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Compare Hungary (2001) - Macedonia (2005)

Compare Hungary (2001) z Macedonia (2005)

 Hungary (2001)Macedonia (2005)
 HungaryMacedonia
Administrative divisions 19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 20 urban counties* (singular - megyei varos), and 1 capital city** (fovaros); Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Bekescsaba*, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Budapest**, Csongrad, Debrecen*, Dunaujvaros*, Eger*, Fejer, Gyor*, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Hodmezovasarhely*, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Kaposvar*, Kecskemet*, Komarom-Esztergom, Miskolc*, Nagykanizsa*, Nograd, Nyiregyhaza*, Pecs*, Pest, Somogy, Sopron*, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Szeged*, Szekesfehervar*, Szolnok*, Szombathely*, Tatabanya*, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Veszprem*, Zala, Zalaegerszeg* 85 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina); Aerodrom (Skopje), Aracinovo, Berovo, Bitola, Bogdanci, Bogovinje, Bosilovo, Brvenica, Butel (Skopje), Cair (Skopje), Caska, Centar (Skopje), Centar Zupa, Cesinovo, Cucer-Sandevo, Debar, Debartsa, Delcevo, Demir Hisar, Demir Kapija, Dojran, Dolneni, Drugovo, Gazi Baba (Skopje), Gevgelija, Gjorce Petrov (Skopje), Gostivar, Gradsko, Ilinden, Jegunovce, Karbinci, Karpos (Skopje), Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kisela Voda (Skopje), Kocani, Konce, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krivogastani, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Lipkovo, Lozovo, Makedonska Kamenica, Makedonski Brod, Mavrovo i Rastusa, Mogila, Negotino, Novaci, Novo Selo, Ohrid, Oslomej, Pehcevo, Petrovec, Plasnica, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Rankovce, Resen, Rosoman, Saraj (Skopje), Skopje, Sopiste, Staro Nagoricane, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Studenicani, Suto Orizari (Skopje), Sveti Nikole, Tearce, Tetovo, Valandovo, Vasilevo, Veles, Vevcani, Vinica, Vranestica, Vrapciste, Zajas, Zelenikovo, Zelino, Zrnovci


note: the ten municipalities followed by Skopje in parentheses collectively constitute "greater Skopje"
Age structure 0-14 years:
16.63% (male 862,468; female 818,052)

15-64 years:
68.66% (male 3,406,717; female 3,532,008)

65 years and over:
14.71% (male 546,992; female 939,780) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 20.5% (male 217,057/female 202,465)


15-64 years: 68.7% (male 707,489/female 697,150)


65 years and over: 10.8% (male 97,117/female 123,984) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products wheat, grapes, rice, tobacco, corn, millet, cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus, vegetables; beef, pork, poultry, mutton
Airports 43 (2000 est.) 17 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
16

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
8

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 10


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
27

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
8 (2000 est.)
total: 7


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Area total:
93,030 sq km

land:
92,340 sq km

water:
690 sq km
total: 25,333 sq km


land: 24,856 sq km


water: 477 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Indiana slightly larger than Vermont
Background Hungary was part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. In the more open GORBACHEV years, Hungary led the movement to dissolve the Warsaw Pact and steadily shifted toward multiparty democracy and a market-oriented economy. Following the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Hungary developed close political and economic ties to Western Europe. It joined NATO in 1999 and is a frontrunner in a future expansion of the EU. International recognition of Macedonia's independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 was delayed by Greece's objection to the new state's use of what it considered a Hellenic name and symbols. Greece finally lifted its trade blockade in 1995 and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, although differences over Macedonia's name remain. The undetermined status of neighboring Kosovo, implementation of the Framework Agreement - which ended the 2001 ethnic Albanian armed insurgency - and a weak economy continue to be challenges for Macedonia.
Birth rate 9.32 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 12 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues:
$13 billion

expenditures:
$14.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $1.198 billion


expenditures: $1.245 billion, including capital expenditures of $114 million (2004 est.)
Capital Budapest Skopje
Climate temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers warm, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949, revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial system adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991; amended November 2001 by a series of new constitutional amendments strengthening minority rights
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Hungary

conventional short form:
Hungary

local long form:
Magyar Koztarsasag

local short form:
Magyarorszag
conventional long form: Republic of Macedonia


conventional short form: Macedonia; note - the provisional designation used by the UN, EU, and NATO is Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)


local long form: Republika Makedonija


local short form: Makedonija


former: People's Republic of Macedonia, Socialist Republic of Macedonia
Currency forint (HUF) -
Death rate 13.21 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 8.73 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $29.6 billion (2000) $1.863 billion (2004 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Peter F. TUFO

embassy:
Szabadsag Ter 12, H.-1054 Budapest

mailing address:
pouch: American Embassy Budapest, 5270 Budapest Place, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270

telephone:
[36] (1) 475-4400, 475-4703 (after hours)

FAX:
[36] (1) 475-4764
chief of mission: Ambassador Lawrence Edward BUTLER


embassy: Bul. Ilindenska bb, 1000 Skopje


mailing address: American Embassy Skopje, Department of State, 7120 Skopje Place, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch)


telephone: [389] 2 311-6180


FAX: [389] 2 311-7103
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Geza JESZENSZKY

chancery:
3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 362-6730

FAX:
[1] (202) 966-8135

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles and New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Nikola DIMITROV


chancery: Suite 302, 1101 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007


telephone: [1] (202) 337-3063


FAX: [1] (202) 337-3093


consulate(s) general: Southfield (Michigan)
Disputes - international Gabcikovo/Nagymaros Dam dispute with Slovakia is before the ICJ ethnic Albanians in Kosovo object to demarcation of the boundary with Macedonia in accordance with the 2000 Macedonia-Serbia and Montenegro delimitation agreement; Greece continues to reject the use of the name Macedonia or Republic of Macedonia
Economic aid - recipient $122.7 million (1995) $250 million (2003 est.)
Economy - overview Hungary continues to demonstrate strong economic growth and to work toward accession to the European Union. The private sector accounts for over 80% of GDP. Foreign ownership of and investment in Hungarian firms is widespread, with cumulative foreign direct investment totaling $23 billion by 2000. Hungarian sovereign debt was upgraded in 2000 to the second-highest rating among all the Central European transition economies. Inflation - a top economic concern in 2000 - is still high at almost 10%, pushed upward by higher world oil and gas and domestic food prices. Economic reform measures such as health care reform, tax reform, and local government financing have not yet been addressed by the ORBAN government. At independence in September 1991, Macedonia was the least developed of the Yugoslav republics, producing a mere 5% of the total federal output of goods and services. The collapse of Yugoslavia ended transfer payments from the center and eliminated advantages from inclusion in a de facto free trade area. An absence of infrastructure, UN sanctions on the down-sized Yugoslavia, one of its largest markets, and a Greek economic embargo over a dispute about the country's constitutional name and flag hindered economic growth until 1996. GDP subsequently rose each year through 2000. However, the leadership's commitment to economic reform, free trade, and regional integration was undermined by the ethnic Albanian insurgency of 2001. The economy shrank 4.5% because of decreased trade, intermittent border closures, increased deficit spending on security needs, and investor uncertainty. Growth barely recovered in 2002 to 0.9%, then rose by a moderate 3.4% in 2003, and is estimated at 1.3% in 2004. Unemployment at one-third of the workforce remains a critical economic problem. Much of the extensive grey market activity falls outside official statistics.
Electricity - consumption 35.234 billion kWh (1999) 7.216 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports 2.35 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports 3.406 billion kWh (1999) 953 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - production 36.75 billion kWh (1999) 6.273 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
61.09%

hydro:
0.51%

nuclear:
38.4%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Tisza River 78 m

highest point:
Kekes 1,014 m
lowest point: Vardar River 50 m


highest point: Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,764 m
Environment - current issues the approximation of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution with environmental requirements for EU accession will require large investments air pollution from metallurgical plants
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Hungarian 89.9%, Roma 4%, German 2.6%, Serb 2%, Slovak 0.8%, Romanian 0.7% Macedonian 64.2%, Albanian 25.2%, Turkish 3.9%, Roma 2.7%, Serb 1.8%, other 2.2% (2002 census)
Exchange rates forints per US dollar - 282.240 (January 2001), 282.179 (2000), 237.146 (1999), 214.402 (1998), 186.789 (1997), 152.647 (1996) Macedonian denars per US dollar - 49.41 (2004), 54.32 (2003), 64.35 (2002), 68.04 (2001), 65.9 (2000)
Executive branch chief of state:
Ferenc MADL (since NA August 2000)

head of government:
Prime Minister Viktor ORBAN (since 6 July 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president

elections:
president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 6 June 2000 (next to be held by June 2005); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president

election results:
Ferenc MADL elected president; percent of legislative vote - NA% (but by a simple majority in the third round of voting); Viktor ORBAN elected prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA%

note:
to be elected, the president must win two-thirds of legislative vote in the first two rounds or a simple majority in the third round
chief of state: President Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 12 May 2004)


head of government: Prime Minister Vlado BUCKOVSKI (since 17 December 2004)


cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Assembly; note - current cabinet formed by the government coalition parties SDSM, LDP, and BDI


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; two-round election last held 14 April and 28 April 2004 (next to be held April 2009); prime minister elected by the Assembly; election last held 1 November 2002 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: Branko CRVENKOVSKI elected president on second-round ballot; percent of vote - Branko CRVENKOVSKI 62.7%, Sasko KEDEV 37.3%; Vlado BUCKOVSKI elected prime minister by the Assembly
Exports $25.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000) NA
Exports - commodities machinery and equipment 59.5%, other manufactures 29.4%, food products 6.9%, raw materials 2.4%, fuels and electricity 1.8% (2000) food, beverages, tobacco; miscellaneous manufactures, iron and steel
Exports - partners Germany 37%, Austria 9%, Italy 6%, Netherlands 5% (2000) Serbia and Montenegro 31.4%, Germany 19.9%, Greece 8.9%, Croatia 6.9%, US 4.9% (2004)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green a yellow sun with eight broadening rays extending to the edges of the red field
GDP purchasing power parity - $113.9 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
5%

industry:
35%

services:
60% (2000 est.)
agriculture: 11.2%


industry: 26%


services: 62.8% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $11,200 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $7,100 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.5% (2000 est.) 1.3% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 47 00 N, 20 00 E 41 50 N, 22 00 E
Geography - note landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe
Heliports 5 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
188,203 km

paved:
81,680 km (including 448 km of expressways)

unpaved:
106,523 km (1998 est.)
total: 8,684 km


paved: 5,540 km (including 133 km of expressways)


unpaved: 3,144 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3.9%

highest 10%:
24.8% (1996)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and transit point for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; although most criminal activity is thought to be domestic and not a financial center, money laundering is a problem due to a mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement (no arrests or prosecutions for money laundering to date)
Imports $27.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000) NA
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment 51.1%, other manufactures 35.9%, fuels and electricity 8.1%, food products 2.8%, raw materials 2.1% (2000) machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels; food products, automobiles
Imports - partners Germany 25%, Russia 8%, Austria 7%, Italy 7% (2000) Greece 15.4%, Germany 13.1%, Serbia and Montenegro 10.4%, Slovenia 8.6%, Bulgaria 8.1%, Turkey 6%, Romania 4.7% (2004)
Independence 1001 (unification by King Stephen I) 8 September 1991 (referendum by registered voters endorsing independence from Yugoslavia)
Industrial production growth rate 18% (2000 est.) 0% (2004 est.)
Industries mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles, wood products, tobacco, food processing, buses, steel
Infant mortality rate 8.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 10.09 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 10.2 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 9.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 9.8% (1999 est.) 0.4% (2004 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC ACCT, BIS, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 16 (2000) -
Irrigated land 2,060 sq km (1993 est.) 550 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly for nine-year terms) Supreme Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Constitutional Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Republican Judicial Council - the Assembly appoints the judges
Labor force 4.2 million (1997) 855,000 (2004 est.)
Labor force - by occupation services 65%, industry 27%, agriculture 8% (1996) agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries total:
2,009 km

border countries:
Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Yugoslavia 151 km, Slovakia 515 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km
total: 766 km


border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 246 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km
Land use arable land:
51%

permanent crops:
3.6%

permanent pastures:
12.4%

forests and woodland:
19%

other:
14% (1999)
arable land: 22.26%


permanent crops: 1.81%


other: 75.93% (2001)
Languages Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8% Macedonian 66.5%, Albanian 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Roma 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% (2002 census)
Legal system rule of law based on Western model based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (386 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional and direct representation to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held on 10 and 24 May 1998 (next to be held May/June 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote required for parliamentary representation in the first round) - MSZP 32.0%, FIDESZ 28.2%, FKGP 13.8%, SZDSZ 7.9%, MIEP 5.5%, MMP 4.1%, MDF 2.8%, KDNP 2.3%, MDNP 1.5%; seats by party - MSZP 134, FIDESZ 148, FKGP 48, SZDSZ 24, MDF 17, MIEP 14, independent 1; note - seating as of 2000 by party - MSZP 136, FIDESZ 141, FKGP 48, SZDSZ 24, MDF 16, MIEP 12, independents 9
unicameral Assembly or Sobranie (120 seats - members elected by popular vote from party lists based on the percentage of the overall vote the parties gain in each of six electoral districts; all serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Together for Macedonia coalition 60 (SDSM 43, LDP 12, others 5), VMRO-DPMNE 33 (VMRO 28 and LDT 5), Democratic Union for Integration 16, Democratic Party of Albanians 7, Party for Democratic Prosperity 2, National Democratic Party 1, Socialist Party of Macedonia 1
Life expectancy at birth total population:
71.63 years

male:
67.28 years

female:
76.3 years (2001 est.)
total population: 73.73 years


male: 71.28 years


female: 76.37 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
99%

male:
99%

female:
98% (1980 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 96.1%


male: 98.2%


female: 94.1% (2002 est.)
Location Central Europe, northwest of Romania Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
Map references Europe Europe
Maritime claims none (landlocked) none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,199 GRT/1,050 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)
-
Military branches Ground Forces, Air Force; note - there is a paramilitary Border Guard which is under the Ministry of Interior Army of the Republic of Macedonia (ARM; includes Air and Air Defense Command)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $822 million (FY00) $200 million (FY01/02 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.6% (FY00) 6% (FY01/02 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,573,119 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
2,050,404 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
64,121 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday St. Stephen's Day, 20 August Uprising Day, 2 August (1903); note - also known as Saint Elijah's Day and Ilinden
Nationality noun:
Hungarian(s)

adjective:
Hungarian
noun: Macedonian(s)


adjective: Macedonian
Natural hazards - high seismic risks
Natural resources bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land
Net migration rate 0.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 1,204 km; natural gas 4,387 km (1991) gas 268 km; oil 120 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders Alliance of Free Democrats or SZDSZ [Gabor DEMSZKY]; Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Gyorgy GICZY, president]; Federation of Young Democrats-Hungarian Civic Party or FYD-HCP [Laszlo KOVER]; note - used to be Hungarian Civic Party or FIDESZ; Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian Democratic People's Party or MDNP [Erzsebet PUSZTAI, chairman]; Hungarian Justice and Life Party or MIEP [Istvan CSURKA, chairman]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP [Laszlo KOVACS, chairman]; Hungarian Workers' Party or MMP [Gyula THURMER, chairman]; Independent Smallholders or FKGP [Jozsef TORGYAN, president] Democratic Alliance [Pavle TRAJANOV]; Democratic Alternative or DA [Vasil TUPURKOVSKI, president]; Democratic League of the Bosniaks [Rafet MUMINOVIC]; Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSH/DPA [Arben XHAFERI, president]; Democratic Party of Serbs [Ivan STOILJKOVIC]; Democratic Party of Turks [Kenan HASIPI]; Democratic Republican Union of Macedonia or DRUM [Dosta DIMOVSKA]; Democratic Union of Vlachs for Macedonia [leader NA]; Democratic Union for Integration or BDI/DUI [Ali AHMETI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Agrarian Party or VMRO-Agrarian Party [Marjan GJORCEV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE (including VMRO and LDT) [Nikola GRUEVSKI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-True Macedonian Option or VMRO-Vistinska [Boris ZMEJKOVSKI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Macedonian [Boris STOJMENOV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-People's Party or VMRO-Narodna [Vesna JANEVSKA]; League for Democracy [Gjorgi MARJANOVIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Risto PENOV]; Liberal Party [Stojan ANDOV]; National Democratic Party or PDK [Basri HALITI]; National Farmers' Party [Vejljo TANTAROV]; Party for Democratic Prosperity or PPD/PDP [Abduljhadi VEJSELI]; Social Democratic Alliance of Macedonia or SDSM [Vlado BUCKOVSKI, president]; Socialist Party of Macedonia or SP [Ljubisav IVANOV, president]; Together for Macedonia coalition (including the SDSM and LDP) [Vlado BUCKOVSI]; United Party for Emancipation or OPE [Nezdet MUSTAFA]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Civic Movement of Macedonia [Gordana SILJANOVSKA]; Movement for Macedonia's Euro-Atlantic Integration [Dosta DIMOVSKA]
Population 10,106,017 (July 2001 est.) 2,045,262 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line 8.6% (1993 est.) 30.2% (2003 est.)
Population growth rate -0.32% (2001 est.) 0.26% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors Budapest, Dunaujvaros -
Radio broadcast stations AM 17, FM 57, shortwave 3 (1998) AM 29, FM 20, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 7.01 million (1997) -
Railways total:
7,606 km

broad gauge:
36 km 1.524-m gauge

standard gauge:
7,394 km 1.435-m gauge (2,270 km electrified; 1,236 km double track)

narrow gauge:
176 km 0.760-m gauge (1998)

note:
Hungary and Austria jointly manage the cross-border standard-gauge railway connecting Gyor, Sopron, and Ebenfurt (Gysev railroad) a distance of about 101 km in Hungary and 65 km in Austria
total: 699 km


standard gauge: 699 km 1.435-m gauge (233 km electrified) (2004)
Religions Roman Catholic 67.5%, Calvinist 20%, Lutheran 5%, atheist and other 7.5% Macedonian Orthodox 32.4%, other Christian 0.2%, Muslim 16.9%, other and unspecified 50.5% (2002 census)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.58 male(s)/female

total population:
0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
the telephone system has been modernized and is capable of satisfying all requests for telecommunication service

domestic:
the system is digitalized and highly automated; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay; a program for fiber-optic subscriber connections was initiated in 1996; heavy use is made of mobile cellular telephones

international:
Hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system of ground terminals
general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: country code - 389
Telephones - main lines in use 3.095 million (1997) 560,000 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1.269 million (July 1999) 830,000 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 35 (plus 161 low-power repeaters) (1995) 31 (plus 166 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River
Total fertility rate 1.25 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.57 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate 9.4% (2000 est.) 37.7% (3rd quarter, 2004 est.)
Waterways 1,373 km (permanently navigable) (1997) -
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