Compare Guyana (2003) - Zambia (2004)

Compare Guyana (2003) z Zambia (2004)

	Guyana (2003)	Zambia (2004)

Administrative divisions	10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, East Berbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo	9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western
Age structure	0-14 years: 27% (male 96,775; female 93,077) 15-64 years: 67.9% (male 240,305; female 236,378) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 15,755; female 19,810) (2003 est.)	0-14 years: 46.1% (male 2,419,361; female 2,401,538) 15-64 years: 51.1% (male 2,684,001; female 2,667,528) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 132,166; female 157,842) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	sugar, rice, wheat, vegetable oils; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish (shrimp)	corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca); cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides; coffee
Airports	51 (2002)	109 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 under 914 m: 5 (2002)	total: 10 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 43 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 34 (2002)	total: 99 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 62 under 914 m: 32 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 214,970 sq km land: 196,850 sq km water: 18,120 sq km	total: 752,614 sq km land: 740,724 sq km water: 11,890 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Idaho	slightly larger than Texas
Background	Originally a Dutch colony in the 17th century, by 1815 Guyana had become a British possession. The abolition of slavery led to black settlement of urban areas and the importation of indentured servants from India to work the sugar plantations. This ethnocultural divide has persisted and has led to turbulent politics. Guyana achieved independence from the UK in 1966, but until the early 1990s it was ruled mostly by socialist-oriented governments. In 1992, Cheddi JAGAN was elected president, in what is considered the country's first free and fair election since independence. Upon his death five years later, he was succeeded by his wife Janet, who resigned in 1999 due to poor health. Her successor, Bharrat JAGDEO, was reelected in 2001.	The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the South Africa Company from 1891 until it was taken over by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. The election in 2001 was marked by administrative problems with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA. The new president launched a far-reaching anti-corruption campaign in 2002, which resulted in the prosecution of former President Frederick CHILUBA and many of his supporters in late 2003. Opposition parties currently hold a majority of seats in the National Assembly.
Birth rate	17.87 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	38.99 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $227 million expenditures: $235.2 million, including capital expenditures of $93.4 million (2000)	revenues: $896.7 million expenditures: $1.142 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
Capital	Georgetown	Lusaka
Climate	tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January)	tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)
Coastline	459 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	6 October 1980	24 August 1991
Country name	conventional long form: Co-operative Republic of Guyana conventional short form: Guyana former: British Guiana	conventional long form: Republic of Zambia conventional short form: Zambia former: Northern Rhodesia
Currency	Guyanese dollar (GYD)	Zambian kwacha (ZMK)
Death rate	9.27 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	24.35 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$1.2 billion (2002)	$5.281 billion (2003)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Ronald D. GODARD embassy: 100 Young and Duke Streets, Kingston, Georgetown mailing address: P. O. Box 10507, Georgetown telephone: [592] 225-4900 through 4909 FAX: [592] 225-8497	chief of mission: Ambassador Martin George BRENNAN embassy: corner of Independence and United Nations Avenues mailing address: P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka telephone: [260] (1) 250-955 FAX: [260] (1) 252-225
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Ali Odeen ISHMAEL chancery: 2490 Tracy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-6900 FAX: [1] (202) 232-1297 consulate(s) general: New York	chief of mission: Ambassador Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA chancery: 2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719 FAX: [1] (202) 332-0826
Disputes - international	all of the area west of the Essequibo (river) claimed by Venezuela; Suriname claims area between New (Upper Courantyne) and Courantyne/Kutari [Koetari] rivers (all headwaters of the Courantyne); territorial sea boundary with Suriname is in dispute	the Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe boundary convergence is not clearly defined or delimited
Economic aid - recipient	$84 million (1995), Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) $253 million (1997)	$651 million (2000 est.)
Economy - overview	The Guyanese economy has exhibited moderate economic growth in 2001-02, based on expansion in the agricultural and mining sectors, a more favorable atmosphere for business initiatives, a more realistic exchange rate, fairly low inflation, and the continued support of international organizations. Chronic problems include a shortage of skilled labor and a deficient infrastructure. The government is juggling a sizable external debt against the urgent need for expanded public investment. The bauxite mining sector should benefit in the near term by restructuring and partial privatization.	Despite progress in privatization and budgetary reform, Zambia's economic growth remains below the 5% to 7% necessary to reduce poverty significantly. Privatization of government-owned copper mines relieved the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the industry and greatly improved the chances for copper mining to return to profitability and spur economic growth. Copper output increased in 2003 and is expected to increase again in 2004, due to higher copper prices. The maize harvest doubled in 2003, helping boost GDP by 4.0%. Cooperation continues with international bodies on programs to reduce poverty, including a new lending arrangement with the IMF expected in the second quarter, 2004. A tighter monetary policy will help cut inflation, but Zambia still has a serious problem with fiscal discipline.
Electricity - consumption	792.4 million kWh (2001)	5.458 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	1.75 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	852 million kWh (2001)	7.751 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 99.4% hydro: 0.6% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Roraima 2,835 m	lowest point: Zambezi river 329 m highest point: unnamed location in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m
Environment - current issues	water pollution from sewage and agricultural and industrial chemicals; deforestation	air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups	East Indian 50%, black 36%, Amerindian 7%, white, Chinese, and mixed 7%	African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%
Exchange rates	Guyanese dollars per US dollar - NA (2002), 187.32 (2001), 182.43 (2000), 178 (1999), 150.52 (1998)	Zambian kwacha per US dollar - 4,733.77 (2003), 4,398.59 (2002), 3,610.93 (2001), 3,110.84 (2000), 2,388.02 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Bharrat JAGDEO (since 11 August 1999); note - assumed presidency after resignation of President JAGAN head of government: Prime Minister Samuel HINDS (since NA December 1997) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president, responsible to the legislature elections: president elected by the majority party in the National Assembly following legislative elections, which must be held at least every five years; elections last held 19 March 2001 (next to be held by March 2006); prime minister appointed by the president election results: President Bharrat JAGDEO reelected; percent of legislative vote - NA%	chief of state: President Levy MWANAWASA (since 2 January 2002); Vice President Lupando MWAPE (since 4 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Levy MWANAWASA (since 2 January 2002); Vice President Lupando MWAPE (since 4 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 27 December 2001 (next to be held NA December 2006); vice president appointed by the president election results: Levy MWANAWASA elected president; percent of vote - Levy MWANAWASA 29%, Anderson MAZOKA 27%, Christon TEMBO 13%, Tilyenji KAUNDA 10%, Godfrey MIYANDA 8%, Benjamin MWILA 5%, Michael SATA 3%, other 5%
Exports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	sugar, gold, bauxite/alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, rum, timber	copper 55%, cobalt, electricity, tobacco, flowers, cotton
Exports - partners	Canada 21.1%, US 17.9%, Netherlands Antilles 12.9%, UK 10.4%, Jamaica 5.3%, Portugal 4.2% (2002)	UK 26.7%, South Africa 21.6%, Tanzania 13.9%, Switzerland 8.1% (2003)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	green, with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a long, yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow, black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow, white border between the yellow and the green	green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag
GDP	purchasing power parity - $2.628 billion (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $8.596 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 35% industry: 21% services: 44% (2002 est.)	agriculture: 15.3% industry: 27.9% services: 56.9% (2003)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $3,800 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $800 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	1.1% (2002 est.)	4% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	5 00 N, 59 00 W	15 00 S, 30 00 E
Geography - note	the third-smallest country in South America after Suriname and Uruguay; substantial portions of its western and eastern territories are claimed by Venezuela and Suriname respectively	landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zimbabwe
Highways	total: 7,970 km paved: 590 km unpaved: 7,380 km (1999 est.)	total: 66,781 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: 1.1% highest 10%: 41% (1998)
Illicit drugs	transshipment point for narcotics from South America - primarily Venezuela - to Europe and the US; producer of cannabis	transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it an unattractive venue for money launderers
Imports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food	machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing
Imports - partners	US 23.7%, Netherlands Antilles 20.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 15.2%, Italy 6.3%, UK 5.1%, Cuba 4.2% (2002)	South Africa 48.3%, Zimbabwe 12.8%, UK 5.9%, UAE 4.3% (2003)
Independence	26 May 1966 (from UK)	24 October 1964 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	7.1% (1997 est.)	4% (2003 est.)
Industries	bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, textiles, gold mining	copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture
Infant mortality rate	total: 37.55 deaths/1,000 live births male: 41.64 deaths/1,000 live births female: 33.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)	total: 98.4 deaths/1,000 live births male: 105.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 90.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4.7% (2002 est.)	21.4% (2003 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OIC, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	3 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	1,500 sq km (1998 est.)	460 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of Judicature; Judicial Court of Appeal; High Court	Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases)
Labor force	418,000 (2001 est.)	4.59 million (2003)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%	agriculture 85%, industry 6%, services 9%
Land boundaries	total: 2,462 km border countries: Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km	total: 5,664 km border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km
Land use	arable land: 2.44% permanent crops: 0.08% other: 97.48% (1998 est.)	arable land: 7.08% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 92.9% (2001)
Languages	English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu	English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
Legal system	based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly (68 seats, 65 elected by popular vote, 1 elected Speaker of the National Assembly, and 2 nonvoting members appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 19 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPP/C 34, PNC 27, GAP and WPA 2, ROAR 1, TUF 1	unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27 December 2001 (next to be held NA December 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - MMD 45.9%, UPND 32.4%, UNIP 8.8%, FDD 8.1%, HP 2.7%, PF 0.7%, ZRP 0.7%, independents 0.7%; seats by party - MMD 68, UPND 48, UNIP 13, FDD 12, HP 4, PF 1, ZRP 1, independents 1; seats not determined 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 63.09 years male: 60.51 years female: 65.79 years (2003 est.)	total population: 35.18 years male: 35.19 years female: 35.17 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 98.8% male: 99.1% female: 98.5% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write English total population: 80.6% male: 86.8% female: 74.8% (2003 est.)
Location	Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela	Southern Africa, east of Angola
Map references	South America	Africa
Maritime claims	continental shelf: 200 NM or to the outer edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	none (landlocked)
Merchant marine	total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,929 GRT/4,507 DWT ships by type: cargo 2 (2002 est.)	-
Military branches	Guyana Defense Force (including Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Corps), Guyana Police Force, Guyana People's Militia, Guyana National Service	Zambian National Defense Force (ZNDF): Army, Air Force, Police, National Service
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$NA	$42.6 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA%	0.9% (2003)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 207,890 (2003 est.)	males age 15-49: 2,477,494 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 156,174 (2003 est.)	males age 15-49: 1,310,814 (2004 est.)
National holiday	Republic Day, 23 February (1970)	Independence Day, 24 October (1964)
Nationality	noun: Guyanese (singular and plural) adjective: Guyanese	noun: Zambian(s) adjective: Zambian
Natural hazards	flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons	periodic drought, tropical storms (November to April)
Natural resources	bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish	copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower
Net migration rate	-4.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines	-	oil 771 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders	Alliance for Guyana or AFG (includes Guyana Labor Party or GLP and Working People's Alliance or WPA) [Rupert ROOPNARAINE]; Guyana Action Party or GAP [Paul HARDY]; Guyana Labor Party or GLP [leader NA]; People's National Congress or PNC/R [Robert Herman Orlando CORBIN]; People's Progressive Party/Civic or PPP/C [Bharrat JAGDEO]; Rise, Organize, and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; Working People's Alliance or WPA [Rupert ROOPNARAINE]	Agenda for Zambia or AZ [Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA]; Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Christon TEMBO]; Heritage Party or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF [Roger CHONGWE, president]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Levy MWANAWASA, acting president]; National Leadership for Development or NLD [Yobert SHAMAPANDE]; National Party or NP [Dr. Sam CHIPUNGU]; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA]; Zambian Republican Party or ZRP [Benjamin MWILA]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Gwendoline KONIE]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Francis NKHOMA, president]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Anderson MAZOKA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Civil Liberties Action Committee or CLAC; Guyana Council of Indian Organizations or GCIO; Trades Union Congress or TUC note: the GCIO and the CLAC are small and active but not well organized	NA
Population	702,100 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.)	10,462,436 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	86% (1993)
Population growth rate	0.44% (2003 est.)	1.47% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	Bartica, Georgetown, Linden, New Amsterdam, Parika	Mpulungu
Radio broadcast stations	AM 3, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998)	AM 19, FM 5, shortwave 4 (2001)
Railways	total: 187 km standard gauge: 139 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 48 km 0.914-m gauge note: all dedicated to ore transport (2001 est.)	total: 2,173 km narrow gauge: 2,173 km 1.067-m gauge note: includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) (2003)
Religions	Christian 50%, Hindu 35%, Muslim 10%, other 5%	Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: fair system for long-distance calling domestic: microwave radio relay network for trunk lines international: tropospheric scatter to Trinidad; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: facilities are aging but still among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa domestic: high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms international: country code - 260; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	70,000 (2000)	88,400 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	6,100 (2000)	241,000 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	3 (one public station; two private stations which relay US satellite services) (1997)	9 (2002)
Terrain	mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south	mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
Total fertility rate	2.07 children born/woman (2003 est.)	5.14 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	9.1% (understated) (2000)	50% (2000 est.)
Waterways	5,900 km (total length of navigable waterways) note: Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively	2,250 km note: includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers (2003)

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