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Compare Guyana (2001) - Kyrgyzstan (2002)

Compare Guyana (2001) z Kyrgyzstan (2002)

 Guyana (2001)Kyrgyzstan (2002)
 GuyanaKyrgyzstan
Administrative divisions 10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, East Berbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo 7 provinces (oblastlar, singular - oblasty) and 1 city* (shaar); Batken Oblasty, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblasty, Naryn Oblasty, Osh Oblasty, Talas Oblasty, Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol)


note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Age structure 0-14 years:
28.19% (male 100,194; female 96,309)

15-64 years:
66.89% (male 234,976; female 231,360)

65 years and over:
4.92% (male 15,324; female 19,018) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 34.4% (male 838,224; female 821,230)


15-64 years: 59.4% (male 1,403,328; female 1,459,914)


65 years and over: 6.2% (male 113,861; female 185,609) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products sugar, rice, wheat, vegetable oils; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; forest and fishery potential not exploited tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle, wool
Airports 51 (2000 est.) 50 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 4


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
45

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
8

under 914 m:
36 (2000 est.)
total: 46


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 6


under 914 m: 32 (2002)
Area total:
214,970 sq km

land:
196,850 sq km

water:
18,120 sq km
total: 198,500 sq km


land: 191,300 sq km


water: 7,200 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Idaho slightly smaller than South Dakota
Background Guyana achieved independence from the UK in 1966 and became a republic in 1970. In 1989 Guyana launched an Economic Recovery Program, which marked a dramatic reversal from a state-controlled, socialist economy towards a more open, free market system. Results through the first decade have proven encouraging. A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, Kyrgyzstan was annexed by Russia in 1864; it achieved independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Current concerns include: privatization of state-owned enterprises, expansion of democracy and political freedoms, interethnic relations, and combating terrorism.
Birth rate 17.92 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 26.11 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$220.1 million

expenditures:
$286.4 million, including capital expenditures of $86.6 million (1998)
revenues: $207.4 million


expenditures: $238.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.) (1999 est.)
Capital Georgetown Bishkek
Climate tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January) dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone
Coastline 459 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 6 October 1980 adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by President AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 10 February 1996 significantly expands the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature
Country name conventional long form:
Co-operative Republic of Guyana

conventional short form:
Guyana

former:
British Guiana
conventional long form: Kyrgyz Republic


conventional short form: Kyrgyzstan


local long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasy


local short form: none


former: Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
Currency Guyanese dollar (GYD) Kyrgyzstani som (KGS)
Death rate 8.87 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $1.1 billion (2000) $1.6 billion (2001 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Ronald D. GODARD

embassy:
100 Young and Duke Streets, Kingston, Georgetown

mailing address:
P. O. Box 10507, Georgetown

telephone:
[592] (2) 54900 through 54909, 57960 through 57969

FAX:
[592] (2) 58497
chief of mission: Ambassador John M. O'KEEFE


embassy: 171 Prospect Mira, 720016 Bishkek


mailing address: use embassy street address


telephone: [996] (312) 551-241, (517) 777-217


FAX: [996] (312) 551-264
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Dr. Ali Odeen ISHMAEL

chancery:
2490 Tracy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 265-6900

consulate(s) general:
New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Bakyt ABDRISAYEV


chancery: 1732 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007


telephone: [1] (202) 338-5141


FAX: [1] (202) 338-5139


consulate(s): New York
Disputes - international all of the area west of the Essequibo (river) claimed by Venezuela; Suriname claims area between New (Upper Courantyne) and Courantyne/Kutari [Koetari] rivers (all headwaters of the Courantyne) territorial dispute with Tajikistan on southwestern boundary in Isfara Valley area; dispute over access to Sokh and other Uzbek enclaves in Kyrgyzstan mars progress on boundary delimitation; disputes over provision of water and hydroelectric power to Kazakhstan; periodic target of Islamic insurgents from Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan
Economic aid - recipient $84 million (1995), Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) $253 million (1997) $50 million from the US (2001)
Economy - overview Severe drought and political turmoil contributed to Guyana's negative growth of -1.8% for 1998 following six straight years of growth of 5% or better. Growth came back to a positive 1.8% in 1999 and 3% in 2000. Underlying growth factors have included expansion in the key agricultural and mining sectors, a more favorable atmosphere for business initiative, a more realistic exchange rate, a moderate inflation rate, and continued support by international organizations. President JAGDEO, the former finance minister, is taking steps to reform the economy, including drafting an investment code and restructuring the inefficient and unresponsive public sector. Problems include a shortage of skilled labor and a deficient infrastructure. The government must persist in efforts to manage its sizable external debt and attract new investment. Kyrgyzstan is a small, poor, mountainous country with a predominantly agricultural economy. Cotton, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products and exports. Industrial exports include gold, mercury, uranium, and electricity. Kyrgyzstan has been one of the most progressive countries of the former Soviet Union in carrying out market reforms. With fits and starts, inflation has been lowered to an estimated 7% in 2001. Much of the government's stock in enterprises has been sold. Drops in production had been severe since the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, but by mid-1995 production began to recover and exports began to increase. Growth was held down to 2.1% in 1998 largely because of the spillover from Russia's economic difficulties, but moved ahead to 3.6% in 1999, 5% in 2000, and 5% again in 2001. Despite these gains, poverty indicators are no better in 2001 than in 1996. On the positive side, the government and the international financial institutions have embarked on a comprehensive medium-term poverty reduction and economic growth strategy. In November 2001, with financing assurance from the Paris Club, the IMF Board approved a three-year, $93 million Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility.
Electricity - consumption 423.2 million kWh (1999) 9.818 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 4.153 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 321 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 455 million kWh (1999) 14.677 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
98.9%

hydro:
1.1%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 8%


hydro: 92%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mount Roraima 2,835 m
lowest point: Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m


highest point: Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m
Environment - current issues water pollution from sewage and agricultural and industrial chemicals; deforestation water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups East Indian 49%, black 32%, mixed 12%, Amerindian 6%, white and Chinese 1% Kyrgyz 52.4%, Russian 18%, Uzbek 12.9%, Ukrainian 2.5%, German 2.4%, other 11.8%
Exchange rates Guyanese dollars per US dollar - 184.1 (November 2000), 182.2 (2000), 178.0 (1999), 150.5 (1998), 142.4 (1997), 140.4 (1996) soms per US dollar - 47.972 (January 2002), 48.378 (2001), 47.704 (2000), 39.008 (1999), 20.838 (1998), 17.362 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Bharrat JAGDEO (since 11 August 1999); note - assumed presidency after resignation of President JAGAN

head of government:
Prime Minister Samuel HINDS (since NA December 1997)

cabinet:
Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president, responsible to the legislature

elections:
president elected by the majority party in the National Assembly following legislative elections, which must be held at least every five years; elections last held 19 March 2001 (next to be held NA); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
President Bharrat JAGDEO reelected; percent of legislative vote - NA%
chief of state: President Askar AKAYEV (since 28 October 1990)


head of government: Prime Minister Nikolay TANAYEV (since 22 May 2002); note - Prime Minister Kurmanbek BAKIYEV resigned on 22 May 2002 when five demonstrators were killed in clashes with the police


cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; elections last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held November or December 2005); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Askar AKAYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Askar AKAYEV 74%, Omurbek TEKEBAYEV 14%, other candidates 12%; note - election marred by serious irregularities
Exports $570 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $475 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities sugar, gold, bauxite/alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, rum, timber cotton, wool, meat, tobacco; gold, mercury, uranium, hydropower; machinery; shoes
Exports - partners US 22%, Canada 22%, UK 18%, Netherlands Antilles 11%, Jamaica (1999) Germany 28.7%, Uzbekistan 17.7%, Russia 12.9%, China 8.7%, Kazakhstan 6.6% (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description green, with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a long, yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow, black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow, white border between the yellow and the green red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of the roof of the traditional Kyrgyz yurt
GDP purchasing power parity - $3.4 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $13.5 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
34.7%

industry:
32.5%

services:
32.8% (1998 est.)
agriculture: 38%


industry: 27%


services: 35% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,800 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,800 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2000 est.) 5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 5 00 N, 59 00 W 41 00 N, 75 00 E
Geography - note - landlocked; entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range; many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes
Highways total:
7,970 km

paved:
590 km

unpaved:
7,380 km (1996)
total: 30,300 km (including 140 km of expressways)


paved: 22,600 km (includes some all-weather gravel-surfaced roads)


unpaved: 7,700 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 3%


highest 10%: 32% (1997) (1997)
Illicit drugs transshipment point for narcotics from South America - primarily Venezuela - to Europe and the US; producer of cannabis limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy for CIS markets; limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe
Imports $660 million (c.i.f., 2000 est.) $420 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food oil and gas, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs
Imports - partners US 29%, Trinidad and Tobago 18%, Netherlands Antilles 16%, UK 7%, Japan (1999) Russia 23.9%, Uzbekistan 13.5%, Kazakhstan 10.3%, US 9.7%, Turkey 4.8% (2000)
Independence 26 May 1966 (from UK) 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Industrial production growth rate 7.1% (1997 est.) 6% (2000 est.)
Industries bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, fishing (shrimp), textiles, gold mining small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals
Infant mortality rate 38.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 75.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5.9% (2000 est.) 7% (2001 est.)
International organization participation ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OIC, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW (signatory), OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3 (2000) NA
Irrigated land 1,300 sq km (1993 est.) 10,740 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Judicature; Judicial Court of Appeal; High Court Supreme Court (judges are appointed for 10-year terms by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president); Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration
Labor force 245,492 (1992) 2.7 million (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% agriculture 55%, industry 15%, services 30% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total:
2,462 km

border countries:
Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km
total: 3,878 km


border countries: China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km
Land use arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
6%

forests and woodland:
84%

other:
8% (1993 est.)
arable land: 7.04%


permanent crops: 0.39%


other: 92.57%


note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural growth walnut forest (1998 est.)
Languages English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu Kyrgyz - official language, Russian - official language


note: in December 2001, the Kyrgyzstani legislature made Russian an official language, equal in status to Kyrgyz
Legal system based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on civil law system
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (65 seats, 53 elected by popular vote, 10 elected by the ten Regional Democratic Councils, and 2 elected by the National Congress of Local Democratic Organs; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 19 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2006)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPP/C 34, PNC 27, GAP and WPA 2, ROAR 1, TUF 1
bicameral Supreme Council or Zhogorku Kenesh consists of the Assembly of People's Representatives (70 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Legislative Assembly (35 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: Assembly of People's Representatives - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA February 2005); Legislative Assembly - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA February 2005)


election results: Assembly of People's Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; percent of vote by party - NA; and Legislative Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - total seats by party in the Supreme Council were as follows: Union of Democratic Forces 12, Communists 6, My Country Party of Action 4, independents 73, other 10


note: the legislature became bicameral for the 5 February 1995 elections; the 2000 election results include both the Assembly of People's Representatives and the Legislative Assembly
Life expectancy at birth total population:
63.31 years

male:
60.52 years

female:
66.24 years (2001 est.)
total population: 63.56 years


male: 59.35 years


female: 67.98 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population:
98.1%

male:
98.6%

female:
97.5% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 97%


male: 99%


female: 96% (1989 est.)
Location Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela Central Asia, west of China
Map references South America Asia
Maritime claims continental shelf:
200 NM or to the outer edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,929 GRT/4,507 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 2 (2000 est.)
-
Military branches Guyana Defense Force (GDF; includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Corps), Guyana People's Militia (GPM), Guyana National Service (GNS), Guyana Police Force Army, Air and Air Defense, Security Forces, Border Troops
Military expenditures - dollar figure $7 million (FY94) $19.2 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.7% (FY94) 1.4% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
204,938 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,234,457 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
154,259 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,001,274 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 50,590 (2002 est.)
National holiday Republic Day, 23 February (1970) Independence Day, 31 August (1991)
Nationality noun:
Guyanese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Guyanese
noun: Kyrgyzstani(s)


adjective: Kyrgyzstani
Natural hazards flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons NA
Natural resources bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc
Net migration rate -8.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -2.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines - natural gas 200 km
Political parties and leaders Alliance for Guyana or AFG (includes Guyana Labor Party or GLP and Working People's Alliance or WPA [Rupert ROOPNARINE]; Guyana Action Party or GAP [leader NA]; Guyana Labor Party or GLP [leader NA]; People's National Congress or PNC [Hugh Desmond HOYTE]; People's Progressive Party or PPP [Janet JAGEN]; Rise, Organize and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; Working People's Alliance or WPA [Rupert ROOPARNINE] Agrarian Labor Party of Kyrgyzstan [Uson S. SYDYKOV]; Agrarian Party of Kyrgyzstan [Arkin ALIYEV]; Ata-Meken or Fatherland [Omurbek TEKEBAYEV]; Banner National Revival Party or ASABA [Chaprashty BAZARBAY]; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan or DDK [Jypar JEKSHEYEV]; Democratic Women's Party of Kyrgyzstan [T. A. SHAILIYEVA]; Dignity Party [Feliks KULOV]; Erkin Kyrgyzstan Progressive and Democratic Party [Tursunbay Bakir UULU]; Justice Party [Chingiz AYTMATOV]; Movement for the People's Salvation [Jumgalbek AMAMBAYEV]; Mutual Help Movement or Ashar [Jumagazy USUPOV]; My Country of Action [Almazbek ISMANKULOV]; National Unity Democratic Movement or DDNE [Yury RAZGULYAYEV]; Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP [Absamat M. MASALIYEV]; Party of the Veterans of the War in Afghanistan [leader NA]; Peasant Party [leader NA]; People's Party [Melis ESHIMKANOV]; Republican Popular Party of Kyrgyzstan [J. SHARSHENALIYEV]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [J. IBRAMOV]; Union of Democratic Forces (composed of Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan or PSD [J. IBRAMOV], Economic Revival Party, and Birimdik Party
Political pressure groups and leaders Civil Liberties Action Committee or CLAC; Guyana Council of Indian Organizations or GCIO; Rise, Organize and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; Trades Union Congress or TUC

note:
the GCIO and the CLAC are small and active but not well organized
Council of Free Trade Unions; Kyrgyz Committee on Human Rights [Ramazan DYRYLDAYEV]; National Unity Democratic Movement; Union of Entrepreneurs
Population 697,181

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
4,822,166 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 55% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 0.07% (2001 est.) 1.45% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Bartica, Georgetown, Linden, New Amsterdam, Parika Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998) AM 12 (plus 10 repeater stations), FM 14, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios 420,000 (1997) 520,000 (1997)
Railways total:
187 km (all dedicated to ore transport)

standard gauge:
139 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge:
48 km 0.914-m gauge
total: 370 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines


broad gauge: 370 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)
Religions Christian 50%, Hindu 33%, Muslim 9%, other 8% Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.81 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.61 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
fair system for long-distance calling

domestic:
microwave radio relay network for trunk lines

international:
tropospheric scatter to Trinidad; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: poorly developed; about 100,000 unsatisfied applications for household telephones


domestic: principally microwave radio relay; one cellular provider, probably limited to Bishkek region


international: connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik and 1 Intelsat; connected internationally by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line
Telephones - main lines in use 70,000 (2000) 351,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 6,100 (2000) NA
Television broadcast stations 3 (one public station; two private stations which relay US satellite services) (1997) NA (repeater stations throughout the country relay programs from Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkey) (1997)
Terrain mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation
Total fertility rate 2.1 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.16 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 12% (1992 est.) 7.2% (1999 est.)
Waterways 5,900 km (total length of navigable waterways)

note:
Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively
600 km (1990)
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