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Compare Ghana (2008) - Ghana (2001)

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 Ghana (2008)Ghana (2001)
 GhanaGhana
Age structure 0-14 years: 38.2% (male 4,438,308/female 4,329,293)


15-64 years: 58.2% (male 6,661,512/female 6,687,738)


65 years and over: 3.6% (male 380,495/female 433,953) (2007 est.)
0-14 years:
41.18% (male 4,123,317; female 4,068,786)

15-64 years:
55.35% (male 5,455,577; female 5,555,278)

65 years and over:
3.47% (male 328,809; female 362,247) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber
Airports 12 (2007) 12 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 7


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2007)
total:
6

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 2 (2007)
total:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Area total: 239,460 sq km


land: 230,940 sq km


water: 8,520 sq km
total:
238,540 sq km

land:
230,020 sq km

water:
8,520 sq km
Background Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. Ghana endured a long series of coups before Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS took power in 1981 and banned political parties. After approving a new constitution and restoring multiparty politics in 1992, RAWLINGS won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR succeeded him and was re-elected in 2004. Kufuor is constitutionally barred from running for a third term in upcoming Presidential elections, which are scheduled for December 2008. Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981 and the banning of political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. He was succeeded by John KUFUOR.
Birth rate 29.85 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 28.95 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $4.347 billion


expenditures: $5.197 billion (2007 est.)
revenues:
$1.39 billion

expenditures:
$1.47 billion, including capital expenditures of $370 million (1996 est.)
Capital name: Accra


geographic coordinates: 5 33 N, 0 13 W


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Accra
Constitution approved 28 April 1992 new constitution approved 28 April 1992
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Ghana


conventional short form: Ghana


former: Gold Coast
conventional long form:
Republic of Ghana

conventional short form:
Ghana

former:
Gold Coast
Currency - cedi (GHC)
Death rate 9.55 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 10.26 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $3.387 billion (31 December 2007 est.) $7 billion (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Pamela E. BRIDGEWATER


embassy: 24 4th Circular Rd. Cantonments, Accra


mailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accra


telephone: [233] (21) 741-000


FAX: [233] (21) 741-389
chief of mission:
Ambassador Kathryn D. ROBINSON

embassy:
Ring Road East, East of Danquah Circle, Accra

mailing address:
P. O. Box 194, Accra

telephone:
[233] (21) 775348

FAX:
[233] (21) 776008
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Kwame BAWUAH-EDUSEI


chancery: 1156 15th St. NW #905, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 785-1379


FAX: [1] (202) 785-1430


consulate(s) general: New York
chief of mission:
Ambassador Kobena KOOMSON

chancery:
3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 686-4520

FAX:
[1] (202) 686-4527

consulate(s) general:
New York
Disputes - international Ghana struggles to accommodate returning nationals who worked in the cocoa plantations and escaped fighting in Cote d'Ivoire none
Economic aid - recipient $1.316 billion in loans and grants (2007) $477.3 million (1995)
Economy - overview Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorest countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold and cocoa production, and individual remittances, are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around agriculture, which accounts for about 35% of GDP and employs about 55% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002, and is also benefiting from the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative that took effect in 2006. Thematic priorities under its current Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy, which also provides the framework for development partner assistance, are: macroeconomic stability; private sector competitiveness; human resource development; and good governance and civic responsibility. Sound macro-economic management along with high prices for gold and cocoa helped sustain GDP growth in 2007. Ghana signed a Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) Compact in 2006, which aims to assist in transforming Ghana's agricultural sector. Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 36% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. In 1995-97, Ghana made mixed progress under a three-year structural adjustment program in cooperation with the IMF. On the minus side, public sector wage increases and regional peacekeeping commitments have led to continued inflationary deficit financing, depreciation of the cedi, and rising public discontent with Ghana's austerity measures. Political uncertainty and a depressed cocoa market led to disappointing growth in 2000. A rebound in the cocoa market should push growth over 4% in 2001-02.
Electricity - consumption 6.906 billion kWh (2007 est.) 5.573 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 256 million kWh (2007 est.) 400 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 461 million kWh (2007 est.) 890 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 7.042 billion kWh (2007 est.) 5.466 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
26.82%

hydro:
73.18%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mount Afadjato 880 m
Environment - current issues recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water recent drought in north severely affecting agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups Akan 45.3%, Mole-Dagbon 15.2%, Ewe 11.7%, Ga-Dangme 7.3%, Guan 4%, Gurma 3.6%, Grusi 2.6%, Mande-Busanga 1%, other tribes 1.4%, other 7.8% (2000 census) black African 99.8% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%), European and other 0.2%
Exchange rates cedis per US dollar - 0.95 (2007), 9,174.8 (2006), 9,072.5 (2005), 9,004.6 (2004), 8,677.4 (2003) cedis per US dollar - 6,895.77 (January 2001), 5,321.68 (2000), 2,647.32 (1999), 2,314.15 (1998), 2,050.17 (1997), 1,637.23 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001)


cabinet: Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held in December 2008)


election results: John Agyekum KUFUOR reelected president in election; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 52.4%, John ATTA-MILLS 44.6%
chief of state:
President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 and 28 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004)

election results:
John Agyekum KUFUOR elected president in runoff; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 56.4%, John Atta MILLS 43.6%
Exports 8,041 bbl/day (2004) $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds, horticulture gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds
Exports - partners Netherlands 11.3%, UK 8.7%, US 6.7%, Spain 5.7%, Belgium 5.2%, France 4.4% (2006) Togo, UK, Italy, Netherlands, Germany, US, France (1998)
GDP - purchasing power parity - $37.4 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 37.3%


industry: 25.3%


services: 37.5% (2006 est.)
agriculture:
36%

industry:
25%

services:
39% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $1,900 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 6.2% (2007 est.) 3% (2000 est.)
Geography - note Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake; northeasterly harmattan wind (January to March)
Highways - total:
39,409 km

paved:
11,653 km (including 30 km of expressways)

unpaved:
27,756 km (1997)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2.2%


highest 10%: 30.1% (1999)
lowest 10%:
3.6%

highest 10%:
26.1% (1997)
Illicit drugs illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a well developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money laundering center; significant domestic cocaine and cannabis use illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US
Imports 45,010 bbl/day (2004) $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - partners Nigeria 16.7%, China 13%, UK 5.7%, Belgium 4.7%, US 4.7%, South Africa 4.1%, France 4.1% (2006) UK, Nigeria, US, Germany, Italy, Spain (1998)
Industrial production growth rate 7.4% (2007 est.) 4.2% (1996 est.)
Industries mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing
Infant mortality rate total: 53.56 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 58 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 48.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
56.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 11% (2007 est.) 22.8% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNTAET, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 310 sq km (2003) 60 sq km (1993 est.)
Labor force 11.29 million (2007 est.) 9 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 56%


industry: 15%


services: 29% (2005 est.)
agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries total: 2,094 km


border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km
total:
2,093 km

border countries:
Burkina Faso 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km
Land use arable land: 17.54%


permanent crops: 9.22%


other: 73.24% (2005)
arable land:
12%

permanent crops:
7%

permanent pastures:
22%

forests and woodland:
35%

other:
24% (1993 est.)
Languages Asante 14.8%, Ewe 12.7%, Fante 9.9%, Boron (Brong) 4.6%, Dagomba 4.3%, Dangme 4.3%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.7%, Akyem 3.4%, Ga 3.4%, Akuapem 2.9%, other 36.1% (includes English (official)) (2000 census) English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament (230 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December in 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NPP 128, NDC 94, PNC 4, CPP 3, independent 1
unicameral Parliament (200 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 7 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 100, NDC 92, PNC 3, CPP 1, independents 4
Life expectancy at birth total population: 59.12 years


male: 58.31 years


female: 59.95 years (2007 est.)
total population:
57.24 years

male:
55.86 years

female:
58.66 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 57.9%


male: 66.4%


female: 49.8% (2000 census)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
64.5%

male:
75.9%

female:
53.5% (1995 est.)
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 3 ships (1000 GRT or over) 5,032 GRT/7,282 DWT


by type: petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2


foreign-owned: 1 (Brazil 1) (2007)
total:
6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 13,484 GRT/18,583 DWT

ships by type:
petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 4 (2000 est.)
Military branches Ghanaian Army, Ghanaian Navy, Ghanaian Air Force (2007) Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Force, Palace Guard, Civil Defense
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $53 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.8% (2006 est.) 0.7% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
4,890,483 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
2,713,584 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
213,237 (2001 est.)
Nationality noun: Ghanaian(s)


adjective: Ghanaian
noun:
Ghanaian(s)

adjective:
Ghanaian
Natural hazards dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts dry, dusty, harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts
Natural resources gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower
Net migration rate -0.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) -0.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines oil 13 km; refined products 316 km (2007) 0 km
Political parties and leaders Convention People's Party or CPP [Ladi NYLANDER]; Democratic Freedom Party or DFP [Alhaji Abudu Rahman ISSAKAH]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTEY]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Kwabena ADJEI]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Peter MAC-MANU]; People's National Convention or PNC [Alhaji Amed RAMADAN]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU]; United Renaissance Party or URP [Charles WAYO] Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]
Population 22,931,299


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)
19,894,014

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 28.5% (2007 est.) 31.4% (1992 est.)
Population growth rate 1.972% (2007 est.) 1.79% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Takoradi, Tema
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 86, shortwave 3 (2007) AM 0, FM 18, shortwave 3 (1999)
Radios - 4.4 million (1997)
Railways total: 953 km


narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge (2006)
total:
953 km (undergoing major rehabilitation)

narrow gauge:
953 km 1.067-m gauge (32 km double track) (1997 est.)
Religions Christian 68.8% (Pentecostal/Charismatic 24.1%, Protestant 18.6%, Catholic 15.1%, other 11%), Muslim 15.9%, traditional 8.5%, other 0.7%, none 6.1% (2000 census) indigenous beliefs 38%, Muslim 30%, Christian 24%, other 8%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.025 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.996 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.877 male(s)/female


total population: 1.003 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.91 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Telephone system general assessment: fixed-line infrastructure outdated and unreliable; competition among multiple mobile-cellular providers has spurred growth with subscribership about 25 per 100 persons and rising


domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed


international: country code - 233; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors
general assessment:
poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway

domestic:
primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed

international:
satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors
Telephones - main lines in use 356,400 (2006) 200,000 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 5.207 million (2006) 30,000 (yearend 1998)
Television broadcast stations 7 (2007) 11 (1999)
Total fertility rate 3.89 children born/woman (2007 est.) 3.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 11% (2000 est.) 20% (1997 est.)
Waterways 1,293 km


note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta (2007)
1,293 km

note:
Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways
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