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Compare Indonesia (2001) - Nauru (2001)

Compare Indonesia (2001) z Nauru (2001)

 Indonesia (2001)Nauru (2001)
 IndonesiaNauru
Administrative divisions 27 provinces (propinsi-propinsi, singular - propinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Irian Jaya, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Riau, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Yogyakarta*; note - the province of Irian Jaya may have been divided into two new provinces - Central Irian Jaya and West Irian Jaya; with the implementation of decentralization on 1 January 2001, the 357 districts (regencies) may become the key administrative units

note:
following the 30 August 1999 provincial referendum for independence which was overwhelmingly approved by the people of Timor Timur and the October 1999 concurrence of Indonesia's national legislature, the name East Timor was adopted as a provisional name for the political entity formerly known as Propinsi Timor Timur; East Timor is under UN administration pending its formal independence
14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren
Age structure 0-14 years:
30.26% (male 35,144,702; female 33,973,879)

15-64 years:
65.11% (male 74,273,519; female 74,458,291)

65 years and over:
4.63% (male 4,641,816; female 5,945,663) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
40.33% (male 2,510; female 2,365)

15-64 years:
57.97% (male 3,475; female 3,533)

65 years and over:
1.7% (male 103; female 102) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs coconuts
Airports 453 (2000 est.) 1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
136

over 3,047 m:
4

2,438 to 3,047 m:
12

1,524 to 2,437 m:
39

914 to 1,523 m:
44

under 914 m:
37 (2000 est.)
total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
317

1,524 to 2,437 m:
6

914 to 1,523 m:
28

under 914 m:
283 (2000 est.)
-
Area total:
1,919,440 sq km

land:
1,826,440 sq km

water:
93,000 sq km
total:
21 sq km

land:
21 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than three times the size of Texas about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background The world's largest archipelago, Indonesia achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1949. Current issues include: implementing IMF-mandated reforms of the banking sector, effecting a transition to a popularly elected government after four decades of authoritarianism, addressing charges of cronyism and corruption, holding the military accountable for human rights violations, and resolving growing separatist pressures in Aceh and Irian Jaya. On 30 August 1999 a provincial referendum for independence was overwhelmingly approved by the people of Timor Timur. Concurrence followed by Indonesia's national legislature, and the name East Timor was provisionally adopted. The independent status of East Timor - now under UN administration - has yet to be formally established. Nauru's phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium; the island was occupied by Australian forces in World War I. Upon achieving independence in 1968, Nauru became the smallest independent republic in the world; it joined the UN in 1999.
Birth rate 22.26 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 27.22 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$26 billion

expenditures:
$30 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues:
$23.4 million

expenditures:
$64.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY95/96)
Capital Jakarta no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
Climate tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February)
Coastline 54,716 km 30 km
Constitution August 1945, abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959 29 January 1968
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Indonesia

conventional short form:
Indonesia

local long form:
Republik Indonesia

local short form:
Indonesia

former:
Netherlands East Indies; Dutch East Indies
conventional long form:
Republic of Nauru

conventional short form:
Nauru

former:
Pleasant Island
Currency Indonesian rupiah (IDR) Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate 6.3 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 7.2 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $144 billion (2000 est.) $33.3 million
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Robert GELBARD

embassy:
Jalan Merdeka Selatan 4-5, Jakarta 10110

mailing address:
Unit 8129, Box 1, APO AP 96520

telephone:
[62] (21) 3435-9000

FAX:
[62] (21) 3435-9922

consulate(s) general:
Surabaya
the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador DORODJATUN Kuntjoro-Jakti

chancery:
2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 775-5200

FAX:
[1] (202) 775-5365

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco
Nauru does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a UN office at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, New York 10017; telephone: (212) 937-0074

consulate(s):
Hagatna (Guam)
Disputes - international Sipadan and Ligitan Islands in dispute with Malaysia none
Economic aid - recipient $43 billion from IMF program and other official external financing (1997-2000) $2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.)
Economy - overview Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, faces severe economic problems, stemming from secessionist movements and the low level of security in the regions, the lack of reliable legal recourse in contract disputes, corruption, weaknesses in the banking system, and strained relations with the IMF. Investor confidence will remain low and few new jobs will be created under these circumstances. Growth of 4.8% in 2000 is not sustainable, being attributable to favorable short-term factors, including high world oil prices, a surge in nonoil exports, and increased domestic demand for consumer durables. Revenues of this tiny island have come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are expected to be exhausted within five to ten years. Phosphate production has declined since 1989, as demand has fallen in traditional markets and as the marginal cost of extracting the remaining phosphate increases, making it less internationally competitive. While phosphates have given Nauruans one of the highest per capita incomes in the Third World, few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, including fresh water from Australia. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income have been invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. The government has been borrowing heavily from the trusts to finance fiscal deficits. To cut costs the government has called for a freezing of wages, a reduction of over-staffed public service departments, privatization of numerous government agencies, and closure of some overseas consulates. In recent years Nauru has encouraged the registration of offshore banks and corporations. Tens of billions of dollars have been channeled through their accounts. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's per capita GDP varying widely.
Electricity - consumption 73.167 billion kWh (1999) 27.9 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 78.674 billion kWh (1999) 30 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
80.36%

hydro:
14.63%

nuclear:
0%

other:
5.01% (1999)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Puncak Jaya 5,030 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays 7.5%, other 26% Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%
Exchange rates Indonesian rupiahs per US dollar - 10,000 (January 2001), 8,421.8 (2000), 7,855.2 (1999), 10,013.6 (1998), 2,909.4 (1997), 2,342.3 (1996) Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Abdurrahman WAHID (since 20 October 1999) and Vice President MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri (since 21 October 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Abdurrahman WAHID (since 20 October 1999) and Vice President MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri (since 21 October 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president

elections:
president and vice president elected separately by the 700-member People's Consultative Assembly or MPR for five-year terms; election last held 20 and 21 October 1999 (next to be held by NA 2004)

election results:
Abdurrahman WAHID elected president, receiving 373 votes to 313 votes for MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri; MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri elected vice president, defeating Hamzah HAZ; vote totals NA

note:
the People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR) includes the House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR) plus 200 indirectly selected members; it meets every five years to elect the president and vice president and to approve the broad outlines of national policy
chief of state:
President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 19 April 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 19 April 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament

elections:
president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 8 April 2000 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results:
Bernard DOWIYOGO elected president by a vote in Parliament of nine to eight

note:
former President Rene HARRIS was deposed in a no-confidence vote; this is the eighth change of government in Nauru since the fall of the Lagumont HARRIS government in a no-confidence motion in early November 1996; six of the last eight governments have resulted because of parliamentary no-confidence motions
Exports $64.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $25.3 million (f.o.b., 1991)
Exports - commodities oil and gas, plywood, textiles, rubber phosphates
Exports - partners Japan 21%, US 14%, Singapore 10%, South Korea 7%, Netherlands 3%, Australia 3%, Hong Kong, China, Taiwan (1999 est.) Australia, NZ
Fiscal year calendar year; note - previously was 1 April - 31 March, but starting with 2001, has been changed to calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru
GDP purchasing power parity - $654 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $59 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
21%

industry:
35%

services:
44% (1999 est.)
agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,900 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.8% (2000 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 5 00 S, 120 00 E 0 32 S, 166 55 E
Geography - note archipelago of 17,000 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles Equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator
Heliports 4 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
342,700 km

paved:
158,670 km

unpaved:
184,030 km (1997)
total:
30 km

paved:
24 km

unpaved:
6 km (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3.6%

highest 10%:
30.3% (1996)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use; possible growing role as transshipment point for Golden Triangle heroin -
Imports $40.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.) $21.1 million (c.i.f., 1991)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment; chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery
Imports - partners Japan 12%, US 12%, Singapore 10%, Germany 6%, Australia 6%, South Korea 6%, Taiwan, China (1999 est.) Australia, UK, NZ, Japan
Independence 17 August 1945 (proclaimed independence; on 27 December 1949, Indonesia became legally independent from the Netherlands) 31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 7.5% (2000 est.) NA%
Industries petroleum and natural gas; textiles, apparel, and footwear; mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood; rubber; food; tourism phosphate mining, financial services, coconut products
Infant mortality rate 40.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 10.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 9% (2000 est.) -3.6% (1993)
International organization participation APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, ICAO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 24 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 45,970 sq km (1993 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the president from a list of candidates approved by the legislature) Supreme Court
Labor force 99 million (1999) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 45%, industry 16%, services 39% (1999 est.) employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation
Land boundaries total:
2,602 km

border countries:
Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
10%

permanent crops:
7%

permanent pastures:
7%

forests and woodland:
62%

other:
14% (1993 est.)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (1993 est.)
Languages Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes
Legal system based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law
Legislative branch unicameral House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) (500 seats; 462 elected by popular vote, 38 are appointed military representatives; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 7 June 1999 (next to be held NA June 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PDI-P 37.4%, Golkar 20.9%, PKB 17.4%, PPP 10.7%, PAN 7.3%, PBB 1.8%, other 4.5%; seats by party - PDI-P 154, Golkar 120, PPP 58, PKB 51, PAN 35, PBB 14, other 30
unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2003)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 18
Life expectancy at birth total population:
68.27 years

male:
65.9 years

female:
70.75 years (2001 est.)
total population:
61.2 years

male:
57.7 years

female:
64.88 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
83.8%

male:
89.6%

female:
78% (1995 est.)
definition:
NA

total population:
NA%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands
Map references Southeast Asia Oceania
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total:
609 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,698,157 GRT/3,723,933 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 36, cargo 357, chemical tanker 10, container 25, liquefied gas 3, livestock carrier 1, passenger 7, passenger/cargo 14, petroleum tanker 117, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 15, short-sea passenger 8, specialized tanker 10, vehicle carrier 5 (2000 est.)
none (2000 est.)
Military - note - Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines

note:
as of 1 July 2000, the National Police became an independent organization that reports directly to the president
no regular armed forces; Directorate of the Nauru Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1 billion (FY98/99) $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.3% (FY98/99) NA%
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
64,046,049 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
3,018 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
37,418,755 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
1,661 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
2,263,706 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 17 August (1945) Independence Day, 31 January (1968)
Nationality noun:
Indonesian(s)

adjective:
Indonesian
noun:
Nauruan(s)

adjective:
Nauruan
Natural hazards occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes periodic droughts
Natural resources petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver phosphates
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 2,505 km; petroleum products 456 km; natural gas 1,703 km (1989) -
Political parties and leaders Crescent Moon and Star Party or PBB [Yusril Ihza MAHENDRA, chairman]; Development Unity Party or PPP (federation of former Islamic parties) [Hamzah HAZ, chairman]; Federation of Functional Groups or Golkar [Akbar TANJUNG, general chairman]; Indonesia Democracy Party or PDI (federation of former Nationalist and Christian Parties) [Budi HARDJONO, chairman]; Indonesia Democracy Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri, chairperson]; National Awakening Party or PKB [Matori Abdul DJALIL, chairman]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Amien RAIS, chairman] loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal) [Bernard DOWIYOGO]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 228,437,870 (July 2001 est.) 12,088 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 20% (1998) NA%
Population growth rate 1.6% (2001 est.) 2% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta, Kupang, Makassar, Palembang, Semarang, Surabaya Nauru
Radio broadcast stations AM 678, FM 43, shortwave 82 (1998) AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 31.5 million (1997) 7,000 (1997)
Railways total:
6,458 km

narrow gauge:
5,961 km 1.067-m gauge (101 km electrified; 101 km double track); 497 km 0.750-m gauge (1995)
total:
5 km; note - used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast
Religions Muslim 88%, Protestant 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist 1%, other 1% (1998) Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.78 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.01 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age 20 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment:
domestic service fair, international service good

domestic:
interisland microwave system and HF radio police net; domestic satellite communications system

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)
general assessment:
adequate local and international radiotelephone communications provided via Australian facilities

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 5,588,310 (1998) 2,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1.07 million (1998) 450 (1994)
Television broadcast stations 41 (1999) 1 (1997)
Terrain mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
Total fertility rate 2.58 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.61 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 15%-20% (1998 est.) 0%
Waterways 21,579 km total

note:
Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460 km, Sulawesi (Celebes) 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km
none
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