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Compare Monaco (2002) - Libya (2001)

Compare Monaco (2002) z Libya (2001)

 Monaco (2002)Libya (2001)
 MonacoLibya
Administrative divisions none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo 25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions
Age structure 0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,545; female 2,418)


15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,762; female 10,093)


65 years and over: 22.4% (male 2,922; female 4,247) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
35.41% (male 947,645; female 907,854)

15-64 years:
60.64% (male 1,645,085; female 1,533,066)

65 years and over:
3.95% (male 101,701; female 105,248) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products none wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle
Airports none; linked to airport in Nice, France, by helicopter service (2001) 136 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
58

over 3,047 m:
23

2,438 to 3,047 m:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
22

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
78

over 3,047 m:
4

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
14

914 to 1,523 m:
40

under 914 m:
18 (2000 est.)
Area total: 1.95 sq km


land: 1.95 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
1,759,540 sq km

land:
1,759,540 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly larger than Alaska
Background Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center. Since he took power in a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI has espoused his own political system - a combination of socialism and Islam - which he calls the Third International Theory. Viewing himself as a revolutionary leader, he used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, even supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. Libyan military adventures failed, e.g., the prolonged foray of Libyan troops into the Aozou Strip in northern Chad was finally repulsed in 1987. Libyan support for terrorism decreased after UN sanctions were imposed in 1992. Those sanctions were suspended in April 1999.
Birth rate 9.6 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 27.67 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $518 million


expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995)
revenues:
$6.85 billion

expenditures:
$4.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Monaco Tripoli
Climate Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
Coastline 4.1 km 1,770 km
Constitution 17 December 1962 11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977
Country name conventional long form: Principality of Monaco


conventional short form: Monaco


local long form: Principaute de Monaco


local short form: Monaco
conventional long form:
Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

conventional short form:
Libya

local long form:
Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma

local short form:
none
Currency euro (EUR); French franc (FRF) Libyan dinar (LYD)
Death rate 12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 3.51 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $NA $4.1 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco the US suspended all embassy activities in Tripoli on 2 May 1980
Diplomatic representation in the US Monaco does not have an embassy in the US


consulate(s) general: New York
Libya does not have an embassy in the US
Disputes - international none Libya claims about 19,400 sq km in northern Niger and also a part of southeastern Algeria
Economic aid - recipient $NA $8.4 million (1995)
Economy - overview Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major new construction project will extend the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough. The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contributes practically all export earnings and about one-quarter of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. In this statist society, import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food requirements. Higher oil prices in 1999 and 2000 led to an increase in export revenues, which improved macroeconomic balances and helped to stimulate the economy. Following the suspension of UN sanctions in 1999, Libya has been trying to increase its attractiveness to foreign investors, and several foreign companies have visited in search of contracts.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 17.577 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports NA kWh


note: electricity supplied by France (1999)
0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 18.9 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
lowest point:
Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m

highest point:
Bikku Bitti 2,267 m
Environment - current issues NA desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
party to:
Climate Change, Desertification, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Biodiversity, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997) Libyan dinars per US dollar - 0.5101 (January 2001), 0.5081 (2000), 0.4616 (1999), 0.3785 (1998), 0.3891 (1997), 0.3651 (1996)

note:
Libya currently has two rates for foreign trade; one for government operations and foreign companies and one for Libyan individuals (0.45 dinars per US dollar in December 1998)
Executive branch chief of state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958)


head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERCQ (since 5 January 2000)


cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
chief of state:
Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state

head of government:
Secretary of the General People's Committee (Premier) Mubarak al-SHAMEKH (since 2 March 2000)

cabinet:
General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress

elections:
national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held 2 March 2000 (next to be held NA)

election results:
Mubarak al-SHAMEKH elected premier; percent of General People's Congress vote - NA%
Exports $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France $13.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities - crude oil, refined petroleum products
Exports - partners - Italy 33%, Germany 24%, Spain 10%, France 5%, Turkey 4%, Tunisia 4% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)
GDP purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.) purchasing power parity - $45.4 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture:
7%

industry:
47%

services:
46% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.) purchasing power parity - $8,900 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 6.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 43 44 N, 7 24 E 25 00 N, 17 00 E
Geography - note second smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban -
Heliports 1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) (2002) -
Highways total: 50 km


paved: 50 km


unpaved: 0 km (2001)
total:
24,484 km

paved:
6,800 km

unpaved:
17,684 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France $7.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities - machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods
Imports - partners - Italy 24%, Germany 12%, Tunisia 9%, UK 7%, France 6%, South Korea 5% (1999)
Independence 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi) 24 December 1951 (from Italy)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement
Infant mortality rate 5.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 28.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA% 18.5% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ECE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 4,700 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council) Supreme Court
Labor force 30,540 (January 1994) 1.5 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation - services and government 54%, industry 29%, agriculture 17% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries total: 4.4 km


border countries: France 4.4 km
total:
4,383 km

border countries:
Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,150 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.)
arable land:
1%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
8%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
91% (1993 est.)
Languages French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities
Legal system based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held NA February 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3
unicameral General People's Congress (NA seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)
Life expectancy at birth total population: 79.12 years


male: 75.21 years


female: 83.25 years (2002 est.)
total population:
75.65 years

male:
73.53 years

female:
77.88 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 99%


male: NA%


female: NA%
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
76.2%

male:
87.9%

female:
63% (1995 est.)
Location Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia
Map references Europe Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 NM territorial sea:
12 NM

note:
Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) total:
28 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 399,725 GRT/654,843 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 10, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 6, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 4 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France -
Military branches - Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Command
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $1.3 billion (FY99/00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 3.9% (FY99/00)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
1,459,400 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
866,012 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 17 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
61,694 (2001 est.)
National holiday National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)
Nationality noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)


adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
noun:
Libyan(s)

adjective:
Libyan
Natural hazards NA hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
Natural resources none petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
Net migration rate 7.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 4,383 km; petroleum products 443 km (includes liquefied petroleum gas or LPG 256 km); natural gas 1,947 km
Political parties and leaders Campora List [Anne-Maria CAMPORA]; Medecin List [Jean-Louis MEDECIN]; National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]; Rally for the Monegasque Family or RFM [leader NA] none
Political pressure groups and leaders NA various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements
Population 31,987 (July 2002 est.) 5,240,599

note:
includes 662,669 non-nationals, of which an estimated 500,000 or more are Africans living in Libya (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.45% (2002 est.) 2.42% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Monaco Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998) AM 17, FM 4, shortwave 3 (1998)
Radios 34,000 (1997) 1.35 million (1997)
Railways total: 1.7 km


standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge (2002)
note:
Libya has had no railroad in operation since 1965, all previous systems having been dismantled; current plans are to construct a 1.435-m standard gauge line from the Tunisian frontier to Tripoli and Misratah, then inland to Sabha, center of a mineral-rich area, but there has been little progress; other plans made jointly with Egypt would establish a rail line from As Sallum, Egypt, to Tobruk with completion originally set for mid-1994; Libya signed contracts with two private companies - Bahne of Egypt and Jez Sistemas Ferroviarios of Spain - in 1998 for the supply of crossings and pointwork (1001)
Religions Roman Catholic 90% Sunni Muslim 97%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.97 male(s)/female

total population:
1.06 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment: modern automatic telephone system


domestic: NA


international: no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
general assessment:
telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996

domestic:
microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations

international:
satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999)
Telephones - main lines in use 31,027 (1995) 380,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA NA
Television broadcast stations 5 (1998) 12 (plus one low-power repeater) (1998)
Terrain hilly, rugged, rocky mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
Total fertility rate 1.76 children born/woman (2002 est.) 3.64 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 3.1% (1998) 30% (2000 est.)
Waterways none none
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