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Compare Jamaica (2003) - Haiti (2001)

Compare Jamaica (2003) z Haiti (2001)

 Jamaica (2003)Haiti (2001)
 JamaicaHaiti
Administrative divisions 14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland 9 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est
Age structure 0-14 years: 28.6% (male 395,074; female 376,870)


15-64 years: 64.5% (male 870,486; female 869,431)


65 years and over: 6.8% (male 82,022; female 101,984) (2003 est.)
0-14 years:
40.31% (male 1,421,945; female 1,385,580)

15-64 years:
55.52% (male 1,869,323; female 1,997,246)

65 years and over:
4.17% (male 140,556; female 149,899) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, potatoes, vegetables; poultry, goats, milk coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood
Airports 35 (2002) 13 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 11


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 5 (2002)
total:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 24


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 22 (2002)
total:
10

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
8 (2000 est.)
Area total: 10,991 sq km


land: 10,831 sq km


water: 160 sq km
total:
27,750 sq km

land:
27,560 sq km

water:
190 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Connecticut slightly smaller than Maryland
Background Jamaica gained full independence within the British Commonwealth in 1962. Deteriorating economic conditions during the 1970s led to recurrent violence and a dropoff in tourism. Elections in 1980 saw the democratic socialists voted out of office. Subsequent governments have been open market oriented. Political violence marred elections during the 1990s. One of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti has been plagued by political violence for most of its history. Over three decades of dictatorship followed by military rule ended in 1990 when Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE was elected president. Most of his term was usurped by a military takeover, but he was able to return to office in 1994 and oversee the installation of a close associate to the presidency in 1996. ARISTIDE won a second term as president in 2000, and took office early the following year.
Birth rate 17.35 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 31.68 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $2.23 billion


expenditures: $2.56 billion, including capital expenditures of $232.5 million (FY 99/00 est.)
revenues:
$317 million

expenditures:
$362 million, including capital expenditures of $84 million (FY99/00 est.)
Capital Kingston Port-au-Prince
Climate tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds
Coastline 1,022 km 1,771 km
Constitution 6 August 1962 approved March 1987; suspended June 1988, with most articles reinstated March 1989; in October 1991, government claimed to be observing the constitution; return to constitutional rule, October 1994
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Jamaica
conventional long form:
Republic of Haiti

conventional short form:
Haiti

local long form:
Republique d'Haiti

local short form:
Haiti
Currency Jamaican dollar (JMD) gourde (HTG)
Death rate 5.42 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 15 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $5.3 billion (2002 est.) $1 billion (1998 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Sue McCourt COBB


embassy: Jamaica Mutual Life Center, 2 Oxford Road, 3rd floor, Kingston 5


mailing address: use embassy street address


telephone: [1] (876) 929-4850 through 4859


FAX: [1] (876) 935-6001
chief of mission:
Ambassador Brian Dean CURRAN

embassy:
5 Harry Truman Boulevard, Port-au-Prince

mailing address:
P. O. Box 1761, Port-au-Prince

telephone:
[509] 222-0354, 222-0269, 222-0200, 223-4776

FAX:
[509] 23-1641
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Seymour MULLINGS


chancery: 1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 452-0660


FAX: [1] (202) 452-0081


consulate(s) general: Miami and New York
chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Louis Harold JOSEPH

chancery:
2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 332-4090

FAX:
[1] (202) 745-7215

consulate(s) general:
Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
Disputes - international none claims US-administered Navassa Island
Economic aid - recipient NA $730.6 million (1995)
Economy - overview The economy, which depends heavily on tourism and bauxite, has been stagnant since 1995. After five years of recession, the economy inched ahead, by 0.8% in 2000, 1.7% in 2001, and 0.8% in 2002; the global economic slowdown, particularly in the United States after the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, has stunted the economic recovery. Serious problems include: high interest rates; increased foreign competition; a pressured, sometimes sliding, exchange rate; a widening merchandise trade deficit; and a growing internal debt, the result of government bailouts to various ailing sectors of the economy, particularly the financial sector. Depressed economic conditions have led to increased civil unrest, including serious violent crime. Jamaica's medium-term prospects will depend upon encouraging investment and tourism, maintaining a competitive exchange rate, selling off reacquired firms, and implementing proper fiscal and monetary policies. About 80% of the population lives in abject poverty. Nearly 70% of all Haitians depend on the agriculture sector, which consists mainly of small-scale subsistence farming and employs about two-thirds of the economically active work force. The country has experienced little job creation since the former President PREVAL took office in February 1996, although the informal economy is growing. Following legislative elections in May 2000, fraught with irregularities, international donors - including the US and EU - suspended almost all aid to Haiti. This destabilized the Haitian currency, the gourde, and, combined with a 40% fuel price hike in September, caused widespread price increases. Prices appear to have leveled off in January 2001.
Electricity - consumption 5.833 billion kWh (2001) 625 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 6.272 billion kWh (2001) 672 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 96.8%


hydro: 1.8%


nuclear: 0%


other: 1.5% (2001)
fossil fuel:
52.83%

hydro:
47.17%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m
lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m
Environment - current issues heavy rates of deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air pollution in Kingston results from vehicle emissions extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups black 90.9%, East Indian 1.3%, white 0.2%, Chinese 0.2%, mixed 7.3%, other 0.1% black 95%, mulatto and white 5%
Exchange rates Jamaican dollars per US dollar - 48.42 (2002), 46 (2001), 42.7 (2000), 39.04 (1999), 36.55 (1998) gourdes per US dollar - 23.761 (January 2001), 22.524 (2000), 17.965 (1999), 16.505 (1998), 17.311 (1997), 15.093 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Howard Felix COOKE (since 1 August 1991)


head of government: Prime Minister Percival James PATTERSON (since 30 March 1992)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Representatives is appointed prime minister by the governor general; the deputy prime minister is recommended by the prime minister
chief of state:
President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE (since 7 February 2001)

head of government:
Prime Minister Jean-Marie CHERESTAL (since 9 February 2001)

cabinet:
Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the Congress

election results:
Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE elected president; percent of vote - Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 92%
Exports NA (2001) $186 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities alumina, bauxite; sugar, bananas, rum manufactures, coffee, oils, mangoes
Exports - partners US 28.1%, Canada 12.2%, Norway 10.7%, UK 10.5%, Germany 7%, Netherlands 5.6% (2002) US 89%, EU 8% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March 1 October - 30 September
Flag description diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and outer side) two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength)
GDP purchasing power parity - $10.08 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $12.7 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 6%


industry: 31%


services: 63% (2002 est.)
agriculture:
32%

industry:
20%

services:
48% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,800 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,800 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1% (2002 est.) 1.2% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 18 15 N, 77 30 W 19 00 N, 72 25 W
Geography - note strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel, the main sea lanes for the Panama Canal shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)
Highways total: 18,700 km


paved: 13,109 km


unpaved: 5,591 km (1999 est.)
total:
4,160 km

paved:
1,011 km

unpaved:
3,149 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2.7%


highest 10%: 30.3% (2000)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs major transshipment point for cocaine from South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis; government has an active manual cannabis eradication program; corruption is a major concern; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Jamaica for illicit financial transactions major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; vulnerable to money laundering
Imports NA (2001) $1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1999)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, fuel, food, chemicals, fertilizers food, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials
Imports - partners US 45%, Trinidad and Tobago 11%, Japan 4.7% (2002) US 60%, EU 13% (1999)
Independence 6 August 1962 (from UK) 1 January 1804 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate -2% (2000 est.) 0.6% (1997 est.)
Industries tourism, bauxite, textiles, food processing, light manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, tourism, light assembly industries based on imported parts
Infant mortality rate total: 13.26 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 14.3 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 12.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
95.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 7% (2002 est.) 19% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, Caricom (observer), CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 21 (2000) 3 (2000)
Irrigated land 250 sq km (1998 est.) 750 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation
Labor force 1.13 million (1998) 3.6 million (1995)

note:
shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1998)
Labor force - by occupation services 60%, agriculture 21%, industry 19% (1998) agriculture 66%, services 25%, industry 9%
Land boundaries 0 km total:
275 km

border countries:
Dominican Republic 275 km
Land use arable land: 16.07%


permanent crops: 9.23%


other: 74.7% (1998 est.)
arable land:
20%

permanent crops:
13%

permanent pastures:
18%

forests and woodland:
5%

other:
44% (1993 est.)
Languages English, patois English French (official), Creole (official)
Legal system based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 21-member body appointed by the governor general on the recommendations of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; ruling party is allocated 13 seats, and the opposition is allocated eight seats) and the House of Representatives (60 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 16 October 2002 (next to be held NA October 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - PNP 52%, JLP 47.3%; seats by party - PNP 34, JLP 26
bicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale consists of the Senate (27 seats; members serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies (83 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
Senate - last held for two-thirds of seats 21 May 2000, with runoffs on 9 July boycotted by the opposition; about eight seats still disputed; election for remaining one-third held on 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); Chamber of Deputies - last held 21 May 2000, with runoffs on 30 July boycotted by the opposition; one vacant seat rerun 26 November 2000 (next election NA 2004)

election results:
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 26, independent 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 73, OPL 1, other minor parties and independents 9
Life expectancy at birth total population: 75.85 years


male: 73.84 years


female: 77.97 years (2003 est.)
total population:
49.38 years

male:
47.67 years

female:
51.17 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school


total population: 87.9%


male: 84.1%


female: 91.6% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
45%

male:
48%

female:
42.2% (1995 est.)
Location Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200 NM or to edge of the continental margin


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
to depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 50,536 GRT/62,868 DWT


ships by type: bulk 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2, short-sea passenger 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Latvia 2, US 2 (2002 est.)
none (2000 est.)
Military branches Jamaica Defense Force (including Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Wing), Jamaica Constabulary Force Haitian National Police (HNP)

note:
the regular Haitian Army, Navy, and Air Force have been demobilized but still exist on paper until constitutionally abolished
Military expenditures - dollar figure $30 million (FY95/96 est.) $NA; note - mainly for police and security activities
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% NA%
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 755,698 (2003 est.) males age 15-49:
1,635,253 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 528,689 (2003 est.) males age 15-49:
888,305 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2003 est.) 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 27,398 (2003 est.) males:
87,049 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, first Monday in August (1962) Independence Day, 1 January (1804)
Nationality noun: Jamaican(s)


adjective: Jamaican
noun:
Haitian(s)

adjective:
Haitian
Natural hazards hurricanes (especially July to November) lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts
Natural resources bauxite, gypsum, limestone bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower
Net migration rate -5.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -2.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines petroleum products 10 km -
Political parties and leaders Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Edward SEAGA]; National Democratic Movement or NDM [Bruce GOLDING]; People's National Party or PNP [Percival James PATTERSON] Alliance for the Liberation and Advancement of Haiti or ALAH [Reynold GEORGES]; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Convergence (opposition coalition composed of ESPACE, OPL, and MOCHRENA) [Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES, Evans PAUL, Luc MESADIEU, Victor BENOIT]; Democratic Consultation Group coalition or ESPACE [Evans PAUL, Victor Benoit] composed of the following parties: National Congress of Democratic Movements or KONAKOM, National Progressive Revolutionary Party or PANPRA, Generation 2004, and Haiti Can; Haitian Christian Democratic Party or PDCH [Marie-France CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic Party or PADEM [Clark PARENT]; Lavalas Family or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert DE RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN [Rene THEODORE]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy in Haiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; Movement for the Organization of the Country or MOP [Gesner COMEAU and Jean MOLIERE]; National Front for Change and Democracy or FNCD [Evans PAUL and Turneb DELPE]; New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES]
Political pressure groups and leaders New Beginnings Movement or NBM; Rastafarians (black religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists) Autonomous Haitian Workers or CATH; Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH; Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS; National Popular Assembly or APN; Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP; Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP; Roman Catholic Church
Population 2,695,867 (July 2003 est.) 6,964,549

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 34.2% (1992 est.) 80% (1998 est.)
Population growth rate 0.61% (2003 est.) 1.4% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Alligator Pond, Discovery Bay, Kingston, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, Port Antonio, Rocky Point, Port Esquivel (Longswharf) Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Jeremie, Les Cayes, Miragoane, Port-au-Prince, Port-de-Paix, Saint-Marc
Radio broadcast stations AM 10, FM 13, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 41, FM 26, shortwave 0 (1999)
Radios - 415,000 (1997)
Railways total: 272 km


standard gauge: 272 km 1.435-m gauge; note - 207 km, belonging to the Jamaica Railway Corporation, were in common carrier service but are no longer operational; the remaining track is privately owned and used to transport bauxite (2002)
total:
40 km (single track; privately owned industrial line) - closed in early 1990s

narrow gauge:
40 km 0.760-m gauge
Religions Protestant 61.3% (Church of God 21.2%, Baptist 8.8%, Anglican 5.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 9%, Pentecostal 7.6%, Methodist 2.7%, United Church 2.7%, Brethren 1.1%, Jehovah's Witness 1.6%, Moravian 1.1%), Roman Catholic 4%, other, including some spiritual cults 34.7% Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3% (1982)

note:
roughly one-half of the population also practices Voodoo
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.94 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.94 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: fully automatic domestic telephone network


domestic: NA


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); 3 coaxial submarine cables
general assessment:
domestic facilities barely adequate; international facilities slightly better

domestic:
coaxial cable and microwave radio relay trunk service

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 353,000 (1996) 60,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 54,640 (1996) 0 (1995)
Television broadcast stations 7 (1997) 2 (plus a cable TV service) (1997)
Terrain mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain mostly rough and mountainous
Total fertility rate 2.01 children born/woman (2003 est.) 4.4 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 15.4% (2002 est.) widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (1999)
Waterways none NEGL; less than 100 km navigable
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