Compare Niue (2006) - Tonga (2007)

Compare Niue (2006) z Tonga (2007)

	Niue (2006)	Tonga (2007)

Administrative divisions	none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order	3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u
Age structure	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2006 est.)	0-14 years: 34.6% (male 20,624/female 19,779) 15-64 years: 61.2% (male 35,551/female 36,052) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,087/female 2,828) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle	squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish
Airports	1 (2006)	6 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2006)	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Area	total: 260 sq km land: 260 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 748 sq km land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km
Area - comparative	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC	four times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,166 in 2006), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest.	Tonga - unique among Pacific nations - never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
Birth rate	NA births/1,000 population	23.67 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $15.07 million expenditures: $16.33 million; including capital expenditures of $123,700	revenues: $56.97 million expenditures: $83.88 million (FY04/05)
Capital	name: Alofi geographic coordinates: 19 01 S, 169 55 W time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	name: Nuku'alofa geographic coordinates: 21 08 S, 175 12 W time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	tropical; modified by southeast trade winds	tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Coastline	64 km	419 km
Constitution	19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)	4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Niue former: Savage Island	conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga conventional short form: Tonga local long form: Pule'anga Tonga local short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population	5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$418,000 (2002 est.)	$80.7 million (2004)
Dependency status	self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)	the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)	chief of mission: Ambassador Fekitamoeloa 'UTOIKAMANU chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025 FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)	$31.75 million (2005)
Economy - overview	The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of emigration to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although the International Banking Repeal Act of 2002 resulted in the termination of all offshore banking licenses. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about US$2 million. Niue suffered a devastating typhoon in January 2004, which decimated nascent economic programs. While in the process of rebuilding, Niue has been dependent on foreign aid.	Tonga has a small, open, South Pacific island economy. It has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young, a continuing upturn in inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government.
Electricity - consumption	2.79 million kWh (2003)	32.55 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2003)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2003)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	3 million kWh (2003)	35 million kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
Environment - current issues	increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture	deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Niuen 78.2%, Pacific islander 10.2%, European 4.5%, mixed 3.9%, Asian 0.2%, unspecified 3% (2001 census)	Polynesian, Europeans
Exchange rates	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.4203 (2005), 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001)	pa'anga per US dollar - 2.0277 (2006), 1.96 (2005), 1.9716 (2004), 2.142 (2003), 2.1952 (2002)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General of New Zealand Anand SATYANAND (since 23 August 2006); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000) head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002) cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 12 May 2005 (next to be held May 2008) election results: Young VIVIAN reelected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 85%, O'Love JACOBSEN (independent) 15%	chief of state: King George TUPOU V (since 11 September 2006) head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Feleti SEVELE (since 11 February 2006); Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Viliami TANGI (since 16 May 2006) cabinet: Cabinet consists of 14 members, 10 appointed by the monarch for life; four appointed from among the elected members of the Legislative Assembly, including two each from the nobles' and peoples' representatives serving three-year terms note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch
Exports	NA bbl/day	NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities	canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts	squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops
Exports - partners	New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2004)	US 39.7%, Japan 27.8%, NZ 8.2%, South Korea 7.6% (2006)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross	red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 23.5% industry: 26.9% services: 49.5% (2003)	agriculture: 23% industry: 27% services: 50% (FY03/04 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	6.2%	2.4% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates	19 02 S, 169 52 W	20 00 S, 175 00 W
Geography - note	one of world's largest coral islands	archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA bbl/day	NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities	food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs	foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners	New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2004)	Fiji 30.3%, NZ 27.7%, US 8.2%, Australia 7.5%, France 5.7%, UK 4.7% (2006)
Independence	on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand	4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	1% (2003 est.)
Industries	tourism, handicrafts, food processing	tourism, fishing
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	total: 11.99 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4% (2005)	11.1% (2005 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, FAO, IFAD, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO	ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Irrigated land	NA	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen and approved by Privy Council)
Labor force	NA 663	33,910 (2003)
Labor force - by occupation	note: most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board	agriculture: 65% industry and services: 35% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 11.54% permanent crops: 15.38% other: 73.08% (2005)	arable land: 20% permanent crops: 14.67% other: 65.33% (2005)
Languages	Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English	Tongan, English
Legal system	English common law; note - Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws	based on English common law
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; 6 elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives) elections: last held 30 April 2005 (next to be held April 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA	unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (32 seats - 14 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held on 21 March 2005 (next to be held in 2008) election results: Peoples Representatives: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%, other 30%; seats - HRDMT 7, independents 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	total population: 70.12 years male: 67.6 years female: 72.76 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 95% male: NA female: NA	definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English total population: 98.9% male: 98.8% female: 99% (1999 est.)
Location	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga	Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references	Oceania	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Merchant marine	-	total: 14 ships (1000 GRT or over) 58,756 GRT/67,889 DWT by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 9, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1 foreign-owned: 3 (Australia 1, Switzerland 1, UK 1) (2007)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of New Zealand	-
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force	Tonga Defense Services: Land Force (Royal Guard), Naval Force (includes Royal Marines, Air Wing) (2006)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	0.9% (2006 est.)
National holiday	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)	Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970)
Nationality	noun: Niuean(s) adjective: Niuean	noun: Tongan(s) adjective: Tongan
Natural hazards	typhoons	cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Natural resources	fish, arable land	fish, fertile soil
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Alliance of Independents or AI; Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]	People's Democratic Party [Tesina FUKO]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman]; Public Servant's Association [Finau TUTONE]
Population	2,166 (July 2006 est.)	116,921 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	24% (FY03/04)
Population growth rate	0.01% (2006 est.)	1.847% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)
Religions	Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 61.1%, Latter-Day Saints 8.8%, Roman Catholic 7.2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, other 8.4%, unspecified 8.7%, none 1.9% (2001 census)	Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Sex ratio	NA	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.043 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.986 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.738 male(s)/female total population: 0.993 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	21 years of age; universal
Telephone system	domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island international: country code - 683	general assessment: competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline Communications Tonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCT recently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service for telephone, Internet, and television domestic: fully automatic switched network international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2004)
Telephones - main lines in use	1,100 est (2002)	13,700 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular	400 (2002)	29,900 (2005)
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	3 (2004)
Terrain	steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau	most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Total fertility rate	NA	2.75 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	12% NA%	13% (FY03/04 est.)

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