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Compare Mozambique (2004) - Tokelau (2004)
Compare Mozambique (2004) z Tokelau (2004)
| Mozambique (2004) | Tokelau (2004) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade)*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia | none (territory of New Zealand) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 43.6% (male 4,126,178; female 4,074,759)
15-64 years: 53.6% (male 4,944,416; female 5,145,167) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 215,418; female 305,793) (2004 est.) |
0-14 years: 42%
15-64 years: 53% 65 years and over: 5% (2004 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry | coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats |
| Airports | 158 (2003 est.) | none; lagoon landings are possible by amphibious aircraft (2003 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 22
over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.) |
- |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 136
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 34 under 914 m: 87 (2004 est.) |
- |
| Area | total: 801,590 sq km
land: 784,090 sq km water: 17,500 sq km |
total: 10 sq km
land: 10 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly less than twice the size of California | about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC |
| Background | Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration by whites, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO steped down after 18 years in office. His newly elected successor, Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, has promised to continue the sound economic policies that have encouraged foreign investment. | Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925. |
| Birth rate | 36.06 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) | NA births/1,000 population |
| Budget | revenues: $1.089 billion
expenditures: $1.269 billion, including capital expenditures of $479.4 million (2003 est.) |
revenues: $430,800
expenditures: $2.8 million, including capital expenditures of $37,300 (1987 est.) |
| Capital | Maputo | none; each atoll has its own administrative center |
| Climate | tropical to subtropical | tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November) |
| Coastline | 2,470 km | 101 km |
| Constitution | 30 November 1990 | administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique
conventional short form: Mozambique local long form: Republica de Mocambique local short form: Mocambique former: Portuguese East Africa |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Tokelau |
| Currency | metical (MZM) | New Zealand dollar (NZD) |
| Death rate | 23.86 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) | NA deaths/1,000 population |
| Debt - external | $966 million (2002 est.) | $0 |
| Dependency status | - | self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelauans are drafting a constitution and developing institutions and patterns of self-government as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Sharon P. WILKINSON
embassy: Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo mailing address: P. O. Box 783, Maputo telephone: [258] (1) 492797 FAX: [258] (1) 490448 |
none (territory of New Zealand) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Armando PANGUENE
chancery: 1990 M Street NW, Suite 570, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 293-7146 FAX: [1] (202) 835-0245 |
none (territory of New Zealand) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $632.8 million (2001) | from New Zealand about $4 million annually |
| Economy - overview | At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate. Inflation was reduced to single digits during the late 1990s although it returned to double digits in 2000-03. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remains dependent upon foreign assistance for much of its annual budget, and the majority of the population remains below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's workforce. A substantial trade imbalance persists although the opening of the MOZAL aluminum smelter, the country's largest foreign investment project to date has increased export earnings. Additional investment projects in titanium extraction and processing and garment manufacturing should further close the import/export gap. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level. | Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $4 million annually - to maintain public services, with annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand. |
| Electricity - consumption | 1.39 billion kWh (2001) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - exports | 5.8 billion kWh (2001) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 500 million kWh (2001) | - |
| Electricity - production | 7.193 billion kWh (2001) | NA kWh |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 5 m |
| Environment - current issues | a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem | very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
- |
| Ethnic groups | indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08% | Polynesian |
| Exchange rates | meticais per US dollar - 23,782.3 (2003), 23,678 (2002), 20,703.6 (2001), 15,447.1 (2000), 13,028.6 (1999)
note: effective October 2000, the exchange rate is determined as the weighted average of buying and selling exchange rates of all transactions of commercial banks and stock exchanges with the public |
New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.154 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: President Armando GUEBUZA (since 2 February 2005)
head of government: Prime Minister Luisa DIOGO (since 17 February 2004) cabinet: Cabinet elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 1-2 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Armando GUEBUZA elected president; percent of vote - Armando GUEBUZA 63.7%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 31.7% |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by Administrator Neil WALTER (since NA 2002)
head of government: Aliki Faipule Kuresa NASAU (since 2004) note - position rotates annually among members of the cabinet cabinet: the Council of Faipule, consisting of three elected leaders - one from each atoll - functions as a cabinet elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term |
| Exports | NA (2001) | $98,000 f.o.b. (1983) |
| Exports - commodities | aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity | stamps, copra, handicrafts |
| Exports - partners | Belgium 26%, South Africa 14.4%, Italy 9.6%, Spain 9.5%, Germany 8.3%, Zimbabwe 4.7% (2003) | New Zealand (2000) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book | the flag of New Zealand is used |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $21.23 billion (2003 est.) | purchasing power parity - $1.5 million (1993 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 20.1%
industry: 27.3% services: 52.7% (2003 est.) |
agriculture: NA
industry: NA services: NA |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2003 est.) | purchasing power parity - $1,000 (1993 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 7% (2003 est.) | NA |
| Geographic coordinates | 18 15 S, 35 00 E | 9 00 S, 172 00 W |
| Geography - note | the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country | consists of three atolls, each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over three meters above sea level |
| Highways | total: 30,400 km
paved: 5,685 km unpaved: 24,715 km (1999 est.) |
total: NA km
paved: NA km unpaved: NA km |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: 2.5%
highest 10%: 31.7% (1997) |
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
| Illicit drugs | Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish, South Asian heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center | - |
| Imports | NA (2001) | $323,000 c.i.f. (1983) |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles | foodstuffs, building materials, fuel |
| Imports - partners | South Africa 26.3%, Australia 9.2%, US 3.9% (2003) | New Zealand (2000) |
| Independence | 25 June 1975 (from Portugal) | none (territory of New Zealand) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 3.4% (2000) | NA |
| Industries | food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), aluminum, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco | small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 137.08 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 142.67 deaths/1,000 live births female: 131.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) |
total: NA
male: NA female: NA |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 14% (2003 est.) | NA |
| International organization participation | ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISET, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO | UNESCO (associate), UPU |
| Irrigated land | 1,070 sq km (1998 est.) | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts
note: although the constitution provides for the creation of a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases |
Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau |
| Labor force | 9.2 million (2000 est.) | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 81%, industry 6%, services 13% (1997 est.) | - |
| Land boundaries | total: 4,571 km
border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 5.1%
permanent crops: 0.3% other: 94.6% (2001) |
arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile)
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001) |
| Languages | Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, numerous other indigenous languages, Portuguese (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language) | Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English |
| Legal system | based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law | New Zealand and local statutes |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on a secret ballot to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 1-2 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - Frelimo 62%, Renamo 29.7%; seats by party - Frelimo 160, Renamo 90 |
unicameral General Fono (48 seats; 15 members from each of the three islands elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms and the 3 island village mayors [pulenuku]); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power on the General Fono |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 37.1 years
male: 37.83 years female: 36.34 years (2004 est.) |
total population: NA years
male: 68 years female: 70 years (2004 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 47.8% male: 63.5% female: 32.7% (2003 est.) |
NA |
| Location | South-eastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania | Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand |
| Map references | Africa | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
| Merchant marine | total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,125 GRT/7,024 DWT
by type: cargo 3 foreign-owned: Belgium 2 (2004 est.) |
none |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of New Zealand |
| Military branches | Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Special Forces | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $101.3 million (2003) | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 2.2% (2003) | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49: 4,335,294 (2004 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49: 2,485,197 (2004 est.) | - |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 25 June (1975) | Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) |
| Nationality | noun: Mozambican(s)
adjective: Mozambican |
noun: Tokelauan(s)
adjective: Tokelauan |
| Natural hazards | severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods occur in central and southern provinces | lies in Pacific typhoon belt |
| Natural resources | coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite | NEGL |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population |
| Pipelines | gas 649 km; refined products 292 km (2004) | - |
| Political parties and leaders | Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or Frelimo [Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO, president]; Mozambique National Resistance-Electoral Union (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana-Uniao Eleitoral) or Renamo-UE [Afonso DHLAKAMA, president] | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Institute for Peace and Democracy (Instituto para Paz e Democracia) or IPADE [Raul DOMINGOS, president]; Etica [Abdul CARIMO Issa, chairman]; Movement for Peace and Citizenship (Movimento para Paz e Cidadania); Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]; Human Rights and Development (Direitos Humanos e Desenvolvimento) or DHD [Artemisia FRANCO, secretary general] | none |
| Population | 18,811,731
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2004 est.) |
1,405 (July 2004 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | 70% (2001 est.) | NA |
| Population growth rate | 1.22% (2004 est.) | -0.01% (2004 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba, Quelimane | none; offshore anchorage only |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 13, FM 17, shortwave 11 (2001) | AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
note: each atoll has a radio broadcast station of unknown type that broadcasts shipping and weather reports (1998) |
| Railways | total: 3,123 km
narrow gauge: 2,983 km 1.067-m gauge; 140 km 0.762-m gauge (2003) |
- |
| Religions | indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20% | Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2%
note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
NA |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 21 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: fair system but not available generally (telephone density is only 16 telephones for each 1,000 persons)
domestic: the system consists of open-wire lines and trunk connection by microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter international: country code - 258; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) |
general assessment: adequate
domestic: radiotelephone service between islands international: country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations, established in 1997 |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 83,700 (2002) | 300 (2002) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 428,900 (2003) | 0 (2001) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (2001) | - |
| Terrain | mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west | low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons |
| Total fertility rate | 4.78 children born/woman (2004 est.) | NA children born/woman |
| Unemployment rate | 21% (1997 est.) | NA |
| Waterways | 460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2004) | - |
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