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Compare Luxembourg (2006) - Monaco (2001)
Compare Luxembourg (2006) z Monaco (2001)
| Luxembourg (2006) | Monaco (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg | none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 18.9% (male 46,118/female 43,356)
15-64 years: 66.5% (male 159,498/female 156,075) 65 years and over: 14.6% (male 28,027/female 41,339) (2006 est.) |
0-14 years:
15.32% (male 2,503; female 2,375) 15-64 years: 62.23% (male 9,731; female 10,083) 65 years and over: 22.45% (male 2,921; female 4,229) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | wine, grapes, barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits; dairy products, livestock products | none |
| Airports | 2 (2006) | linked to airport in Nice, France, by helicopter service |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2006) |
- |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2006) |
- |
| Area | total: 2,586 sq km
land: 2,586 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
1.95 sq km land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Rhode Island | about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC |
| Background | Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839, but gained a larger measure of autonomy. Full independence was attained in 1867. Overrun by Germany in both World Wars, it ended its neutrality in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and when it joined NATO the following year. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union), and in 1999 it joined the euro currency area. | Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center. |
| Birth rate | 11.94 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) | 9.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $9.195 billion
expenditures: $9.573 billion; including capital expenditures of $975.5 million (2005 est.) |
revenues:
$518 million expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995) |
| Capital | name: Luxembourg
geographic coordinates: 49 45 N, 6 10 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October |
Monaco |
| Climate | modified continental with mild winters, cool summers | Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | 4.1 km |
| Constitution | 17 October 1868; occasional revisions | 17 December 1962 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
conventional short form: Luxembourg local long form: Grand Duche de Luxembourg local short form: Luxembourg |
conventional long form:
Principality of Monaco conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco |
| Currency | - | French franc (FRF); euro (EUR) |
| Death rate | 8.41 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) | 13 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA | $NA |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Ann WAGNER
embassy: 22 Boulevard Emmanuel Servais, L-2535 Luxembourg City mailing address: American Embassy Luxembourg, Unit 1410, APO AE 09126-1410 (official mail); American Embassy Luxembourg, PSC 9, Box 9500, APO AE 09123 (personal mail) telephone: [352] 46 01 23 FAX: [352] 46 14 01 |
the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph WEYLAND
chancery: 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-4171/72 FAX: [1] (202) 328-8270 consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco |
Monaco does not have an embassy in the US
consulate(s) general: New York |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - donor | ODA, $235.59 million (2004) | - |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | $NA |
| Economy - overview | This stable, high-income economy - benefitting from its proximity to France, Belgium, and Germany - features solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. The industrial sector, initially dominated by steel, has become increasingly diversified to include chemicals, rubber, and other products. Growth in the financial sector, which now accounts for about 28% of GDP, has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Most banks are foreign-owned and have extensive foreign dealings. Agriculture is based on small family-owned farms. The economy depends on foreign and cross-border workers for more than 30% of its labor force. Although Luxembourg, like all EU members, has suffered from the global economic slump, the country enjoys an extraordinarily high standard of living - GDP per capita ranks first in the world. | Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough. |
| Electricity - consumption | 6.14 billion kWh (2005 est.) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - exports | 2.346 billion kWh (2005 est.) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 5.287 billion kWh (2005 est.) | NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by France (1999) |
| Electricity - production | 3.203 billion kWh (2005 est.) | - |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Moselle River 133 m
highest point: Buurgplaatz 559 m |
lowest point:
Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Agel 140 m |
| Environment - current issues | air and water pollution in urban areas, soil pollution of farmland | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification |
party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
| Ethnic groups | Celtic base (with French and German blend), Portuguese, Italian, Slavs (from Montenegro, Albania, and Kosovo) and European (guest and resident workers) | French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% |
| Exchange rates | euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001) | euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME (son of the monarch, born 11 November 1981)
head of government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude JUNCKER (since 1 January 1995) and Vice Prime Minister Jean ASSELBORN (since 31 July 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following popular elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; the deputy prime minister is appointed by the monarch; they are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies note: government coalition - CSV and LSAP |
chief of state:
Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958) head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERQUE (since 5 January 2000) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government |
| Exports | 634 bbl/day (2001) | $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France |
| Exports - commodities | machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass | - |
| Exports - partners | Germany 21%, France 16.3%, Belgium 9.2%, UK 8.3%, Italy 7.5%, Spain 6.6%, Netherlands 4.3% (2005) | - |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France | two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 1%
industry: 13% services: 86% (2005 est.) |
agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 4% (2005 est.) | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 49 45 N, 6 10 E | 43 44 N, 7 24 E |
| Geography - note | landlocked; the only Grand Duchy in the world | second smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban |
| Heliports | 1 (2006) | 1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) |
| Highways | - | total:
50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | 50,700 bbl/day (2001) | $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France |
| Imports - commodities | minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods | - |
| Imports - partners | Belgium 28.2%, Germany 21.8%, China 12.8%, France 9.6%, Netherlands 5.1% (2005) | - |
| Independence | 1839 (from the Netherlands) | 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 4.5% (2005 est.) | NA% |
| Industries | banking and financial services, iron and steel, information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, tourism | tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 4.74 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.73 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.) |
5.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 2.5% (2005 est.) | NA% |
| International organization participation | ACCT, AsDB, Australia Group, Benelux, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC | ACCT, ECE, IAEA, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace, 2 district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all courts are appointed for life by the monarch | Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council) |
| Labor force | 316,500 of whom 121,600 are foreign cross-border workers commuting primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2005 est.) | 30,540 (January 1994) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture: 1%
industry: 13% services: 86% (2004 est.) |
- |
| Land boundaries | total: 359 km
border countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km |
total:
4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km |
| Land use | arable land: 23.94%
permanent crops: 0.39% other: 75.67% (includes Belgium) (2005) |
arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (urban area) |
| Languages | Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language) | French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque |
| Legal system | based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction | based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 13 June 2004 (next to be held by June 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - CSV 36.1%, LSAP 23.4%, DP 16.1%, Green Party 11.6%, ADR 10%; seats by party - CSV 24, LSAP 14, DP 10, Green Party 7, ADR 5 note: there is also a Council of State that serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies; the Council of State has 21 members appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister |
unicameral National Council or Conseil National (18 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 1 and 8 February 1998 (next to be held NA January 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UND 18 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 78.89 years
male: 75.6 years female: 82.38 years (2006 est.) |
total population:
78.98 years male: 75.04 years female: 83.12 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (2000 est.) |
definition:
NA total population: 99% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Western Europe, between France and Germany | Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy |
| Map references | Europe | Europe |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | territorial sea:
12 NM |
| Merchant marine | total: 42 ships (1000 GRT or over) 557,636 GRT/792,069 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 6, chemical tanker 16, container 7, liquefied gas 2, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 5 foreign-owned: 42 (Belgium 9, Finland 4, France 14, Germany 10, Netherlands 2, US 3) (2006) |
none (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of France |
| Military branches | Army | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $231.6 million (2003) | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 0.9% (2003) | - |
| National holiday | National Day (Birthday of Grand Duchess Charlotte) 23 June | National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November |
| Nationality | noun: Luxembourger(s)
adjective: Luxembourg |
noun:
Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s) adjective: Monegasque or Monacan |
| Natural hazards | NA | NA |
| Natural resources | iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land | none |
| Net migration rate | 8.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) | 7.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Pipelines | gas 155 km (2006) | - |
| Political parties and leaders | Action Committee for Democracy and Justice or ADR [Gast GIBERYEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV (also known as Christian Social Party or PCS) [Francois BILTGEN]; Democratic Party or DP [Claude MEISCH]; Green Party [Francois BAUSCH]; Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; Marxist and Reformed Communist Party dei Lenk/la Gauche (the Left) [no formal leadership]; other minor parties | National and Democratic Union or UND [leader NA]; National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]; Rally for the Monegasque Family [leader NA] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | ABBL (bankers' association); ALEBA (financial sector trade union); Centrale Paysanne (federation of agricultural producers); CEP (professional sector chamber); CGFP (trade union representing civil service); Chambre de Commerce (Chamber of Commerce); Chambre des Metiers (Chamber of Artisans); FEDIL (federation of industrialists); Greenpeace (environment protection); LCGP (center-right trade union); Mouvement Ecologique (protection of ecology); OGBL (center-left trade union) | NA |
| Population | 474,413 (July 2006 est.) | 31,842 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 1.23% (2006 est.) | 0.46% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | - | Monaco |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1999) | AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 34,000 (1997) |
| Railways | total: 274 km
standard gauge: 274 km 1.435-m gauge (262 km electrified) (2005) |
total:
1.7 km standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge |
| Religions | 87% Roman Catholic, 13% Protestants, Jews, and Muslims (2000) | Roman Catholic 90% |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2006 est.) |
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal and compulsory | 21 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables
domestic: nationwide cellular telephone system; buried cable international: country code - 352; 3 channels leased on TAT-6 coaxial submarine cable (Europe to North America) |
general assessment:
modern automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 244,500 (2005) | 31,027 (1995) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 720,000 (2005) | NA |
| Television broadcast stations | 5 (1999) | 5 (1998) |
| Terrain | mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast | hilly, rugged, rocky |
| Total fertility rate | 1.78 children born/woman (2006 est.) | 1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 4.5% (2005 est.) | 3.1% (1998) |
| Waterways | 37 km (on Moselle River) (2003) | none |
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