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Compare Monaco (2006) - Hungary (2005)

Compare Monaco (2006) z Hungary (2005)

 Monaco (2006)Hungary (2005)
 MonacoHungary
Administrative divisions none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo 19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 20 urban counties (singular - megyei varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros)

counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala

urban counties: Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg

capital city: Budapest
Age structure 0-14 years: 15.2% (male 2,539/female 2,417)


15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,959/female 10,266)


65 years and over: 22.6% (male 3,015/female 4,347) (2006 est.)
0-14 years: 15.8% (male 813,203/female 769,687)


15-64 years: 69.1% (male 3,405,559/female 3,511,141)


65 years and over: 15.1% (male 547,323/female 959,922) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products none wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products
Airports - 44 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 18


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 8


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 26


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 11


under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)
Area total: 1.95 sq km


land: 1.95 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 93,030 sq km


land: 92,340 sq km


water: 690 sq km
Area - comparative about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly smaller than Indiana
Background The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family secured control in the late 13th century, and a principality was established in 1338. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center. Hungary was part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under Communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "Goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU in 2004.
Birth rate 9.19 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) 9.76 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues: $719.2 million


expenditures: $864.1 million; including capital expenditures of $283.1 million (2004)
revenues: $46.07 billion


expenditures: $51.36 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Capital name: Monaco


geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Budapest
Climate Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers
Coastline 4.1 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 17 December 1962 18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial system
Country name conventional long form: Principality of Monaco


conventional short form: Monaco


local long form: Principaute de Monaco


local short form: Monaco
conventional long form: Republic of Hungary


conventional short form: Hungary


local long form: Magyar Koztarsasag


local short form: Magyarorszag
Death rate 12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) 13.19 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $18 billion (2000 est.) $57 billion (2004 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) under the authority of the US ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco chief of mission: Ambassador George Herbert WALKER


embassy: Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest


mailing address: pouch: American Embassy Budapest, 5270 Budapest Place, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270


telephone: [36] (1) 475-4400


FAX: [36] (1) 475-4764
Diplomatic representation in the US Monaco does not have an embassy in the US


consulate(s) general: New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Andras SIMONYI


chancery: 3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 362-6730


FAX: [1] (202) 966-8135


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
Disputes - international none in 2004, Hungary amended the status law extending special social and cultural benefits and voted down a referendum to extend dual citizenship to ethnic Hungarians living in neighboring states, which have objected to such measures; consultations continue between Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Hungary must implement the strict Schengen border rules
Economic aid - recipient $NA $4.2 billion in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004-06)
Economy - overview Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Hungary has made the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy, with a per capita income one-half that of the Big Four European nations. Hungary continues to demonstrate strong economic growth and acceded to the European Union in May 2004. The private sector accounts for over 80% of GDP. Foreign ownership of and investment in Hungarian firms are widespread, with cumulative foreign direct investment totaling more than $23 billion since 1989. Hungarian sovereign debt was upgraded in 2000 and together with the Czech Republic holds the highest rating among the Central European transition economies; however, ratings agencies have expressed concerns over Hungary's unsustainable budget and current account deficits. Inflation has declined from 14% in 1998 to 7% in 2004. Unemployment has persisted around the 6% level, but Hungary's labor force participation rate of 57% is one of the lowest in the OECD. Germany is by far Hungary's largest economic partner. Policy challenges include cutting the public sector deficit to 3% of GDP by 2008, from about 5% in 2004, and orchestrating an orderly interest rate reduction without sparking capital outflows.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 35.99 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports - 8.3 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France 12.6 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - production - 34.07 billion kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
lowest point: Tisza River 78 m


highest point: Kekes 1,014 m
Environment - current issues NA the upgrading of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution to meet EU requirements will require large investments
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94
Ethnic groups French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% Hungarian 92.3%, Roma 1.9%, other or unknown 5.8% (2001 census)
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001) forints per US dollar - 202.75 (2004), 224.31 (2003), 257.89 (2002), 286.49 (2001), 282.18 (2000)
Executive branch chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)


head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005)


cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
chief of state: Laszlo SOLYOM (since 5 August 2005)


head of government: Prime Minister Ferenc GYURCSANY (since 29 September 2004)


cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president


elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 6-7 June 2005 (next to be held by June 2010); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president; election last held 29 September 2004


election results: Laszlo SOLYOM elected president by a simple majority in the third round of voting, 185 to 182; Ferenc GYURCSANY elected prime minister; result of legislative vote - 197 to 12


note: to be elected, the president must win two-thirds of legislative vote in the first two rounds or a simple majority in the third round
Exports $656.5 million $NA


note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
47,180 bbl/day (2001)
Exports - commodities - machinery and equipment 61.1%, other manufactures 28.7%, food products 6.5%, raw materials 2%, fuels and electricity 1.6% (2003)
Exports - partners - Germany 31.4%, Austria 6.8%, France 5.7%, Italy 5.6%, UK 5.1% (2004)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 17%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture: 3.3%


industry: 31.4%


services: 65.3% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $14,900 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 0.9% (2000 est.) 3.9% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 43 44 N, 7 24 E 47 00 N, 20 00 E
Geography - note second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions
Heliports 1 (2006) 5 (2004 est.)
Highways - total: 159,568 km


paved: 70,050 km (including 533 km of expressways)


unpaved: 89,518 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: 4.1%


highest 10%: 20.5% (1998)
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine; improving, but remains vulnerable to money laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking
Imports $636.6 million $NA


note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
136,600 bbl/day (2001)
Imports - commodities - machinery and equipment 51.6%, other manufactures 35.7%, fuels and electricity 7.7%, food products 3.1%, raw materials 2.0% (2003)
Imports - partners - Germany 29.2%, Austria 8.3%, Russia 5.7%, Italy 5.5%, Netherlands 4.9%, China 4.8%, France 4.7% (2004)
Independence 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi) 1001 (unification by King Stephen I)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 9.6% (2004 est.)
Industries tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles
Infant mortality rate total: 5.35 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 6.19 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
total: 8.57 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 9.27 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 7.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.9% (2000) 7% (2004 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO Australia Group, BIS, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU (new member), FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (member affiliate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
Irrigated land NA 2,100 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council) Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly for nine-year terms)
Labor force 41,110


note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2004)
4.17 million (2004 est.)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 6.2%, industry 27.1%, services 66.7% (2002)
Land boundaries total: 4.4 km


border countries: France 4.4 km
total: 2,171 km


border countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Serbia and Montenegro 151 km, Slovakia 677 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
arable land: 50.09%


permanent crops: 2.06%


other: 47.85% (2001)
Languages French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census)
Legal system based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction rule of law based on Western model
Legislative branch unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held February 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3
unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (386 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional and direct representation to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 7 and 21 April 2002 (next to be held NA April 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote required for parliamentary representation in the first round) - Fidesz/MDF 48.70%, MSzP 46.11%, SzDSz 4.92%, other 0.27%; seats by party - Fidesz 164, MSzP 178, MDF 24, SzDSz 20
Life expectancy at birth total population: 79.69 years


male: 75.85 years


female: 83.74 years (2006 est.)
total population: 72.4 years


male: 68.18 years


female: 76.89 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 99% (2003 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99.4%


male: 99.5%


female: 99.3% (2003 est.)
Location Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy Central Europe, northwest of Romania
Map references Europe Europe
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm none (landlocked)
Merchant marine registered in other countries: 77 (Bahamas 17, Barbados 1, Bermuda 2, France 1, Georgia 13, Isle of Man 3, Liberia 10, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 8, Norway 4, Panama 9, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4, Switzerland 2, unknown 1) (2006) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France; the Palace Guard performs ceremonial duties (2003) -
Military branches - Ground Forces, Air Forces
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $1.08 billion (2002 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.75% (2002 est.)
National holiday National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August
Nationality noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)


adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
noun: Hungarian(s)


adjective: Hungarian
Natural hazards NA -
Natural resources none bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land
Net migration rate 7.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) 0.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines - gas 4,397 km; oil 990 km; refined products 335 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders National and Democratic Union or UND [Guy MAGNAN]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM) Alliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [Gabor KUNCZE]; Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN, chairman]; Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian Democratic People's Party or MDNP [Erzsebet PUSZTAI, chairman]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSzP [Istvan HILLER, chairman]; Hungarian Workers' Party or MMP [Gyula THURMER, chairman]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 32,543 (July 2006 est.) 10,006,835 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 8.6% (1993 est.)
Population growth rate 0.4% (2006 est.) -0.26% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors - Budapest, Dunaujvaros, Gyor-Gonyu, Csepel, Baja, Mohacs (2003)
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998) AM 17, FM 57, shortwave 3 (1998)
Railways - total: 7,937 km


broad gauge: 36 km 1.524-m gauge


standard gauge: 7,682 km 1.435-m gauge (2,628 km electrified)


narrow gauge: 219 km 0.760-m gauge (2004)
Religions Roman Catholic 90% Roman Catholic 51.9%, Calvinist 15.9%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 2.6%, other Christian 1%, other or unspecified 11.1%, unaffiliated 14.5% (2001 census)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.57 male(s)/female


total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: modern automatic telephone system


domestic: NA


international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
general assessment: the telephone system has been modernized and is capable of satisfying all requests for telecommunication service


domestic: the system is digitalized and highly automated; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay; a program for fiber-optic subscriber connections was initiated in 1996; heavy use is made of mobile cellular telephones


international: country code - 36; Hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system of ground terminals
Telephones - main lines in use 33,700 (2002) 3,666,400 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 19,300 (2002) 6,862,800 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 5 (1998) 35 (plus 161 low-power repeaters) (1995)
Terrain hilly, rugged, rocky mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border
Total fertility rate 1.76 children born/woman (2006 est.) 1.32 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate 22% (1999) 5.9% (2004 est.)
Waterways - 1,622 km (most on Danube River) (2004)
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