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Compare Maldives (2004) - Niger (2001)

Compare Maldives (2004) z Niger (2001)

 Maldives (2004)Niger (2001)
 MaldivesNiger
Administrative divisions 19 atolls (atholhu, singular and plural) and 1 other first-order administrative division*; Alifu, Baa, Dhaalu, Faafu, Gaafu Alifu, Gaafu Dhaalu, Gnaviyani, Haa Alifu, Haa Dhaalu, Kaafu, Laamu, Lhaviyani, Maale*, Meemu, Noonu, Raa, Seenu, Shaviyani, Thaa, Vaavu 7 departments (departements, singular - departement), and 1 capital district* (capitale district); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder
Age structure 0-14 years: 44.4% (male 77,424; female 73,191)


15-64 years: 52.6% (male 91,045; female 87,331)


65 years and over: 3% (male 5,207; female 5,132) (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
47.97% (male 2,528,484; female 2,439,051)

15-64 years:
49.75% (male 2,518,400; female 2,633,677)

65 years and over:
2.28% (male 123,589; female 111,955) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes; fish cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (tapioca), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry
Airports 5 (2003 est.) 27 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
9

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
6

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
total:
18

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
15

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Area total: 300 sq km


land: 300 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
1.267 million sq km

land:
1,266,700 sq km

water:
300 sq km
Area - comparative about 1.7 times the size of Washington, DC slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Background The Maldives were long a sultanate, first under Dutch and then under British protection. They became a republic in 1968, three years after independence. Since 1978, President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM - currently in his sixth term in office - has dominated the island's political scene. Following riots in the capital Male in August 2004, the president and his government have pledged to embark upon democratic reforms, including a more representative political system and expanded political freedoms. Tourism and fishing are being developed on the archipelago. Not until 1993, 33 years after independence from France, did Niger hold its first free and open elections. A 1995 peace accord ended a five-year Tuareg insurgency in the north. Coups in 1996 and 1999 were followed by the creation of a National Reconciliation Council that effected a transition to civilian rule in December 1999.
Birth rate 36.06 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 50.68 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $224 million (excluding foreign grants)


expenditures: $282 million, including capital expenditures of $80 million (2002 est.)
revenues:
$377 million, including $146 million from foreign sources

expenditures:
$377 million, including capital expenditures of $105 million (1999 est.)
Capital Male Niamey
Climate tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August) desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south
Coastline 644 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution adopted January 1998 the constitution of January 1993 was revised by national referendum on 12 May 1996 and again by referendum on 18 July 1999
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Maldives


conventional short form: Maldives


local long form: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa


local short form: Dhivehi Raajje
conventional long form:
Republic of Niger

conventional short form:
Niger

local long form:
Republique du Niger

local short form:
Niger
Currency rufiyaa (MVR) Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate 7.44 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 22.71 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $281 million (2003 est.) $1.3 billion (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Maldives; the US Ambassador to Sri Lanka is accredited to Maldives and makes periodic visits there chief of mission:
Ambassador Charles O. CECIL

embassy:
Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey

mailing address:
B. P. 11201, Niamey

telephone:
[227] 72 26 61 through 72 26 64

FAX:
[227] 73 31 67
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Dr. Mohamed LATHEEF


chancery: 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400E, New York, NY 10017


telephone: [1] (212) 599-6195
chief of mission:
Ambassador Joseph DIATTA

chancery:
2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227
Disputes - international none Libya claims about 19,400 sq km in northern Niger; delimitation of international boundaries in the vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, has been completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria
Economic aid - recipient NA (1995) $341 million (1997)

note:
the IMF approved a $73 million poverty reduction and growth facility for Niger in 2000 and announced $115 million in debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative
Economy - overview Tourism, Maldives' largest industry, accounts for 20% of GDP and more than 60% of the Maldives' foreign exchange receipts. Over 90% of government tax revenue comes from import duties and tourism-related taxes. Fishing is a second leading sector. The Maldivian Government began an economic reform program in 1989 initially by lifting import quotas and opening some exports to the private sector. Subsequently, it has liberalized regulations to allow more foreign investment. Agriculture and manufacturing continue to play a lesser role in the economy, constrained by the limited availability of cultivable land and the shortage of domestic labor. Most staple foods must be imported. Industry, which consists mainly of garment production, boat building, and handicrafts, accounts for about 18% of GDP. Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is one meter or less above sea level. Niger is a poor, landlocked Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, reexport trade, and increasingly less on uranium, because of declining world demand. The 50% devaluation of the West African franc in January 1994 boosted exports of livestock, cowpeas, onions, and the products of Niger's small cotton industry. The government relies on bilateral and multilateral aid - which was suspended following the April 1999 coup d'etat - for operating expenses and public investment. In 2000, the World Bank approved a structural adjustment loan of $35 million to help support fiscal reforms. However, reforms could prove difficult given the government's bleak financial situation.
Electricity - consumption 108.8 million kWh (2001) 401 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 215 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 117 million kWh (2001) 200 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Wilingili island in the Addu Atoll 2.4 m
lowest point:
Niger River 200 m

highest point:
Mont Greboun 1,944 m
Environment - current issues depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies; global warming and sea level rise; coral reef bleaching overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups South Indians, Sinhalese, Arabs Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200 French expatriates
Exchange rates rufiyaa per US dollar - 12.8 (2003), 12.8 (2002), 12.2421 (2001), 11.77 (2000), 11.77 (1999) Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro
Executive branch chief of state: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: president nominated by the Majlis and then the nomination must be ratified by a national referendum (at least a 51% approval margin is required); president elected for a five-year term; election last held 17 October 2003 (next to be held NA 2008)


election results: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM reelected in referendum held 17 October 2003; percent of popular vote - Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM 90.3%
chief of state:
President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Prime Minister Hama AMADOU (since 31 December 1999) was appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president

note:
President Ibrahim BARE was assassinated on 9 April 1999; subsequent elections were held under the nine-month provisional government of Major Daouda Mallam WANKE

cabinet:
23-member cabinet appointed by President TANDJA

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
Mamadou TANDJA elected president; percent of vote - Mamadou TANDJA 59.9%, Mahamadou ISSOUFOU 40.1%
Exports NA (2001) $385 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities fish, clothing uranium ore 65%, livestock products, cowpeas, onions (1998 est.)
Exports - partners US 32.1%, Thailand 17%, Sri Lanka 13.4%, Japan 10.7%, UK 9.8%, Indonesia 4.5% (2003) France 45%, Nigeria 27%, UK 11% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band
GDP purchasing power parity - $1.25 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $10 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 20%


industry: 18%


services: 62% (2000 est.)
agriculture:
40%

industry:
18%

services:
42% (1998)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,900 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.3% (2002 est.) 3.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 3 15 N, 73 00 E 16 00 N, 8 00 E
Geography - note 1,190 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls (200 inhabited islands, plus 80 islands with tourist resorts); archipelago with strategic location astride and along major sea lanes in Indian Ocean landlocked
Highways total: NA km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km
total:
10,100 km

paved:
798 km

unpaved:
9,302 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
0.8%

highest 10%:
35.4% (1995)
Imports NA (2001) $317 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Imports - commodities consumer goods, intermediate and capital goods, petroleum products consumer goods, primary materials, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals
Imports - partners Singapore 24.8%, Sri Lanka 13.8%, India 10.2%, Malaysia 7.6%, UAE 7.6%, Thailand 5.1% (2003) France 22%, Cote d'Ivoire 15%, Nigeria 8%, US 3% (1999)
Independence 26 July 1965 (from UK) 3 August 1958 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 4.4% (1996 est.) NA%
Industries fish processing, tourism, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, garments, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining uranium mining, cement, brick, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses
Infant mortality rate total: 58.32 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 57.43 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 59.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
123.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (2002 est.) 2.8% (2000 est.)
International organization participation AsDB, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 660 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch High Court State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Labor force 88,000 (2000) 70,000 receive regular wages or salaries
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 22%, industry 18%, services 60% (1995) agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%
Land boundaries 0 km total:
5,697 km

border countries:
Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km
Land use arable land: 13.33%


permanent crops: 16.67%


other: 70% (2001)
arable land:
3%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
7%

forests and woodland:
2%

other:
88% (1993 est.)
Languages Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials French (official), Hausa, Djerma
Legal system based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral People's Council or Majlis (50 seats; 42 elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 22 January 2005 (next to be held NA 2010)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 50
unicameral National Assembly (83 seats, members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)

elections:
last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNSD-Nassara 38, CDS-Rahama 17, PNDS-Tarayya 16, RDP-Jama'a 8, ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya 4
Life expectancy at birth total population: 63.68 years


male: 62.41 years


female: 65.01 years (2004 est.)
total population:
41.59 years

male:
41.74 years

female:
41.44 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 97.2%


male: 97.1%


female: 97.3% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
13.6%

male:
20.9%

female:
6.6% (1995 est.)
Location Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India Western Africa, southeast of Algeria
Map references Asia Africa
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines


territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 16 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 54,164 GRT/68,973 DWT


by type: cargo 13, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, short-sea/passenger 1


foreign-owned: North Korea 1


registered in other countries: 2 (2004 est.)
-
Military branches National Security Service: comprising Security Branch (ground forces), Air Element; Coast Guard Army, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure $43.1 million (2003) $20 million (FY96)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 8.6% (2003) 1.1% (FY96)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 81,221 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
2,202,608 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 45,142 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
1,190,787 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
108,993 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 26 July (1965) Republic Day, 18 December (1958)
Nationality noun: Maldivian(s)


adjective: Maldivian
noun:
Nigerien(s)

adjective:
Nigerien
Natural hazards low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise recurring droughts
Natural resources fish uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, petroleum
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -0.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders although political parties are not banned, none exist Democratic Rally of the People-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Mamadou TANDJA, chairman]; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism-Tarayya or PNDS-Tarayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]; Union of Democratic Patriots and Progressives-Chamoua or UPDP-Chamoua [Professor Andre' SALIFOU, chairman]
Political pressure groups and leaders none NA
Population 339,330 (July 2004 est.) 10,355,156 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA 63% (1993 est.)
Population growth rate 2.86% (2004 est.) 2.72% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Gan, Male none
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998) AM 5, FM 5, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios - 680,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions Sunni Muslim Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christians
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female


total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.1 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: minimal domestic and international facilities


domestic: interatoll communication through microwave links; all inhabited islands are connected with telephone and fax service


international: country code - 960; satellite earth station - 3 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
general assessment:
small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger

domestic:
wire, radiotelephone communications, and microwave radio relay; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 28,700 (2002) 16,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 41,900 (2002) 13,000 (1995)
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) 10 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain flat, with white sandy beaches predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north
Total fertility rate 5.14 children born/woman (2004 est.) 7.08 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NEGL% (2003 est.) NA%
Waterways - 300 km

note:
the Niger River is navigable from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid-December through March
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