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Compare Nigeria (2001) - Nigeria (2003)

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 Nigeria (2001)Nigeria (2003)
 NigeriaNigeria
Age structure 0-14 years:
43.71% (male 27,842,225; female 27,514,197)

15-64 years:
53.47% (male 34,456,738; female 33,259,194)

65 years and over:
2.82% (male 1,780,862; female 1,782,410) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 43.6% (male 29,322,774; female 28,990,702)


15-64 years: 53.6% (male 36,513,700; female 35,254,333)


65 years and over: 2.8% (male 1,890,043; female 1,910,151) (2003 est.)
Airports 70 (2000 est.) 70 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total:
36

over 3,047 m:
7

2,438 to 3,047 m:
10

1,524 to 2,437 m:
10

914 to 1,523 m:
7

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 36


over 3,047 m: 7


2,438 to 3,047 m: 10


1,524 to 2,437 m: 10


914 to 1,523 m: 6


under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
34

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
14

under 914 m:
18 (2000 est.)
total: 34


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 13


under 914 m: 18 (2002)
Area total:
923,768 sq km

land:
910,768 sq km

water:
13,000 sq km
total: 923,768 sq km


land: 910,768 sq km


water: 13,000 sq km
Background Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999 and a peaceful transition to civilian government completed. The new president faces the daunting task of rebuilding a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, the OBASANJO administration must defuse longstanding ethnic and religious tensions, if it is to build a sound foundation for economic growth and political stability. Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The president faces the daunting task of rebuilding a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, the OBASANJO administration must defuse longstanding ethnic and religious tensions, if it is to build a sound foundation for economic growth and political stability. Despite some irregularities the April 2003 elections marked the first civilian transfer of power in Nigeria's history.
Birth rate 39.69 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 38.75 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues:
$3.4 billion

expenditures:
$3.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $3.4 billion


expenditures: $3.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Constitution NA 1999 new constitution adopted new constitution adopted May 1999
Country name conventional long form:
Federal Republic of Nigeria

conventional short form:
Nigeria
conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria


conventional short form: Nigeria
Death rate 13.91 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 13.76 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $32 billion (2000 est.) $29.7 billion (2002 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Howard Franklin JETER

embassy:
8 Mambilla Drive, Abuja

mailing address:
P. O. Box 554, Lagos

telephone:
[234] (1) 261-0050, -0078

FAX:
[234] (1) 261-0257
chief of mission: Ambassador Howard Franklin JETER


embassy: 7 Mambilla Drive, Abuja


mailing address: P. O. Box 554, Lagos


telephone: [234] (9) 523-0916/0906/5857/2235/2205


FAX: [234] (9) 523-0353
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Jibril AMINU

chancery:
1333 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 986-8400

FAX:
[1] (202) 775-1385

consulate(s) general:
Atlanta and New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Jibril Muhammad AMINU


chancery: 3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 986-8400


FAX: [1] (202) 775-1385


consulate(s) general: Atlanta and New York
Disputes - international delimitation of international boundaries in the vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, has been completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; dispute with Cameroon over land and maritime boundaries around the Bakasi Peninsula is currently before the ICJ; tripartite maritime boundary and economic zone dispute with Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon is currently before the ICJ ICJ ruled in 2002 on the Cameroon-Nigeria land and maritime boundary by awarding the potentially petroleum-rich Bakassi Peninsula and offshore region to Cameroon; Nigeria rejected the cession of the peninsula but the parties formed a Joint Border Commission to peaceably resolve the dispute and commence with demarcation in other less-contested sections of the boundary; several villages along the Okpara River are in dispute with Benin; Lake Chad Commission continues to urge signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over lake region, which remains the site of armed clashes among local populations and militias; Nigeria agreed to ratify the treaty and relinquish sovereignty of disputed lands to Cameroon by December 2003
Economy - overview The oil-rich Nigerian economy, long hobbled by political instability, corruption, and poor macroeconomic management, is undergoing substantial economic reform under the new civilian administration. Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and about 65% of budgetary revenues. The largely subsistence agricultural sector has failed to keep up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food. Following the signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1 billion loan from the IMF, both contingent on economic reforms. Increases in foreign investment and oil production combined with high world oil prices should push growth over 4% in 2001-02. The oil-rich Nigerian economy, long hobbled by political instability, corruption, and poor macroeconomic management, is undergoing substantial reform under the new civilian administration. Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and about 65% of budgetary revenues. The largely subsistence agricultural sector has failed to keep up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food. Following the signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1 billion credit from the IMF, both contingent on economic reforms. The agreement was allowed to expire by the IMF in November 2001, however, and Nigeria apparently received much less multilateral assistance than expected in 2002. Nonetheless, increases in foreign oil investment and oil production kept growth at 3% in 2002. The government lacks the strength to implement the market-oriented reforms urged by the IMF, such as modernization of the banking system; to curb inflation by blocking excessive wage demands; and to resolve regional disputes over the distribution of earnings from the oil industry. When the uncertainties in the global economy are added in, estimates of Nigeria's prospects for 2003 must have a wide margin of error.
Electricity - consumption 17.372 billion kWh (1999) 14.55 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 19 million kWh (1999) 20 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 18.7 billion kWh (1999) 15.67 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
52.94%

hydro:
47.06%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 61.9%


hydro: 38.1%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Chappal Waddi 2,419 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m
Environment - current issues soil degradation; rapid deforestation; desertification soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Exchange rates nairas per US dollar - 110.005 (January 2001), 101.697 (2000), 92.338 (1999), 21.886 (1998), 21.886 (1997), 21.884 (1996) nairas per US dollar - NA (2002), 111.23 (2001), 101.7 (2000), 92.34 (1999), 21.89 (1998)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Federal Executive Council

elections:
president is elected by popular vote for no more than two four-year terms; election last held 27 February 1999 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results:
Olusegun OBASANJO elected president; percent of vote - Olusegun OBASANJO (PDP) 62.8%, Olu FALAE (APP-AD) 37.2%
chief of state: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Federal Executive Council


elections: president is elected by popular vote for no more than two four-year terms; election last held 19 April 2003 (next to be held NA 2007)


election results: Olusegun OBASANJO elected president; percent of vote - Olusegun OBASANJO (PDP) 61.9%, Muhammadu BUHARI (ANPP) 31.2%, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu OJUKWU (APGA) 3.3%, other 3.6%
Exports $22.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Exports - partners US 36%, India 9%, Spain 8%, Brazil 6%, France 6%, (1999) US 32.3%, Brazil 8.3%, Spain 7.2%, Indonesia 5.9%, France 5.6%, India 4.6% (2002)
GDP purchasing power parity - $117 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $112.5 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
40%

industry:
40%

services:
20% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 45%


industry: 20%


services: 35% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $950 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $900 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3.5% (2000 est.) 3.2% (2002 est.)
Geography - note - the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea
Heliports 1 (2000 est.) 1 (2002)
Highways total:
194,394 km

paved:
60,068 km (including 1,194 km of expressways)

unpaved:
134,326 km

note:
many of the roads reported as paved may be graveled; because of poor maintenance and years of heavy freight traffic - in part the result of the failure of the railroad system - much of the road system is barely usable (1997)
total: 194,394 km


paved: 60,068 km (including 1,194 km of expressways)


unpaved: 134,326 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
1.6%

highest 10%:
40.8% (1996-97)
lowest 10%: 1.6%


highest 10%: 40.8% (1996-97)
Illicit drugs facilitates movement of heroin en route from Southeast and Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America; increasingly a transit route for cocaine from South America intended for European, East Asian, and North American markets a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East Asian, and North American markets; safehaven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity, along with unwillingness of the government to address the deficiencies in its anti-money-laundering regime make money laundering a major problem
Imports $10.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Imports - partners UK 11%, Germany 10%, US 9%, France 8%, China 6% (1999) UK 9.6%, US 9.4%, China 9.3%, France 8.7%, Germany 6.8%, South Korea 6.1%, Netherlands 5.2%, Italy 4.7% (2002)
Industrial production growth rate 1.5% (2000 est.) 0.4% (2002 est.)
Infant mortality rate 73.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 71.35 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 74.44 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 68.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 6.5% (2000 est.) 14.2% (2002 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNTAET, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNMOVIC, UNU, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Irrigated land 9,570 sq km (1993 est.) 2,330 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges appointed by the Provisional Ruling Council); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government on the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee) Supreme Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government on the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)
Land boundaries total:
4,047 km

border countries:
Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km
total: 4,047 km


border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km
Land use arable land:
33%

permanent crops:
3%

permanent pastures:
44%

forests and woodland:
12%

other:
8% (1993 est.)
arable land: 30.96%


permanent crops: 2.79%


other: 66.25% (1998 est.)
Legislative branch bicameral National Assembly consists of Senate (109 seats, three from each state and one from the Federal Capital Territory; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (360 seats, members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
Senate - last held 20-24 February 1999 (next to be held NA 2003); House of Representatives - last held 20-24 February 1999 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results:
Senate - percent of vote by party - PDP 58%, APP 23%, AD 19%; seats by party - PDP 67, APP 23, AD 19; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDP 58%, APP 30%, AD 12%; seats by party - PDP 221, APP 70, AD 69
bicameral National Assembly consists of Senate (107 seats, three from each state and one from the Federal Capital Territory; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (346 seats, members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: Senate - last held 12 April 2003 (next to be held NA 2007); House of Representatives - last held 12 April 2003 (next to be held NA 2007)


election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PDP 53.6%, ANPP 27.9%, AD 9.7%; seats by party - PDP 73, ANPP 28, AD 6; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDP 54.5%, ANPP 27.4%, AD 9.3%, other 8.8%; seats by party - PDP 213, ANPP 95, AD 31, other 7; note - two constituencies are not reported
Life expectancy at birth total population:
51.07 years

male:
51.07 years

female:
51.07 years (2001 est.)
total population: 51.01 years


male: 50.89 years


female: 51.14 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
57.1%

male:
67.3%

female:
47.3% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 68%


male: 75.7%


female: 60.6% (2003 est.)
Maritime claims continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total:
41 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 357,372 GRT/636,254 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 1, cargo 10, chemical tanker 4, petroleum tanker 24, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
total: 44 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 327,689 GRT/607,560 DWT


ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 7, chemical tanker 5, petroleum tanker 29, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Bulgaria 1, Greece 1, Norway 1, Pakistan 1, Togo 1, US 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $360 million (FY00) $417.9 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 10% (FY00) 1% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
29,940,922 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 31,790,482 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
17,201,367 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 18,259,696 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age 18 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
1,375,112 (2001 est.)
males: 1,418,099 (2003 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 1 October (1960) Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)
Nationality noun:
Nigerian(s)

adjective:
Nigerian
noun: Nigerian(s)


adjective: Nigerian
Natural hazards periodic droughts periodic droughts; flooding
Net migration rate 0.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 2,042 km; petroleum products 3,000 km; natural gas 500 km condensate 105 km; gas 1,660 km; oil 3,634 km (2003)
Political parties and leaders All People's Party or APP [Alhaji Yusuf ALI]; Alliance for Democracy or AD [contested between Yusuf MAMMAN and Alhasi Adamu ABDULKADIR]; People's Democratic Party or PDP [Barnabas GEMADE] Alliance for Democracy or AD [Alhaji Adamu ABDULKADIR]; All Nigeria Peoples' Party or ANPP [Don ETIEBET]; All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Chekwas OKORIE]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Aliyu Habu FARI]; Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Audu OGBEH]; Peoples Redemption Party or PRP [Abdulkadir Balarabe MUSA]; Peoples Salvation Party or PSP [Lawal MAITURARE]; United Nigeria Peoples Party or UNPP [Saleh JAMBO]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC [Adams OSHIOMOLE]
Population 126,635,626

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
133,881,703


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line 45% (2000 est.) 60% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate 2.61% (2001 est.) 2.53% (2003 est.)
Radio broadcast stations AM 82, FM 35, shortwave 11 (1998) AM 83, FM 36, shortwave 11 (2001)
Radios 23.5 million (1997) -
Railways total:
3,557 km

narrow gauge:
3,505 km 1.067-m gauge

standard gauge:
52 km 1.435-m gauge

note:
years of neglect of both the rolling stock and the right-of-way have seriously reduced the capacity and utility of the system; a project to restore Nigeria's railways is now underway
total: 3,557 km


narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge


standard gauge: 52 km 1.435-m gauge (2002)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.99 male(s)/female


total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Telephone system general assessment:
an inadequate system, further limited by poor maintenance; major expansion is required and a start has been made

domestic:
intercity traffic is carried by coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, a domestic communications satellite system with 19 earth stations, and a coastal submarine cable; mobile cellular facilities and the Internet are available

international:
satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); coaxial submarine cable SAFE (South African Far East)
general assessment: an inadequate system, further limited by poor maintenance; major expansion is required and a start has been made


domestic: intercity traffic is carried by coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, a domestic communications satellite system with 19 earth stations, and a coastal submarine cable; mobile cellular facilities and the Internet are available


international: satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); coaxial submarine cable SAFE (South African Far East)
Telephones - main lines in use 500,000 (2000) 500,000 (2000 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular 26,700 (1997) 200,000 (2001)
Television broadcast stations 2 government-controlled; note - in addition, in 1993, 14 licenses to operate private television stations were granted (1999) 3 (the government controls 2 of the broadcasting stations and 15 repeater stations) (2002)
Total fertility rate 5.57 children born/woman (2001 est.) 5.4 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Waterways 8,575 km

note:
consisting of the Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks
8,575 km


note: consisting of the Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks
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