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Compare Monaco (2005) - Greenland (2008)
Compare Monaco (2005) z Greenland (2008)
| Monaco (2005) | Greenland (2008) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo | 3 districts (landsdele); Avannaa (Nordgronland), Tunu (Ostgronland), Kitaa (Vestgronland)
note: there are 18 municipalities in Greenland |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,563/female 2,445)
15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,909/female 10,217) 65 years and over: 22.4% (male 2,972/female 4,303) (2005 est.) |
0-14 years: 24% (male 6,926/female 6,597)
15-64 years: 69.1% (male 20,901/female 18,012) 65 years and over: 6.9% (male 1,873/female 2,035) (2007 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | none | forage crops, garden and greenhouse vegetables; sheep, reindeer; fish |
| Airports | none; linked to the airport at Nice, France by helicopter service (2004 est.) | 14 (2007) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total: 9
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 5 (2007) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2007) |
| Area | total: 1.95 sq km
land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 2,166,086 sq km
land: 2,166,086 sq km (410,449 sq km ice-free, 1,755,637 sq km ice-covered) (2000 est.) |
| Area - comparative | about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | slightly more than three times the size of Texas |
| Background | Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center. | Greenland, the world's largest island, is about 81% ice-capped. Vikings reached the island in the 10th century from Iceland; Danish colonization began in the 18th century, and Greenland was made an integral part of Denmark in 1953. It joined the European Community (now the EU) with Denmark in 1973, but withdrew in 1985 over a dispute centered on stringent fishing quotas. Greenland was granted self-government in 1979 by the Danish parliament; the law went into effect the following year. Denmark continues to exercise control of Greenland's foreign affairs in consultation with Greenland's Home Rule Government. |
| Birth rate | 9.26 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) | 16.01 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $518 million
expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1995) |
revenues: $1.36 billion
expenditures: $1.27 billion (2005) |
| Capital | Monaco | name: Nuuk (Godthab)
geographic coordinates: 64 11 N, 51 45 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October note: Greenland is divided into four time zones |
| Climate | Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers | arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters |
| Coastline | 4.1 km | 44,087 km |
| Constitution | 17 December 1962 | 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution) |
| Country name | conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Greenland local long form: none local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat |
| Death rate | 12.71 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) | 7.93 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Debt - external | $18 billion (2000 est.) | $25 million (1999) |
| Dependency status | - | part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1979 |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco | none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | Monaco does not have an embassy in the US
consulate(s) general: New York |
none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark) |
| Disputes - international | none | managed dispute between Canada and Denmark over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Canada's Ellesmere Island and Greenland |
| Economic aid - recipient | NA | $512 million; note - subsidy from Denmark (2005) |
| Economy - overview | Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough. | The economy remains critically dependent on exports of fish and a substantial subsidy from the Danish Government, which supplies about half of government revenues. The public sector, including publicly-owned enterprises and the municipalities, plays the dominant role in the economy. Several interesting hydrocarbon and mineral exploration activities are ongoing. Press reports in early 2007 indicated that two international aluminum companies were considering building smelters in Greenland to take advantage of local hydropower potential. Tourism is the only sector offering any near-term potential, and even this is limited due to a short season and high costs. Air Greenland began summer-season direct flights to the U.S. east coast in May 2007, potentially opening a major new tourism market. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 279 million kWh (2005) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Electricity - imports | NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by France |
0 kWh (2005) |
| Electricity - production | - | 300 million kWh (2005) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mont Agel 140 m |
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Gunnbjorn 3,700 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | protection of the arctic environment; preservation of the Inuit traditional way of life, including whaling and seal hunting |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
- |
| Ethnic groups | French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% | Greenlander 88% (Inuit and Greenland-born whites), Danish and others 12% (2000) |
| Exchange rates | euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000) | Danish kroner per US dollar - 5.4797 (2007), 5.9468 (2006), 5.9969 (2005), 5.9911 (2004), 6.5877 (2003) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)
head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government |
chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II of Denmark (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Soren MOLLER (since April 2005)
head of government: Prime Minister Hans ENOKSEN (since 14 December 2002) cabinet: Home Rule Government is elected by the parliament (Landstinget) on the basis of the strength of parties elections: the monarchy is hereditary; high commissioner appointed by the monarch; prime minister is elected by parliament (usually the leader of the majority party); election results: Hans ENOKSEN reelected prime minister note: government coalition - Siumut and Inuit Ataqatigiit |
| Exports | $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France | 149.1 bbl/day (2004) |
| Exports - commodities | - | fish and fish products 94% (prawns 63%) |
| Exports - partners | - | Denmark 67.1%, Japan 12.1%, China 5.6% (2006) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red | two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 17%
industry: NA% services: NA% (2001 est.) |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $27,000 (2000 est.) | - |
| GDP - real growth rate | 0.9% (2000 est.) | 2% (2005 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 43 44 N, 7 24 E | 72 00 N, 40 00 W |
| Geography - note | second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban | dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements along coast, but close to one-quarter of the population lives in the capital, Nuuk; world's second largest ice cap |
| Heliports | 1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) (2004 est.) | - |
| Highways | total: 50 km
paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.) |
- |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France | 4,013 bbl/day (2004) |
| Imports - commodities | - | machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, petroleum products |
| Imports - partners | - | Denmark 69.9%, Sweden 16.3%, Norway 3.7% (2006) |
| Independence | 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi) | none (extensive self-rule as part of the Kingdom of Denmark; foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating to Greenland) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products | fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut); gold, niobium, tantalite, uranium, iron and diamond mining; handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 5.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.29 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) |
total: 14.98 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 16.32 deaths/1,000 live births female: 13.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 1.9% (2000) | 1% (2005 est.) |
| International organization participation | ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO | Arctic Council, NC, NIB, UPU |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council) | High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in Copenhagen) |
| Labor force | 30,540 (January 1994) | 32,120 (2004) |
| Land boundaries | total: 4.4 km
border countries: France 4.4 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2001) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005) |
| Languages | French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque | Greenlandic (East Inuit), Danish, English |
| Legal system | based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction | the laws of Denmark, where applicable, apply |
| Legislative branch | unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held February 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3 |
unicameral Parliament or Landstinget (31 seats; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 15 November 2005 (next to be held by December 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - Siumut 30.7%, Demokratiit 22.8%, IA 22.6%, Atassut Party 19.1%; Katusseqatigiit 4.1%, other 0.7%; seats by party - Siumut 10, Demokratiit 7, IA 7, Atassut 6, Katusseqatigiit 1 note: two representatives were elected to the Danish Parliament or Folketing on 13 November 2007 (next to be held in November 2011); percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Siumut 1, Inuit Ataqatigiit 1 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 79.57 years
male: 75.7 years female: 83.63 years (2005 est.) |
total population: 70.23 years
male: 66.65 years female: 73.9 years (2007 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: NA
total population: 99% male: NA% female: NA% |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (2001 est.) |
| Location | Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy | Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada |
| Map references | Europe | Arctic Region |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm | territorial sea: 3 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line continental shelf: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line |
| Merchant marine | registered in other countries: 54 (2005) | total: 2 ships (1000 GRT or over) 3,422 GRT/2,340 DWT
by type: cargo 1, passenger 1 registered in other countries: 1 (Denmark 1) (2007) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of France; the Palace Guard performs ceremonial duties (2003) | defense is the responsibility of Denmark |
| National holiday | National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November | June 21 (longest day) |
| Nationality | noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan |
noun: Greenlander(s)
adjective: Greenlandic |
| Natural hazards | NA | continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island |
| Natural resources | none | coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, molybdenum, diamonds, gold, platinum, niobium, tantalite, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas |
| Net migration rate | 7.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) | -8.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM) [leader NA] | Atassut Party (Solidarity) [Finn KARLSEN] (a conservative party favoring continuing close relations with Denmark); Demokratiit [Per BERTHELSEN]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (Eskimo Brotherhood) [Josef MOTZFELDT] (a leftist party favoring complete independence from Denmark rather than home rule); Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List) (an independent right-of-center party with no official platform); Siumut (Forward Party) [Hans ENOKSEN] (a social democratic party advocating more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark) |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
| Population | 32,409 (July 2005 est.) | 56,344 (July 2007 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 0.43% (2005 est.) | -0.03% (2007 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Monaco | - |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998) | AM 5, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Religions | Roman Catholic 90% | Evangelical Lutheran |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2005 est.) |
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.16 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female total population: 1.115 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
| Suffrage | 21 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: modern automatic telephone system
domestic: NA international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system |
general assessment: adequate domestic and international service provided by satellite, cables and microwave radio relay; totally digitalized in 1995
domestic: microwave radio relay and satellite international: country code - 299; satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 2 Americom GE-2 (all Atlantic Ocean) (2000) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 33,700 (2002) | 25,300 (2002) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 19,300 (2002) | 32,200 (2004) |
| Television broadcast stations | 5 (1998) | 1 (plus some local low-power stations, and 3 Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) stations (1997) |
| Terrain | hilly, rugged, rocky | flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast |
| Total fertility rate | 1.76 children born/woman (2005 est.) | 2.4 children born/woman (2007 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 22% (1999) | 9.3% (2005 est.) |
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