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Compare Jordan (2001) - Mali (2008)

Compare Jordan (2001) z Mali (2008)

 Jordan (2001)Mali (2008)
 JordanMali
Administrative divisions 12 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Ajlun, Al 'Aqabah, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, 'Amman, At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Jarash, Ma'an, Madaba 8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou
Age structure 0-14 years:
37.23% (male 980,345; female 938,081)

15-64 years:
59.44% (male 1,633,579; female 1,429,631)

65 years and over:
3.33% (male 84,815; female 86,927) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 48.2% (male 2,921,914/female 2,853,976)


15-64 years: 48.8% (male 2,891,494/female 2,959,142)


65 years and over: 3.1% (male 149,301/female 219,575) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, citrus, tomatoes, melons, olives; sheep, goats, poultry cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats
Airports 18 (2000 est.) 29 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
15

over 3,047 m:
7

2,438 to 3,047 m:
6

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 8


2,438 to 3,047 m: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
3

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
total: 21


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 7


under 914 m: 8 (2007)
Area total:
92,300 sq km

land:
91,971 sq km

water:
329 sq km
total: 1.24 million sq km


land: 1.22 million sq km


water: 20,000 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Indiana slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Background For most of its history since independence from British administration in 1946, Jordan was ruled by King HUSSEIN (1953-1999). A pragmatic ruler, he successfully navigated competing pressures from the major powers (US, USSR, and UK), various Arab states, Israel, and a large internal Palestinian population, through several wars and coup attempts. In 1989 he resumed parliamentary elections and gradually permitted political liberalization; in 1994 a formal peace treaty was signed with Israel. King ABDALLAH II - the eldest son of King HUSSEIN and Princess MUNA - assumed the throne following his father's death in February 1999. Since then, he has consolidated his power and established his domestic priorities. The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, what formerly made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 by a military coup - led by the current president Amadou TOURE - enabling Mali's emergence as one of the strongest democracies on the continent. President Alpha KONARE won Mali's first democratic presidential election in 1992 and was reelected in 1997. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, KONARE stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou TOURE, who was subsequently elected to a second term in 2007. The elections were widely judged to be free and fair.
Birth rate 25.44 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 49.61 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues:
$2.8 billion

expenditures:
$3.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $764 million


expenditures: $828 million (2002 est.)
Capital Amman name: Bamako


geographic coordinates: 12 39 N, 8 00 W


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April) subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)
Coastline 26 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 8 January 1952 adopted 12 January 1992
Country name conventional long form:
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

conventional short form:
Jordan

local long form:
Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah

local short form:
Al Urdun

former:
Transjordan
conventional long form: Republic of Mali


conventional short form: Mali


local long form: Republique de Mali


local short form: Mali


former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic
Currency Jordanian dinar (JOD) -
Death rate 2.62 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 16.51 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $8 billion (2000 est.) $2.8 billion (2002)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador William J. BURNS

embassy:
Abdoum, Amman

mailing address:
P. O. Box 354, Amman 11118 Jordan; APO AE 09892-0200

telephone:
[962] (6) 5920101

FAX:
[962] (6) 5920121
chief of mission: Ambassador Terrence P. MCCULLEY


embassy: located just off the Roi Bin Fahad Aziz Bridge just west of the Bamako central district


mailing address: ACI 2000, Rue 243, Porte 297, Bamako


telephone: [223] 270-2300


FAX: [223] 270-2479
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Marwan Jamil MUASHER

chancery:
3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 966-2664

FAX:
[1] (202) 966-3110
chief of mission: Ambassador Abdoulaye DIOP


chancery: 2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950


FAX: [1] (202) 332-6603
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient ODA, $850 million (1996 est.) $691.5 million (2005)
Economy - overview Jordan is a small Arab country with inadequate supplies of water and other natural resources such as oil. The Persian Gulf crisis, which began in August 1990, aggravated Jordan's already serious economic problems, forcing the government to stop most debt payments and suspend rescheduling negotiations. Aid from Gulf Arab states, worker remittances, and trade revenues contracted. Refugees flooded the country, producing serious balance-of-payments problems, stunting GDP growth, and straining government resources. The economy rebounded in 1992, largely due to the influx of capital repatriated by workers returning from the Gulf. After averaging 9% in 1992-95, GDP growth averaged only 1.5% during 1996-99. In an attempt to spur growth, King ABDALLAH has undertaken limited economic reform, including partial privatization of some state-owned enterprises and Jordan's entry in January 2000 into the World Trade Organization (WTrO). Debt, poverty, and unemployment are fundamental ongoing economic problems. Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert and with a highly unequal distribution of income. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is heavily dependent on foreign aid and vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices for cotton, its main export, along with gold. The government has continued its successful implementation of an IMF-recommended structural adjustment program that is helping the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali's adherence to economic reform and the 50% devaluation of the CFA franc in January 1994 have pushed up economic growth to a 5% average in 1996-2007. Worker remittances and external trade routes for the landlocked country have been jeopardized by continued unrest in neighboring Cote d'Ivoire.
Electricity - consumption 6.594 billion kWh (1999) 412.9 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports 4 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh; note - recent hydropower developments may be providing electricity to Senegal and Mauritania (2005)
Electricity - imports 407 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production 6.657 billion kWh (1999) 444 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
99.79%

hydro:
0.21%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Dead Sea -408 m

highest point:
Jabal Ram 1,734 m
lowest point: Senegal River 23 m


highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m
Environment - current issues limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Arab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1% Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%
Exchange rates Jordanian dinars per US dollar - 0.7090 (1996-present )

note:
since May 1989, the Jordanian dinar has been pegged to a group of currencies
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 493.51 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003)
Executive branch chief of state:
King ABDALLAH II (since 7 February 1999); Crown Prince HAMZAH (half brother of the monarch, born 29 March 1980)

head of government:
Prime Minister Ali Abul RAGHEB (since 19 June 2000)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the monarch

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
chief of state: President Amadou Toumani TOURE (since 8 June 2002)


head of government: Prime Minister Modibo SIDIBE (since 28 September 2007)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 29 April 2007 (next to be held April in 2012); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Amadou Toumani TOURE reelected president; percent of vote - Amadou Toumani TOURE 71.2%, Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA 19.2%, other 9.6%
Exports $2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) 0 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities phosphates, fertilizers, potash, agricultural products, manufactures cotton, gold, livestock
Exports - partners India, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, EU, Indonesia, UAE, Lebanon, Kuwait, Syria, Ethiopia China 26.8%, Germany 24.9%, Thailand 7.1%, Taiwan 4.9%, Bangladesh 4% (2006)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of black (top, the Abbassid Caliphate of Islam), white (the Ummayyad Caliphate of Islam), and green (the Fatimid Caliphate of Islam) with a red isosceles triangle (representing the Great Arab Revolt of 1916) based on the hoist side bearing a small white seven-pointed star symbolizing the seven verses of the opening Sura (Al-Fatiha) of the Holy Koran; the seven points on the star represent faith in One God, humanity, national spirit, humility, social justice, virtue, and aspirations three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP purchasing power parity - $17.3 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
3%

industry:
25%

services:
72% (1998 est.)
agriculture: 45%


industry: 17%


services: 38% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,500 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 2% (2000 est.) 4.3% (2007 est.)
Geographic coordinates 31 00 N, 36 00 E 17 00 N, 4 00 W
Geography - note - landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan
Heliports 1 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
8,000 km

paved:
8,000 km

unpaved:
0 km (2000 est.)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.4%

highest 10%:
34.7% (1991)
lowest 10%: 2.4%


highest 10%: 30.2% (2001)
Imports $4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) 4,369 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities crude oil, machinery, transport equipment, food, live animals, manufactured goods petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles
Imports - partners Iraq, Germany, US, Japan, UK, Italy, Turkey, Malaysia, Syria, China France 12.8%, Senegal 12.2%, Cote d'Ivoire 10.5% (2006)
Independence 25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration) 22 September 1960 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 3.8% (2000 est.) NA%
Industries phosphate mining, petroleum refining, cement, potash, light manufacturing, tourism food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining
Infant mortality rate 20.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 105.65 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 115.29 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 95.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 0.7% (2000 est.) 4.5% (2002 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTAET, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 5 (2000) -
Irrigated land 630 sq km (1993 est.) 2,360 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Court of Cassation; Supreme Court (court of final appeal) Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force 1.15 million

note:
in addition, at least 300,000 workers are employed abroad (1997 est.)
3.93 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation industry 11.4%, commerce, restaurants, and hotels 10.5%, construction 10%, transport and communications 8.7%, agriculture 7.4%, other services 52% (1992) agriculture: 80%


industry and services: 20% (2001 est.)
Land boundaries total:
1,619 km

border countries:
Iraq 181 km, Israel 238 km, Saudi Arabia 728 km, Syria 375 km, West Bank 97 km
total: 7,243 km


border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km
Land use arable land:
4%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
9%

forests and woodland:
1%

other:
85% (1993 est.)
arable land: 3.76%


permanent crops: 0.03%


other: 96.21% (2005)
Languages Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper and middle classes French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
Legal system based on Islamic law and French codes; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-'Umma consists of the Senate (a 40-member body appointed by the monarch from designated categories of public figures; members serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives (80 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)

elections:
House of Representatives - last held 4 November 1997 (next to be held NA November 2001)

election results:
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - National Constitutional Party 2, Arab Land Party 1, independents 75, other 2

note:
the House of Representatives has been convened and dissolved by the monarch several times since 1974; in November 1989 the first parliamentary elections in 22 years were held
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 1 and 22 July 2007 (next to be held in July 2012)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ADP coalition 113 (including ADEMA 51, URD 34, MPR 8, CNID 7, UDD 3, and other 10), FDR coalition 15 (including RPM 11, PARENA 4), SADI 4, independent 15
Life expectancy at birth total population:
77.53 years

male:
75.1 years

female:
80.12 years (2001 est.)
total population: 49.51 years


male: 47.6 years


female: 51.46 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
86.6%

male:
93.4%

female:
79.4% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 46.4%


male: 53.5%


female: 39.6% (2003 est.)
Location Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia Western Africa, southwest of Algeria
Map references Middle East Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea:
3 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 40,919 GRT/57,777 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 1, cargo 3, container 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
-
Military branches Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF; includes Royal Jordanian Land Force, Royal Naval Force, and Royal Jordanian Air Force); Ministry of the Interior's Public Security Force (falls under JAF only in wartime or crisis situations) Malian Armed Forces: Army, Republic of Mali Air Force (Force Aerienne de la Republique du Mali, FARM), National Guard (2007)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $608.9 million (FY98/99) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 7.8% (FY98/99) 1.9% (2006)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,458,571 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,034,109 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
57,131 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 25 May (1946) Independence Day, 22 September (1960)
Nationality noun:
Jordanian(s)

adjective:
Jordanian
noun: Malian(s)


adjective: Malian
Natural hazards droughts hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding
Natural resources phosphates, potash, shale oil gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower


note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited
Net migration rate 7.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -6.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 209 km; note - may not be in use -
Political parties and leaders Al-Umma (Nation) Party [Ahmad al-HANANDEH, secretary general]; Arab Land Party [Dr. Muhammad al-'ORAN, secretary general]; Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party [Sa'eed THIYAB, secretary general]; National Constitutional Party [Abdul Hadi MAJALI, secretary general] Alliance for Democratic Change (political group comprised mainly of Tuareg from Mali's northern region); African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO, secretary general]; Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP (a coalition of political parties including ADEMA and URD formed in December 2006 to support the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE); Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE]; Convergence 2007 [Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA]; Front for Democracy and the Republic or FDR (a coalition of political parties including RPM and PARENA formed to oppose the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE); National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME]; Patriotic Movement for Renewal or MPR [Choguel MAIGA]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou TOURE]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]; Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Soumaila CISSE]
Political pressure groups and leaders Council of Professional Association Presidents [Ahmad al-QADIRI, chairman]; Jordanian Press Association [Sayf al-SHARIF, president]; Muslim Brotherhood [Abd-al-Majid DHUNAYBAT, secretary general] -
Population 5,153,378 (July 2001 est.) 11,995,402 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line 30% (1998 est.) 64% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 3% (2001 est.) 2.681% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors Al 'Aqabah -
Radio broadcast stations AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1999) AM 1, FM 230 (27 regional and government stations, and 203 private stations), shortwave 1 (2001)
Radios 1.66 million (1997) -
Railways total:
677 km

narrow gauge:
677 km 1.050-m gauge (2000)
total: 729 km


narrow gauge: 729 km 1.000-m gauge (2006)
Religions Sunni Muslim 92%, Christian 6% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek Catholics, Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), other 2% (several small Shi'a Muslim and Druze populations) (2000 est.) Muslim 90%, Christian 1%, indigenous beliefs 9%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.14 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.98 male(s)/female

total population:
1.1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.024 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.977 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female


total population: 0.988 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 20 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
service has improved recently with the increased use of digital switching equipment, but better access to the telephone system is needed in the rural areas and easier access to pay telephones is needed by the urban public

domestic:
microwave radio relay transmission and coaxial and fiber-optic cable are employed on trunk lines; considerable use is made of mobile cellular systems; Internet service is available

international:
satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat, 1 Arabsat, and 29 land and maritime Inmarsat terminals; fiber-optic cable to Saudi Arabia and microwave radio relay link with Egypt and Syria; connection to international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe); participant in MEDARABTEL; international links total about 4,000
general assessment: domestic system unreliable but improving; provides only minimal service


domestic: fixed-line availability is gradually increasing, but subscribership remains less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has increased sharply to 13 per 100 persons


international: country code - 223; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 403,000 (1997) 82,500 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular 11,500 (1995) 1.513 million (2006)
Television broadcast stations 20 (plus 96 repeaters) (1995) 2 (plus repeaters) (2007)
Terrain mostly desert plateau in east, highland area in west; Great Rift Valley separates East and West Banks of the Jordan River mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast
Total fertility rate 3.29 children born/woman (2001 est.) 7.38 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate 15% official rate; actual rate is 25%-30% (1999 est.) 14.6% (2001 est.)
Waterways none 1,800 km (2007)
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