Compare Guernsey (2004) - Rwanda (2008)

Compare Guernsey (2004) z Rwanda (2008)

	Guernsey (2004)	Rwanda (2008)

Administrative divisions	none (British crown dependency); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 10 parishes including Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson, Vale, Castel, Saint Saviour, Saint Pierre du Bois, Torteval, Forest, Saint Martin, Saint Andrew	4 provinces (in French - provinces, singular - province; in Kinyarwanda - intara for singular and plural) and 1 city* (in French - ville; in Kinyarwanda - umujyi); Est (Eastern), Kigali*, Nord (Northern), Ouest (Western), Sud (Southern)
Age structure	0-14 years: 15.6% (male 5,161; female 5,013) 15-64 years: 66.7% (male 21,497; female 21,897) 65 years and over: 17.6% (male 4,812; female 6,651) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 41.9% (male 2,082,474/female 2,065,251) 15-64 years: 55.7% (male 2,748,189/female 2,765,767) 65 years and over: 2.5% (male 98,796/female 147,032) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	tomatoes, greenhouse flowers, sweet peppers, eggplant, fruit; Guernsey cattle	coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; livestock
Airports	2 (2003 est.)	9 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 3 (2007)
Area	total: 78 sq km land: 78 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Alderney, Guernsey, Herm, Sark, and some other smaller islands	total: 26,338 sq km land: 24,948 sq km water: 1,390 sq km
Area - comparative	about one-half the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Maryland
Background	The island of Guernsey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Dukedom of Normandy, which held sway in both France and England. The islands were the only British soil occupied by German troops in World War II.	In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years, thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions, culminating in April 1994 in the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime and ended the killing in July 1994, but approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and the former Zaire. Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda, but several thousand remained in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo (the former Zaire) and formed an extremist insurgency bent on retaking Rwanda, much as the RPF tried in 1990. Despite substantial international assistance and political reforms - including Rwanda's first local elections in March 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in August and September 2003 - the country continues to struggle to boost investment and agricultural output, and ethnic reconciliation is complicated by the real and perceived Tutsi political dominance. Kigali's increasing centralization and intolerance of dissent, the nagging Hutu extremist insurgency across the border, and Rwandan involvement in two wars in recent years in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo continue to hinder Rwanda's efforts to escape its bloody legacy.
Birth rate	9.16 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	40.16 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $381.3 million expenditures: $368.8 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)	revenues: $702.6 million expenditures: $779.6 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2007 est.)
Capital	Saint Peter Port	name: Kigali geographic coordinates: 1 57 S, 30 04 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast	temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible
Coastline	50 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice	new constitution passed by referendum 26 May 2003
Country name	conventional long form: Bailiwick of Guernsey conventional short form: Guernsey	conventional long form: Republic of Rwanda conventional short form: Rwanda local long form: Republika y'u Rwanda local short form: Rwanda former: Ruanda, German East Africa
Currency	British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Guernsey pound	-
Death rate	9.87 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	14.91 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	NA	$1.4 billion (2004 est.)
Dependency status	British crown dependency	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (British crown dependency)	chief of mission: Ambassador Michael ARIETTI embassy: 337 Boulevard de la Revolution, Kigali mailing address: B. P. 28, Kigali telephone: [250] 50 56 01 through 03 FAX: [250] 57 2128
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (British crown dependency)	chief of mission: Ambassador James KOMONYO chancery: 1714 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 232-2882 FAX: [1] (202) 232-4544
Disputes - international	none	fighting among ethnic groups - loosely associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in Great Lakes region transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda - abated substantially from a decade ago due largely to UN peacekeeping, international mediation, and efforts by local governments to create civil societies; nonetheless, 57,000 Rwandan refugees still reside in 21 African states, including Zambia, Gabon, and 20,000 who fled to Burundi in 2005 and 2006 to escape drought and recriminations from traditional courts investigating the 1994 massacres; the 2005 DROC and Rwanda border verification mechanism to stem rebel actions on both sides of the border remains in place
Economic aid - recipient	NA	$576 million (2005)
Economy - overview	Financial services - banking, fund management, insurance, etc. - account for about 55% of total income in this tiny Channel Island economy. Tourism, manufacturing, and horticulture, mainly tomatoes and cut flowers, have been declining. Light tax and death duties make Guernsey a popular tax haven. The evolving economic integration of the EU nations is changing the environment under which Guernsey operates.	Rwanda is a poor rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculture. It is the most densely populated country in Africa and is landlocked with few natural resources and minimal industry. Primary foreign exchange earners are coffee and tea. The 1994 genocide decimated Rwanda's fragile economic base, severely impoverished the population, particularly women, and eroded the country's ability to attract private and external investment. However, Rwanda has made substantial progress in stabilizing and rehabilitating its economy to pre-1994 levels, although poverty levels are higher now. GDP has rebounded and inflation has been curbed. Despite Rwanda's fertile ecosystem, food production often does not keep pace with population growth, requiring food imports. Rwanda continues to receive substantial aid money and obtained IMF-World Bank Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative debt relief in 2005-06. Rwanda also received Millennium Challenge Account Threshold status in 2006. The government has embraced an expansionary fiscal policy to reduce poverty by improving education, infrastructure, and foreign and domestic investment and pursuing market-oriented reforms, although energy shortages, instability in neighboring states, and lack of adequate transportation linkages to other countries continue to handicap growth.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	198.4 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)	10 million kWh (2005 est.)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2002)	120 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	NA kWh	95 million kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Sark 114 m	lowest point: Rusizi River 950 m highest point: Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m
Environment - current issues	NA	deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; widespread poaching
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	UK and Norman-French descent with small percentages from other European countries	Hutu (Bantu) 84%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 15%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%
Exchange rates	Guernsey pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); note - the Guernsey pound is at par with the British pound	Rwandan francs per US dollar - 585 (2007), 560 (2006), 610 (2005), 574.62 (2004), 537.66 (2003)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Lieutenant Governor and Commander-in-Chief Lt. Gen. Sir John FOLEY (since NA 2000) head of government: Chief Minister Laurie MORGAN (since 1 May 2004) cabinet: Policy Council elected by the States of Deliberation elections: the monarch is hereditary; lieutenant governor appointed by the monarch; chief minister is elected by States of Delibertion election results: Laurie MORGAN elected chief minister, percent of vote of the States of Deliberation NA	chief of state: President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: President elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held 25 August 2003 (next to be held in 2010) election results: Paul KAGAME elected president in first direct popular vote; Paul KAGAME 95.05%, Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU 3.62%, Jean-Nepomuscene NAYINZIRA 1.33%
Exports	NA	0 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities	tomatoes, flowers and ferns, sweet peppers, eggplant, other vegetables	coffee, tea, hides, tin ore
Exports - partners	UK (regarded as internal trade)	China 10.3%, Germany 9.7%, US 4.3% (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	white with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) extending to the edges of the flag and a yellow equal-armed cross of William the Conqueror superimposed on the Saint George cross	three horizontal bands of sky blue (top, double width), yellow, and green, with a golden sun with 24 rays near the fly end of the blue band
GDP	purchasing power parity - $1.3 billion (1999 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 3% industry: 10% services: 87% (2000)	agriculture: 38.2% industry: 20.1% services: 41.7% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $20,000 (1999 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	5.7% (1999 est.)	6% (2007 est.)
Geographic coordinates	49 28 N, 2 35 W	2 00 S, 30 00 E
Geography - note	large, deepwater harbor at Saint Peter Port	landlocked; most of the country is savanna grassland with the population predominantly rural
Highways	total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: 2.1% highest 10%: 38.2% (2000)
Imports	NA	5,165 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities	coal, gasoline, oil, machinery and equipment	foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material
Imports - partners	UK (regarded as internal trade)	Kenya 19.6%, Germany 7.9%, Uganda 6.8%, Belgium 5.1% (2006)
Independence	none (British crown dependency)	1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	4.8% (2007 est.)
Industries	tourism, banking	cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes
Infant mortality rate	total: 4.78 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.35 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 85.27 deaths/1,000 live births male: 90.41 deaths/1,000 live births female: 79.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4% (2000 est.)	8% (2007 est.)
International organization participation	UPU	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land	NA sq km	90 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch	Royal Court	Supreme Court; High Courts of the Republic; Provincial Courts; District Courts; mediation committees
Labor force	31,320 (2000)	4.6 million (2000)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture: 90% industry and services: 10% (2000)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 893 km border countries: Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km
Land use	arable land: NA permanent crops: NA other: NA (2001)	arable land: 45.56% permanent crops: 10.25% other: 44.19% (2005)
Languages	English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts	Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used in commercial centers
Legal system	English law and local statute; justice is administered by the Royal Court	based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral States of Deliberation (45 seats; members are elected by popular vote for 4 years); note - Alderney and Sark have their own parliaments elections: last held 21 April 2004 (next to be held NA 2008) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - all independents	bicameral Parliament consists of Senate (26 seats; 12 members elected by local councils, 8 appointed by the president, 4 by the Political Organizations Forum, 2 represent institutions of higher learning; to serve eight-year terms) and Chamber of Deputies (80 seats; 53 members elected by popular vote, 24 women elected by local bodies, 3 selected by youth and disability organizations; to serve five-year terms) elections: Senate - members appointed as part of the transitional government (next to be held in 2011); Chamber of Deputies - last held 29 September 2003 (next to be held in 2008) election results: seats by party under the 2003 Constitution - RPF 40, PSD 7, PL 6, additional 27 members indirectly elected
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 80.17 years male: 77.17 years female: 83.27 years (2004 est.)	total population: 48.99 years male: 47.87 years female: 50.16 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: NA male: NA female: NA	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 70.4% male: 76.3% female: 64.7% (2003 est.)
Location	Western Europe, islands in the English Channel, northwest of France	Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Map references	Europe	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm	none (landlocked)
Merchant marine	none	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	-
Military branches	-	Rwandan Defense Forces: Army, Air Force
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	2.9% (2006 est.)
National holiday	Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)	Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Nationality	noun: Channel Islander(s) adjective: Channel Islander	noun: Rwandan(s) adjective: Rwandan
Natural hazards	NA	periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo
Natural resources	cropland	gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane, hydropower, arable land
Net migration rate	3.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	2.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
People - note	-	Rwanda is the most densely populated country in Africa
Political parties and leaders	none; all independents	Centrist Democratic Party or PDC [Alfred MUKEZAMFURA]; Democratic Popular Union of Rwanda or UDPR [Adrien RANGIRA]; Democratic Republican Movement or MDR [Celestin KABANDA] (officially banned); Islamic Democratic Party or PDI [Andre BUMAYA]; Liberal Party or PL [Protais MITALI]; Party for Democratic Renewal (officially banned); Rwandan Patriotic Front or RPF [Paul KAGAME]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Vincent BIRUTA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	IBUKA - association of genocide survivors
Population	65,031 (July 2004 est.)	9,907,509 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	60% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate	0.31% (2004 est.)	2.766% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 0, FM 8 (two main FM programs are broadcast through a system of repeaters, three international FM programs include the BBC, VOA, and Deutchewelle), shortwave 1 (2005)
Religions	Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational, Methodist	Roman Catholic 56.5%, Protestant 26%, Adventist 11.1%, Muslim 4.6%, indigenous beliefs 0.1%, none 1.7% (2001)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.008 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.994 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.672 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: 1 submarine cable	general assessment: small, inadequate telephone system primarily serves business and government domestic: the capital, Kigali, is connected to the centers of the provinces by microwave radio relay and, recently, by cellular telephone service; much of the network depends on wire and HF radiotelephone; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone density is only about 4 telephones per 100 persons international: country code - 250; international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellite communications to more distant countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) in Kigali (includes telex and telefax service)
Telephones - main lines in use	55,000 (2001)	22,000 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular	31,500 (2001)	290,000 (2005)
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	2 (2004)
Terrain	mostly level with low hills in southwest	mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east
Total fertility rate	1.38 children born/woman (2004 est.)	5.37 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	0.5% (1999 est.)	NA%
Waterways	-	Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft (2006)

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