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Compare Niue (2004) - Vietnam (2001)

Compare Niue (2004) z Vietnam (2001)

 Niue (2004)Vietnam (2001)
 NiueVietnam
Administrative divisions none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order 58 provinces (tinh, singular and plural), 3 municipalities* (thu do, singular and plural); An Giang, Bac Giang, Bac Kan, Bac Lieu, Bac Ninh, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Ben Tre, Binh Dinh, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Binh Thuan, Ca Mau, Can Tho, Cao Bang, Dac Lak, Da Nang, Dong Nai, Dong Thap, Gia Lai, Ha Giang, Hai Duong, Hai Phong*, Ha Nam, Ha Noi*, Ha Tay, Ha Tinh, Hoa Binh, Ho Chi Minh*, Hung Yen, Khanh Hoa, Kien Giang, Kon Tum, Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Lang Son, Lao Cai, Long An, Nam Dinh, Nghe An, Ninh Binh, Ninh Thuan, Phu Tho, Phu Yen, Quang Binh, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri, Soc Trang, Son La, Tay Ninh, Thai Binh, Thai Nguyen, Thanh Hoa, Thua Thien-Hue, Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, Tuyen Quang, Vinh Long, Vinh Phuc, Yen Bai
Age structure 0-14 years: NA


15-64 years: NA


65 years and over: NA (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
32.13% (male 13,266,585; female 12,415,384)

15-64 years:
62.44% (male 24,357,343; female 25,556,187)

65 years and over:
5.43% (male 1,722,094; female 2,621,421) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle paddy rice, corn, potatoes, rubber, soybeans, coffee, tea, bananas, sugar; poultry, pigs; fish
Airports 1 (2003 est.) 34 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
17

over 3,047 m:
8

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
17

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
7

under 914 m:
8 (2000 est.)
Area total: 260 sq km


land: 260 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
329,560 sq km

land:
325,360 sq km

water:
4,200 sq km
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than New Mexico
Background Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2004), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest. France occupied all of Vietnam by 1884. Independence was declared after World War II, but the French continued to rule until 1954 when they were defeated by communist forces under Ho Chi MINH, who took control of the north. US economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. Two years later North Vietnamese forces overran the south. Economic reconstruction of the reunited country has proven difficult as aging Communist Party leaders have only grudgingly initiated reforms necessary for a free market.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 21.23 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: NA


expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA
revenues:
$5.3 billion

expenditures:
$5.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.8 billion (1999 est.)
Capital Alofi Hanoi
Climate tropical; modified by southeast trade winds tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (mid-May to mid-September) and warm, dry season (mid-October to mid-March)
Coastline 64 km 3,444 km (excludes islands)
Constitution 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act) 15 April 1992
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Niue


former: Savage Island
conventional long form:
Socialist Republic of Vietnam

conventional short form:
Vietnam

local long form:
Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam

local short form:
Viet Nam

abbreviation:
SRV
Currency New Zealand dollar (NZD) dong (VND)
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 6.22 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $418,000 (2002 est.) $13.2 billion (2000)
Dependency status self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) chief of mission:
Ambassador Douglas B. "Pete" PETERSON

embassy:
7 Lang Ha Road, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi

mailing address:
PSC 461, Box 400, FPO AP 96521-0002

telephone:
[84] (4) 8431500

FAX:
[84] (4) 8351510

consulate(s) general:
Ho Chi Minh City
Diplomatic representation in the US none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) chief of mission:
Ambassador-designate Nguyen Tam CHIEN

chancery:
1233 20th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036, Suite 400

telephone:
[1] (202) 861-0737

FAX:
[1] (202) 861-0917

consulate(s) general:
San Francisco
Disputes - international none maritime boundary with Cambodia not defined; involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and possibly Brunei; maritime boundary agreement with China in the Gulf of Tonkin awaits ratification; Paracel Islands occupied by China but claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; portions of boundary with Cambodia are in dispute; agreement on land border with China was signed in December 1999, but details of alignment have not yet been made public
Economic aid - recipient $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002) $2.1 billion in credits and grants pledged by international donors for 2000
Economy - overview The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million. Vietnam is a poor, densely populated country that has had to recover from the ravages of war, the loss of financial support from the old Soviet Bloc, and the rigidities of a centrally planned economy. Substantial progress was achieved from 1986 to 1996 in moving forward from an extremely low starting point - growth averaged around 9% per year from 1993 to 1997. The 1997 Asian financial crisis highlighted the problems existing in the Vietnamese economy but, rather than prompting reform, reaffirmed the government's belief that shifting to a market oriented economy leads to disaster. GDP growth of 8.5% in 1997 fell to 6% in 1998 and 5% in 1999. Growth continued at the moderately strong level of 5.5%, a level that should be matched in 2001. These numbers mask some major difficulties in economic performance. Many domestic industries, including coal, cement, steel, and paper, have reported large stockpiles of inventory and tough competition from more efficient foreign producers; this problem apparently eased in 2000. Foreign direct investment fell dramatically, from $8.3 billion in 1996 to about $1.6 billion in 1999. Meanwhile, Vietnamese authorities have moved slowly in implementing the structural reforms needed to revitalize the economy and produce more competitive, export-driven industries.
Electricity - consumption 2.79 million kWh (2001) 21.376 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 3 million kWh (2001) 22.985 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
47.71%

hydro:
52.29%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m
lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m

highest point:
Ngoc Linh 3,143 m
Environment - current issues increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture logging and slash-and-burn agricultural practices contribute to deforestation and soil degradation; water pollution and overfishing threaten marine life populations; groundwater contamination limits potable water supply; growing urban industrialization and population migration are rapidly degrading environment in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans) Vietnamese 85%-90%, Chinese, Hmong, Thai, Khmer, Cham, mountain groups
Exchange rates New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.1620 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999) dong per US dollar - 14,530 (January 2001), 14,020 (January 2000), 13,900 (December 1998), 11,100 (December 1996), 11,193 (1995 average), 11,000 (October 1994)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)


head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002)


cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers


elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005)


election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30%
chief of state:
President Tran Duc LUONG (since 24 September 1997) and Vice President Nguyen Thi BINH (since NA October 1992)

head of government:
Prime Minister Phan Van KHAI (since 25 September 1997); First Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Tan DUNG (since 29 September 1997); Deputy Prime Ministers Nguyen Cong TAN (since 29 September 1997), Nguyen Manh CAM (since 29 September 1997), and Pham Gia KHIEM (since 29 September 1997)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister and ratification of the National Assembly

elections:
president elected by the National Assembly from among its members for a five-year term; election last held 25 September 1997 (next to be held when National Assembly meets following legislative elections in NA 2002); prime minister appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers appointed by the prime minister

election results:
Tran Duc LUONG elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - NA%
Exports NA (2001) $14.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts crude oil, marine products, rice, coffee, rubber, tea, garments, shoes
Exports - partners New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000) China, Japan, Germany, Australia, US, France, Singapore, UK, Taiwan
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year
Flag description yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross red with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center
GDP purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $154.4 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: 55%
agriculture:
25%

industry:
35%

services:
40% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,950 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate -0.3% (2000 est.) 5.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 19 02 S, 169 52 W 16 00 N, 106 00 E
Geography - note one of world's largest coral islands -
Highways total: 234 km


paved: 86 km


unpaved: 148 km (2001)
total:
93,300 km

paved:
23,418 km

unpaved:
69,882 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
3.5%

highest 10%:
29% (1993)
Illicit drugs - minor producer of opium poppy with 2,100 hectares cultivated in 1999, capable of producing 11 metric tons of opium; probable minor transit point for Southeast Asian heroin; opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems
Imports NA (2001) $15.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer, steel products, raw cotton, grain, cement, motorcycles
Imports - partners New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000) Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, China, Thailand, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Indonesia, France, US, Sweden
Independence on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand 2 September 1945 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate NA 10.7% (2000 est.)
Industries tourism, handicrafts, food processing food processing, garments, shoes, machine building, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, coal, steel, paper
Infant mortality rate total: NA


male: NA


female: NA (2004 est.)
30.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (1995) -0.6% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, FAO, PIF, Sparteca, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ACCT, APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 5 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 18,600 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue Supreme People's Court (chief justice is elected for a five-year term by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president)
Labor force NA (1998 est.) 38.2 million (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board agriculture 67%, industry and services 33% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
4,639 km

border countries:
Cambodia 1,228 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 2,130 km
Land use arable land: 15.38%


permanent crops: 11.54%


other: 73.08% (2001)
arable land:
17%

permanent crops:
4%

permanent pastures:
1%

forests and woodland:
30%

other:
48% (1993 est.)
Languages Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
Legal system English common law


note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws
based on communist legal theory and French civil law system
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)


elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected
unicameral National Assembly or Quoc-Hoi (450 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 20 July 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - CPV 92%, other 8% (the 8% are not CPV members but are approved by the CPV to stand for election); seats by party - CPV or CPV-approved 450
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years (2004 est.)
total population:
69.56 years

male:
67.12 years

female:
72.19 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 95%


male: NA


female: NA
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
93.7%

male:
96.5%

female:
91.2% (1995 est.)
Location Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, alongside China, Laos, and Cambodia
Map references Oceania Southeast Asia
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine none total:
143 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 705,388 GRT/1,071,902 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 8, cargo 108, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, container 2, liquefied gas 2, petroleum tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 3 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of New Zealand -
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) (includes Ground Forces, Navy, and Air Force), Coast Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $650 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 2.5% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
21,704,588 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
13,673,438 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 17 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
961,124 (2001 est.)
National holiday Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) Independence Day, 2 September (1945)
Nationality noun: Niuean(s)


adjective: Niuean
noun:
Vietnamese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Vietnamese
Natural hazards typhoons occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding
Natural resources fish, arable land phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, forests, hydropower
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - petroleum products 150 km
Political parties and leaders Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA] only party - Communist Party of Vietnam or CPV [Le Kha PHIEU, general secretary]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA none
Population 2,156 (July 2004 est.) 79,939,014 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA 37% (1998 est.)
Population growth rate 0.01% (2004 est.) 1.45% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Cam Ranh, Da Nang, Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh City, Ha Long, Quy Nhon, Nha Trang, Vinh, Vung Tau
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 65, FM 7, shortwave 29 (1999)
Radios - 8.2 million (1997)
Railways - total:
2,652 km

standard gauge:
166 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge:
2,249 km 1.000-m gauge

dual gauge:
237 km NA-m gauges (three rails) (1998)
Religions Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist) Buddhist, Hoa Hao, Cao Dai, Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic, some Protestant), indigenous beliefs, Muslim
Sex ratio NA (2004 est.) at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.66 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island


international: country code - 683
general assessment:
Vietnam is putting considerable effort into modernization and expansion of its telecommunication system, but its performance continues to lag behind that of its more modern neighbors

domestic:
all provincial exchanges are digitalized and connected to Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay networks; since 1991, main lines in use have been substantially increased and the use of mobile telephones is growing rapidly

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
Telephones - main lines in use 1,100 est (2002) 2.6 million (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular 400 (2002) 730,155 (2000)
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) at least 7 (plus 13 repeaters) (1998)
Terrain steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman (2004 est.) 2.49 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NA (March 1999) 25% (1995 est.)
Waterways - 17,702 km

note:
more than 5,149 km are navigable at all times by vessels up to 1.8 m draft
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