Compare Montenegro (2008) - Gibraltar (2003)

Compare Montenegro (2008) z Gibraltar (2003)

	Montenegro (2008)	Gibraltar (2003)

Administrative divisions	21 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina); Andrijevica, Bar, Berana, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Plav, Pljevlja, Pluzine, Podgorica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Ulcinj, Zabljak	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 18.3% (male 2,593; female 2,482) 15-64 years: 66.3% (male 9,458; female 8,946) 65 years and over: 15.4% (male 1,873; female 2,424) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	grains, tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheepherding; commercial fishing negligible	none
Airports	5 (2007)	1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2007)	-
Area	total: 14,026 sq km land: 13,812 sq km water: 214 sq km	total: 6.5 sq km land: 6.5 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Connecticut	about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	The use of the name Montenegro began in the 15th century when the Crnojevic dynasty began to rule the Serbian principality of Zeta; over subsequent centuries Montenegro was able to maintain its independence from the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro became a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it was transformed into a secular principality. After World War I, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, first as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, in a looser union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote for severing ties with Serbia exceeded 55% - the threshold set by the EU - allowing Montenegro to formally declare its independence on 3 June 2006.	Strategically important, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In referendums held in 1967 and 2002, Gibraltarians ignored Spanish pressure and voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency.
Birth rate	11.18 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	11.09 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: NA expenditures: NA	revenues: $307 million expenditures: $284 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY 00/01 est.)
Capital	name: Podgorica geographic coordinates: 42 26 N, 19 16 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	Gibraltar
Climate	Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland	Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Coastline	293.5 km	12 km
Constitution	19 October 2007 (was approved by the Assembly)	30 May 1969
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Montenegro conventional short form: Montenegro local long form: Republika Crna Gora local short form: Crna Gora former: People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Gibraltar
Currency	-	Gibraltar pound (GIP)
Death rate	8.39 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	8.93 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$650 million (2006)	$NA
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Roderick W. MOORE embassy: Ljubljanska bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [382] 81 225 417 FAX: [382] 81 241 358	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Miodrag VLAHOVIC chancery: 1610 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 234-6108 FAX: [1] (202) 234-6109 consulate(s) general: New York	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	none	Gibraltar residents vote overwhelmingly in referendum against "total shared sovereignty" arrangement worked out between Spain and UK to change 300-year rule over colony
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	$NA; note - if an agreement between Spain and the UK is reached, could receive 50 million euros from the EU
Economy - overview	The republic of Montenegro severed its economy from federal control and from Serbia during the MILOSEVIC era and maintained its own central bank, used the euro instead of the Yugoslav dinar as official currency, collected customs tariffs, and managed its own budget. The dissolution of the loose political union between Serbia and Montenegro in 2006 led to separate membership in several international financial institutions, such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. On 18 January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF. Montenegro is pursuing its own membership in the World Trade Organization as well as negotiating a Stabilization and Association agreement with the European Union in anticipation of eventual membership. Severe unemployment remains a key political and economic problem for this entire region. Montenegro has privatized its large aluminum complex - the dominant industry - as well as most of its financial sector, and has begun to attract foreign direct investment in the tourism sector.	Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. The financial sector, tourism (almost 5 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, the shipping sector, and tourism each contribute 25%-30% of GDP. Telecommunications accounts for another 10%. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment.
Electricity - consumption	18.6 million kWh (2005)	93 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	2.864 billion kWh (2005 est.)	100 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m	lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m
Environment - current issues	pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor	limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant
Environment - international agreements	party to: Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ship Pollution	-
Ethnic groups	Montenegrin 43%, Serbian 32%, Bosniak 8%, Albanian 5%, other (Muslims, Croats, Roma (Gypsy)) 12%	Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8089 (2004), 0.886 (2003)	Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: President Filip VUJANOVIC (since 11 May 2003) head of government: Prime Minister Milo DJUKANOVIC (since 29 February 2008) cabinet: Ministries act as cabinet elections: president elected by direct vote for five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 11 May 2003 (next to be held in 2008); prime minister proposed by president, accepted by Assembly election results: Filip VUJANOVIC elected on the third round; Filip VUJANOVIC 63.3%, Miodrag ZIVKOVIC 30.8%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander-in-Chief Sir Francis RICHARDS (since 27 May 2003) head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 15 elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
Exports	$171.3 million (2003)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	-	(principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%
Exports - partners	Switzerland 83.9%, Italy 6.1%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.3% (2006)	UK 27.7%, Switzerland 14.3%, Germany 12%, France 6.9%, Spain 6.1%, Turkmenistan 5%, Ukraine 4.6% (2002)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	a red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered	two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $500 million (1997 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $17,500 (1997 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	6% (2007 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	42 30 N, 19 18 E	36 8 N, 5 21 W
Geography - note	strategic location along the Adriatic coast	strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
Heliports	1 (2007)	-
Highways	-	total: 29 km paved: 29 km unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$601.7 million (2003)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	-	fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs
Imports - partners	Greece 10.2%, Italy 10.2%, Germany 9.6%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.2% (2006)	Germany 27.3%, Spain 21.8%, UK 12.1%, Italy 8% (2002)
Independence	3 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism	tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 5.31 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.92 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.4% (2004)	1.5% (1998)
International organization participation	CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC, MIGA, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)	Interpol (subbureau)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Constitutional Court (five judges with nine-year terms); Supreme Court (judges have life tenure)	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force	259,100 (2004)	14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 2% industry: 30% services: 68% (2004 est.)	services 60%, industry 40%, agriculture NEGL%
Land boundaries	total: 625 km border countries: Albania 172 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 225 km, Croatia 25 km, Serbia 203 km	total: 1.2 km border countries: Spain 1.2 km
Land use	arable land: 13.7% permanent crops: 1% other: 85.3%	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages	Serbian (official; Ijekavian dialect), Bosnian, Albanian, Croatian	English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
Legal system	based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	English law
Legislative branch	unicameral Assembly (81 seats; members elected by direct vote for four-year terms; changed from 74 seats in 2006) elections: last held 10 September 2006 (next to be held 2010) election results: percent of vote by party - Coalition for European Montenegro 47.7%, Serbian List 14.4%, Coalition SNP-NS-DSS 13.8%, PZP 12.9%, Liberals and Bosniaks 3.7%, other (including Albanian minority parties) 7.5%; seats by party - Coalition for European Montenegro 41, Serbian List 12, Coalition SNP/NS/DSS 11, PZP 11, Liberals and Bosniaks 3, Albanian minority parties 3	unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio members; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 27 November 2003 (next to be held not later than NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 79.38 years male: 76.51 years female: 82.4 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: NA total population: above 80% male: NA% female: NA%
Location	Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia	Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
Map references	Europe	Europe
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: defined by treaty	territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine	total: 4 ships (1000 GRT or over) 9,458 GRT/10,172 DWT by type: cargo 4 registered in other countries: 3 (Bahamas 2, St Vincent and The Grenadines 1) (2007)	total: 114 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,008,140 GRT/1,435,595 DWT ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 58, chemical tanker 14, container 20, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 1, Cyprus 1, France 2, Germany 55, Greece 6, Ireland 1, Monaco 2, Norway 3, United Kingdom 13 (2002 est.)
Military - note	Montenegrin plans call for the establishment of a fully professional armed forces	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	-	no regular indigenous military forces; British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force
National holiday	National Day, 13 July (1878)	National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain
Nationality	noun: Montenegrin(s) adjective: Montenegrin	noun: Gibraltarian(s) adjective: Gibraltar
Natural hazards	destructive earthquakes	NA
Natural resources	bauxite, hydroelectricity	NEGL
Net migration rate	-	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines	-	0 km
Political parties and leaders	Albanian Alternative or AA [Vesel SINISHTAJ]; Coalition for European Montenegro or DPS-SDP (bloc) [Milo DUKANOVIC] (includes Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DUKANOVIC] and Social Democratic Party of SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]); Coalition SNP-NS-DSS (bloc) (includes Socialist People's Party or SNP [Srdjan MILIC], People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Predrag POPOVIC], and Democratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS [Ranko KADIC]); Democratic League-Party of Democratic Prosperity or SPP [Mehmet BARHDI]; Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Ferhat DINOSA]; Liberals and the Bosniak Party (bloc) [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC] (includes Liberal Party of Montenegro or LP [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC] and Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC]); Movement for Changes or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC]; Serbian List (bloc) [Andrija MANDIC] (includes Party of Serb Radicals or SSR [Dusko SEKULIC], People's Socialist Party or NSS [Emilo LABUDOVIC], and Serbian People's Party of Montenegro or SNS [Andrija MANDIC])	Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association
Population	684,736 (July 2007 est.)	27,776 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	7% (2007 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	-1% (2007 est.)	0.22% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Gibraltar
Radio broadcast stations	31 (station types NA) (2004)	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	total: 250 km standard gauge: 250 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified 169 km) (2006)	-
Religions	Orthodox, Muslim, Roman Catholic	Roman Catholic 76.9%, Church of England 6.9%, Muslim 6.9%, Jewish 2.3%, none or other 7% (1991)
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects who have been residents six months or more
Telephone system	general assessment: modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites domestic: GSM wireless service, available through 2 providers with national coverage, is growing rapidly international: country code - 382; 2 international switches connect the national system	general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities domestic: automatic exchange facilities international: radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	353,300 (2006)	19,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	821,800 (2006)	1,620 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	13 (2004)	1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain	highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus	a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
Total fertility rate	-	1.65 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	14.7% (2007 est.)	2% (2001 est.)
Waterways	-	none

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