegal narcotics operations w Kolumbia have penetrated Peru's shared border; Peru rejects Boliwia's claim to restore maritime access through a sovereign corridor through Chile along the Peruvian border | Chile and Ekwador rejected Peru's listopad 2005 unilateral legislation to shift the axis of their joint treaty-defined maritime boundaries along the parallels of latitude to equidistance lines which favor Peru; organized illegal narcotics operations w Kolumbia have penetrated Peru's shared border; Peru rejects Boliwia's claim to restore maritime access through a sovereign corridor through Chile along the Peruvian border |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | $397.8 million (2005) | $397.8 million (2005) |
| Ekonomia | Peru's economy reflects its varied geography - an arid coastal region, the Andes further inland, and tropical lands bordering Kolumbia and Brazylia. Abundant mineral resources are found w the mountainous areas, and Peru's coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. However, overdependence on minerals and metals subjects the economy to fluctuations w world prices, and a lack of infrastructure deters trade and investment. After several years of inconsistent economic performance, the Peruvian economy grew by more than 4% per year during the period 2002-06, z a stable exchange rate and low inflation. Growth jumped to 7.5% w 2007, driven by higher world prices dla minerals and metals. Risk premiums on Peruvian bonds on secondary markets reached historically low levels w late 2004, reflecting investor optimism regarding the government's prudent fiscal policies and openness to trade and investment. Despite the strong macroeconomic performance, underemployment and poverty have stayed persistently high. Growth prospects depend on exports of minerals, textiles, and agricultural products, and by expectations dla the Camisea natural gas megaproject and dla other promising energy projects. Upon taking office, President GARCIA announced Sierra Exportadora, a program aimed at promoting economic growth w Peru's southern and central highlands. | Peru's economy reflects its varied geography - an arid coastal region, the Andes further inland, and tropical lands bordering Kolumbia and Brazylia. Abundant mineral resources are found w the mountainous areas, and Peru's coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. However, overdependence on minerals and metals subjects the economy to fluctuations w world prices, and a lack of infrastructure deters trade and investment. After several years of inconsistent economic performance, the Peruvian economy grew by more than 4% per year during the period 2002-06, z a stable exchange rate and low inflation. Risk premiums on Peruvian bonds on secondary markets reached historically low levels w late 2004, reflecting investor optimism regarding the government's prudent fiscal policies and openness to trade and investment. Despite the strong macroeconomic performance, underemployment and poverty have stayed persistently high. Economic growth continues to be driven by exports of minerals, textiles, and agricultural products, and by expectations dla the Camisea natural gas megaproject and dla other promising energy projects. Upon taking office, President GARCIA announced Sierra Exportadora, a program aimed at promoting economic growth w Peru's southern and central highlands. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 22.59 billion kWh (2005) | 22.59 billion kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 0 kWh (2005) | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 0 kWh (2005) | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 24.97 billion kWh (2005 est.) | 24.97 billion kWh (2005 est.) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Ocean Spokojny 0 m
highest point: Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m |
lowest point: Ocean Spokojny 0 m
highest point: Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution w Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes | deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution w Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Grupy etniczne | Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japoniaese, Chinese, and other 3% | Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japoniaese, Chinese, and other 3% |
| Kurs waluty | nuevo sol per US dollar - 3.1731 (2007), 3.2742 (2006), 3.2958 (2005), 3.4132 (2004), 3.4785 (2003) | nuevo sol per US dollar - 3.2742 (2006), 3.2958 (2005), 3.4132 (2004), 3.4785 (2003), 3.5165 (2002) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: President Alan GARCIA Perez (since 28 lipiec 2006); First Vice President Luis GIAMPIETRI Rojas; Second Vice President Lourdes MENDOZA del Solar (since 28 lipiec 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Alan GARCIA Perez (since 28 lipiec 2006); First Vice President Luis GIAMPIETRI Rojas; Second Vice President Lourdes MENDOZA del Solar (since 28 lipiec 2006) note: Prime Minister Jorge DEL CASTILLO Galvez (since 28 sierpien 2006) does not exercise executive power; this power is w the hands of the president cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote dla a five-year term (eligible dla a nonconsecutive reelection); presidential and congressional elections held 9 kwiecien 2006 z runoff election held 4 czerwiec 2006; next to be held w kwiecien 2011 election results: Alan GARCIA elected president w runoff election; percent of vote - Alan GARCIA 52.5%, Ollanta HUMALA Tasso 47.5% |
chief of state: President Alan GARCIA Perez (since 28 lipiec 2006); First Vice President Luis GIAMPIETRI Rojas; Second Vice President Lourdes MENDOZA del Solar (since 28 lipiec 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Alan GARCIA Perez (since 28 lipiec 2006); First Vice President Luis GIAMPIETRI Rojas; Second Vice President Lourdes MENDOZA del Solar (since 28 lipiec 2006) note: Prime Minister Jorge DEL CASTILLO Galvez (since 28 sierpien 2006) does not exercise executive power; this power is w the hands of the president cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote dla a five-year term (eligible dla a second term); presidential and congressional elections held 9 kwiecien 2006 z runoff election held 4 czerwiec 2006; next to be held w kwiecien 2011 election results: Alan GARCIA elected president w runoff election; percent of vote - Alan GARCIA 52.5%, Ollanta HUMALA Tasso 47.5% |
| Eksport | 53,040 bbl/day (2004 est.) | 53,040 bbl/day (2004 est.) |
| Eksport - towary | copper, gold, zinc, crude petroleum and petroleum products, coffee, potatoes, asparagus, textiles, guinea pigs | copper, gold, zinc, crude petroleum and petroleum products, coffee, potatoes, asparagus, textiles, guinea pigs |
| Eksport - partnerzy | US 24.1%, Chiny 9.6%, Szwajcaria 7.1%, Kanada 6.8%, Chile 6%, Japonia 5.2% (2006) | US 24.1%, Chiny 9.6%, Szwajcaria 7.1%, Kanada 6.8%, Chile 6%, Japonia 5.2% (2006) |
| Rok podatkowy | rok kalendarzowy | rok kalendarzowy |
| Opis flagi | three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red z the coat of arms centered w the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a vicuna, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath | three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red z the coat of arms centered w the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a vicuna, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 8.4%
industry: 25.6% services: 66% (2007 est.) |
agriculture: 8.7%
industry: 26.2% services: 65.1% (2006 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 7.5% (2007 est.) | 8% (2006 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 10 00 S, 76 00 W | 10 00 S, 76 00 W |
| Polozenie geograficzne | shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, z Boliwia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River | shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, z Boliwia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River |
| Ladowiska helikopterow | 1 (2007) | 1 (2007) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: 1.3%
highest 10%: 40.9% (2003) |
lowest 10%: 1.3%
highest 10%: 40.9% (2003) |
| Narkotyki | until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Kolumbia; cultivation of coca w Peru rose 25% to 34,000 hectares w 2005; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Kolumbia dla processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazylia and Boliwia dla use w the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa | until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Kolumbia; cultivation of coca w Peru rose 25% to 34,000 hectares w 2005; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Kolumbia dla processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazylia and Boliwia dla use w the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa |
| Import | 121,500 bbl/day (2004) | NA bbl/day |
| Import - towary | petroleum and petroleum products, plastics, machinery, vehicles, iron and steel, wheat, paper | petroleum and petroleum products, plastics, machinery, vehicles, iron and steel, wheat, paper |
| Import - partnerzy | US 16.5%, Chiny 10.3%, Brazylia 10.3%, Ekwador 7.2%, Kolumbia 6.1%, Chile 5.8%, Argentyna 4.8%, Meksyk 4% (2006) | US 16.5%, Chiny 10.3%, Brazylia 10.3%, Ekwador 7.2%, Kolumbia 6.1%, Chile 5.8%, Argentyna 4.8%, Meksyk 4% (2006) |
| Niepodleglosc | 28 lipiec 1821 (from Hiszpania) | 28 lipiec 1821 (from Hiszpania) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | 5% (2007 est.) | 7% (2006 est.) |
| Przemysl | mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas; fishing and fish processing, textiles, clothing, food processing | mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas; fishing and fish processing, textiles, clothing, food processing |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 29.96 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 32.47 deaths/1,000 live births female: 27.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
total: 29.96 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 32.47 deaths/1,000 live births female: 27.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
| Inflacja | 3.5% (2007 est.) | 2% (2006 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | APEC, CAN, CSN, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO | APEC, CAN, CSN, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
| Nawadniane tereny | 12,000 sq km (2003) | 12,000 sq km (2003) |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary) | Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary) |
| Sila robocza | 9.419 million (2007 est.) | 9.21 million (2006 est.) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture: 9%
industry: 18% services: 73% (2001) |
agriculture: 9%
industry: 18% services: 73% (2001) |
| Granica | total: 7,461 km
border countries: Boliwia 1,075 km, Brazylia 2,995 km, Chile 171 km, Kolumbia 1,800 km, Ekwador 1,420 km |
total: 7,461 km
border countries: Boliwia 1,075 km, Brazylia 2,995 km, Chile 171 km, Kolumbia 1,800 km, Ekwador 1,420 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 2.88%
permanent crops: 0.47% other: 96.65% (2005) |
arable land: 2.88%
permanent crops: 0.47% other: 96.65% (2005) |
| Jezyki | Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages | Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages |
| System prawny | based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction z reservations | based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction z reservations |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la Republica del Peru (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 kwiecien 2006 (next to be held w kwiecien 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - UPP 21.2%, PAP 20.6%, UN 15.3%, AF 13.1%, FC 7.1%, PP 4.1%, RN 4.0%, other 14.6%; seats by party - UPP 45, PAP 36, UN 17, AF 13, FC 5, PP 2, RN 2 |
unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la Republica del Peru (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 kwiecien 2006 (next to be held w kwiecien 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - UPP 21.2%, PAP 20.6%, UN 15.3%, AF 13.1%, FC 7.1%, PP 4.1%, RN 4.0%, other 14.6%; seats by party - UPP 45, PAP 36, UN 17, AF 13, FC 5, PP 2, RN 2 |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 70.14 years
male: 68.33 years female: 72.04 years (2007 est.) |
total population: 70.14 years
male: 68.33 years female: 72.04 years (2007 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 87.7% male: 93.5% female: 82.1% (2004 est.) |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 87.7% male: 93.5% female: 82.1% (2004 est.) |
| Lokalizacja | Western South America, bordering the South Ocean Spokojny, between Chile and Ekwador | Western South America, bordering the South Ocean Spokojny, between Chile and Ekwador |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | South America | South America |
| Morskie obszary | territorial sea: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm |
territorial sea: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm |
| Flota handlowa | total: 6 ships (1000 GRT or over) 76,220 GRT/119,615 DWT
by type: cargo 3, petroleum tanker 3 foreign-owned: 1 (US 1) registered w other countries: 16 (Belize 1, Panama 15) (2007) |
total: 6 ships (1000 GRT or over) 76,220 GRT/119,615 DWT
by type: cargo 3, petroleum tanker 3 foreign-owned: 1 (US 1) registered w other countries: 16 (Belize 1, Panama 15) (2007) |
| Wojsko | Peruvian Army (Ejercito Peruano), Peruvian Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru, MGP (includes naval air, naval infantry, and coast guard)), Peruvian Air Force (Fuerza Aerea del Peru, FAP) (2007) | Peruvian Army (Ejercito Peruano), Peruvian Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru, MGP (includes naval air, naval infantry, and coast guard)), Peruvian Air Force (Fuerza Aerea del Peru, FAP) (2007) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 1.5% (2006) | 1.5% (2006) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, 28 lipiec (1821) | Niepodleglosc Day, 28 lipiec (1821) |
| Narodowosc | noun: Peruvian(s)
adjective: Peruvian |
noun: Peruvian(s)
adjective: Peruvian |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity | earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity |
| Surowce naturalne | copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas | copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | -0.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) | -0.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Rurociagi | gas 1,181 km; gas/liquid petroleum gas 61 km; liquid natural gas 106 km; liquid petroleum gas 517 km; oil 1,749 km; refined products 13 km (2007) | gas 983 km; gas/liquid petroleum gas 61 km; liquid natural gas 106 km; liquid petroleum gas 517 km; oil 1,754 km; refined products 13 km (2006) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | Alliance For Progress (Alianza Para El Progreso) [Cesar ACUNA Peralta]; Alliance For The Future (Alianza Por El Futuro) or AF (a coalition of pro-FUJIMORI parties including Cambio 90, Nueva majoria, and Si Cumple); Centrist Front (Frente Del Centro) or FC (a coalition of Accion Popular, Somos Peru, and Coordinadora Nacional de Independientes); Independent Moralizing Front (Frente Independiente Moralizador) or FIM; National Renovation Party (Partido Renovacion Nacional) [Rafael REY]; National Restoration (Restauracion Nacional) or RN [Humberto LAY Sun]; National Unity (Unidad Nacional) or UN (a coalition of Partido Popular Cristiano and Partido Solidaridad Nacional) [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Peru Possible (Peru Posible) or PP [Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique]; Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido Aprista Peruano) or PAP [Alan GARCIA] (also referred to by its original name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA); Peruvian Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista Peruano) or PNP [Ollanta HUMALA Tasso]; Union dla Peru (Union por el Peru) or UPP [Aldo ESTRADA Choque] | Alliance For Progress (Alianza Para El Progreso) [Cesar ACUNA Peralta]; Alliance For The Future (Alianza Por El Futuro) or AF [Martha CHAVEZ Cossio] (a coalition of pro-FUJIMORI parties including Cambio 90, Nueva majoria, and Si Cumple); Centrist Front (Frente Del Centro) or FC [Drago KISIC] (a coalition of Accion Popular, Somos Peru, and Coordinadora Nacional de Independientes); Independent Moralizing Front (Frente Independiente Moralizador) or FIM [Fernando OLIVERA Vega]; Nationalist Party Uniting Peru (Partido Nacionalista Uniendo al Peru) or UPP [Ollanta HUMALA Tasso] (a coalition of Union dla Peru (UPP) and Peruvian Nationalist Party (PNP)); National Restoration (Restauracion Nacional) or RN [Humberto LAY Sun]; National Unity (Unidad Nacional) or UN [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Peru Possible (Peru Posible) or PP [David WAISMAN]; Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido Aprista Peruano) or PAP [Alan GARCIA] (also referred to by its original name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA) |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Gabriel MACARIO (top leader at-large)]; Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or MRTA [Victor POLAY (imprisoned), Hugo AVALLENEDA Valdez (top leader at-large)] | leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Gabriel MACARIO (top leader at-large)]; Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or MRTA [Victor POLAY (imprisoned), Hugo AVALLENEDA Valdez (top leader at-large)] |
| Ludnosc | 28,674,757 (lipiec 2007 est.) | 28,674,757 (lipiec 2007 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | 44.5% (2006) | 53.1% (2004) |
| Przyrost naturalny | 1.289% (2007 est.) | 1.289% (2007 est.) |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999) | AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999) |
| Linie kolejowe | total: 1,989 km
standard gauge: 1,726 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 263 km 0.914-m gauge (2006) |
total: 1,989 km
standard gauge: 1,726 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 263 km 0.914-m gauge (2006) |
| Religie | Roman Catholic 81%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.4%, other Christian 0.7%, other 0.6%, unspecified or none 16.3% (2003 est.) | Roman Catholic 81%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.4%, other Christian 0.7%, other 0.6%, unspecified or none 16.3% (2003 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.036 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.013 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.892 male(s)/female total population: 1.013 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.036 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.013 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.892 male(s)/female total population: 1.013 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 70; note - dla the first time w recent elections, members of the military and national police were eligible to vote w the 2006 elections | 18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 70; note - dla the first time w recent elections, members of the military and national police were eligible to vote w the 2006 elections |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: adequate dla most requirements
domestic: fixed-line teledensity is only about 8 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity, spurred by competition among multiple providers, has increased to about 30 telephones per 100 persons; nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system z 12 earth stations international: country code - 51; the South America-1 (SAM-1) and Pan American (PAN-AM) submarine cable systems provide links to parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Ocean Atlantycki) |
general assessment: adequate dla most requirements
domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system z 12 earth stations international: country code - 51; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Ocean Atlantycki); Pan American submarine cable |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 2.332 million (2006) | 2.332 million (2006) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 8.5 million (2006) | 8.5 million (2006) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997) | 13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes w center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva) | western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes w center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva) |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 2.46 children born/woman (2007 est.) | 2.46 children born/woman (2007 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 7.4% w metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment (2007 est.) | 7.2% w metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment (2006 est.) |
| Drogi wodne | 8,808 km
note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca (2007) |
8,808 km
note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca (2007) |
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