Main page Compare countries Index countries Index fields

Query:
Jah-Jah.pl / Index countries / Finland (2001) - Swaziland (2003) / Compare countries
##ciekawa_strona##

Compare Finland (2001) - Swaziland (2003)

Compare Finland (2001) z Swaziland (2003)

 Finland (2001)Swaziland (2003)
 FinlandSwaziland
Administrative divisions 6 provinces (laanit, singular - laani); Aland, Etela-Suomen Laani, Ita-Suomen Laani, Lansi-Suomen Laani, Lappi, Oulun Laani 4 districts; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni
Age structure 0-14 years:
18% (male 474,967; female 456,584)

15-64 years:
66.97% (male 1,750,660; female 1,715,358)

65 years and over:
15.03% (male 300,569; female 477,645) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 41.4% (male 242,762; female 238,141)


15-64 years: 55.1% (male 317,526; female 321,709)


65 years and over: 3.5% (male 18,040; female 23,041) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products cereals, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish sugarcane, cotton, corn, tobacco, rice, citrus, pineapples, sorghum, peanuts; cattle, goats, sheep
Airports 159 (2000 est.) 18 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total:
69

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
26

1,524 to 2,437 m:
10

914 to 1,523 m:
20

under 914 m:
10 (2000 est.)
total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
90

914 to 1,523 m:
6

under 914 m:
84 (2000 est.)
total: 17


914 to 1,523 m: 7


under 914 m: 10 (2002)
Area total:
337,030 sq km

land:
305,470 sq km

water:
31,560 sq km
total: 17,363 sq km


land: 17,203 sq km


water: 160 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Montana slightly smaller than New Jersey
Background Ruled by Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and by Russia from 1809, Finland finally won its independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and fend off invasions by the Soviet Union and Germany. In the subsequent half century, the Finns have made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now on par with Western Europe. As a member of the European Union, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999. Autonomy for the Swazis of southern Africa was guaranteed by the British in the late 19th century; independence was granted 1968. Student and labor unrest during the 1990s have pressured the monarchy (one of the oldest on the continent) to grudgingly allow political reform and greater democracy.
Birth rate 10.69 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 29.37 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues:
$36.1 billion

expenditures:
$31 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $448 million


expenditures: $506.9 million, including capital expenditures of $147 million (FY 01/02)
Capital Helsinki Mbabane; note - Lobamba is the royal and legislative capital
Climate cold temperate; potentially subarctic, but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes varies from tropical to near temperate
Coastline 1,126 km (excludes islands and coastal indentations) 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 17 July 1919 none; constitution of 6 September 1968 was suspended 12 April 1973; a new constitution was promulgated 13 October 1978, but was not formally presented to the people; since then a few more outlines for a constitution have been compiled under the Constitutional Review Commission (CRC), but so far none have been accepted
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Finland

conventional short form:
Finland

local long form:
Suomen Tasavalta

local short form:
Suomi
conventional long form: Kingdom of Swaziland


conventional short form: Swaziland
Currency markka (FIM); euro (EUR)

note:
on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced the euro as a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in Finland at a fixed rate of 5.94573 markkaa per euro and will replace the local currency for all transactions in 2002
lilangeni (SZL)
Death rate 9.75 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 21.08 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $30 billion (December 1993) $320 million (2002 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Carol VAN VOORST

embassy:
Itainen Puistotie 14B, FIN-00140, Helsinki

mailing address:
APO AE 09723

telephone:
[358] (9) 171931

FAX:
[358] (9) 174681
chief of mission: Ambassador James D. McGEE


embassy: Central Bank Building, Warner Street, Mbabane


mailing address: P. O. Box 199, Mbabane


telephone: [268] 404-6441 through 404-6445


FAX: [268] 404-5959
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Jaakko Tapani LAAJAVA

chancery:
3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 298-5800

FAX:
[1] (202) 298-6030

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles and New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Madzandza KANYA


chancery: 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 362-6683


FAX: [1] (202) 244-8059
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - donor ODA, $379 million (1997) -
Economic aid - recipient - $104 million (2001)
Economy - overview Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy, with per capita output roughly that of the UK, France, Germany, and Italy. Its key economic sector is manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Trade is important, with exports equaling more than one-third of GDP. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. Rapidly increasing integration with Western Europe - Finland was one of the 11 countries joining the euro monetary system (EMU) on 1 January 1999 - will dominate the economic picture over the next several years. Growth in 2001 will be bolstered by strong private consumption, yet may be 1 or 2 points lower than in 2000, largely because of a weakening in export demand. In this small, landlocked economy, subsistence agriculture occupies more than 80% of the population. The manufacturing sector has diversified since the mid-1980s. Sugar and wood pulp remain important foreign exchange earners. Mining has declined in importance in recent years with only coal and quarry stone mines remaining active. Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland is heavily dependent on South Africa from which it receives nine-tenths of its imports and to which it sends more than two-thirds of its exports. Customs duties from the Southern African Customs Union and worker remittances from South Africa substantially supplement domestically earned income. The government is trying to improve the atmosphere for foreign investment. Overgrazing, soil depletion, drought, and sometimes floods persist as problems for the future. More than one-fourth of the population needed emergency food aid in 2002 because of drought, and more than one-third of the adult population was infected by HIV/AIDS.
Electricity - consumption 81.611 billion kWh (1999) 962.9 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 232 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 11.356 billion kWh (1999) 639 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2001)
Electricity - production 75.792 billion kWh (1999) 348.3 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
41.88%

hydro:
16.77%

nuclear:
28.82%

other:
12.53% (1999)
fossil fuel: 58%


hydro: 42%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Baltic Sea 0 m

highest point:
Haltiatunturi 1,328 m
lowest point: Great Usutu River 21 m


highest point: Emlembe 1,862 m
Environment - current issues air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations limited supplies of potable water; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Desertification, Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups Finn 93%, Swede 6%, Sami 0.11%, Roma 0.12%, Tatar 0.02% African 97%, European 3%
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); markkaa per US dollar - 5.3441 (1998), 5.1914 (1997), 4.5936 (1996) emalangeni per US dollar - 10.54 (2002), 8.61 (2001), 6.94 (2000), 6.11 (1999), 5.53 (1998)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Tarja HALONEN (since 1 March 2000)

head of government:
Prime Minister Paavo LIPPONEN (since 13 April 1995) and Deputy Prime Minister Sauli NIINISTO (since 13 April 1995)

cabinet:
Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 6 February 2000 (next to be held NA February 2006); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed from the majority party by the president after parliamentary elections

election results:
Tarja HALONEN elected president; percent of vote - Tarja HALONEN (SDP) 51.6%, Esco AHO (Kesk) 48.4%

note:
government coalition - SDP, Kok, Leftist Alliance (People's Democratic Union and Democratic Alternative), SFP, and Green Union
chief of state: King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986)


head of government: Prime Minister Themba DLAMINI (since 14 November 2003)


cabinet: Cabinet recommended by the prime minister and confirmed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
Exports $44.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp soft drink concentrates, sugar, wood pulp, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus and canned fruit
Exports - partners EU 58% (Germany 13%, Sweden 10%, UK 9%, France 5%, Netherlands 4%), US 8%, Russia, Japan (1999) South Africa 72%, EU 14.2%, Mozambique 3.7%, US 3.5%, UK (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description white with a blue cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally
GDP purchasing power parity - $118.3 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $5.542 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
3.5%

industry:
29%

services:
67.5% (1999)
agriculture: 17%


industry: 44%


services: 39% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $22,900 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $4,800 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.6% (2000 est.) 1.6% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 64 00 N, 26 00 E 26 30 S, 31 30 E
Geography - note long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa
Highways total:
77,796 km

paved:
49,789 km (including 444 km of expressways)

unpaved:
28,042 km (1999)
total: 3,247 km


paved: NA


unpaved: NA (1998)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
4.2%

highest 10%:
21.6% (1991)
lowest 10%: 1%


highest 10%: 50.2% (1995)
Imports $32.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
Imports - partners EU 60% (Germany 15%, Sweden 11%, UK 7%), US 8%, Russia 7%, Japan 6% (1999) South Africa 88.8%, EU 5.6%, Japan 0.6%, Singapore 0.4% (1999)
Independence 6 December 1917 (from Russia) 6 September 1968 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 7.5% (2000) 3.7% (FY 95/96)
Industries metal products, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, copper refining, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing mining (coal), wood pulp, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textile and apparel
Infant mortality rate 3.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 67.44 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 70.79 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 63.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.4% (2000 est.) 11.8% (2002 est.)
International organization participation AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNMOP, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 23 (2000) 5 (2002)
Irrigated land 640 sq km (1993 est.) 690 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the president) High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the monarch
Labor force 2.6 million (2000 est.) 383,200 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation public services 32%, industry 22%, commerce 14%, finance, insurance, and business services 10%, agriculture and forestry 8%, transport and communications 8%, construction 6% NA
Land boundaries total:
2,628 km

border countries:
Norway 729 km, Sweden 586 km, Russia 1,313 km
total: 535 km


border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km
Land use arable land:
8%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
76%

other:
16% (1993 est.)
arable land: 9.77%


permanent crops: 0.7%


other: 89.53% (1998 est.)
Languages Finnish 93.4% (official), Swedish 5.9% (official), small Lapp- and Russian-speaking minorities English (official, government business conducted in English), siSwati (official)
Legal system civil law system based on Swedish law; Supreme Court may request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts and Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 21 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - SDP 22.9%, Kesk 22.5%, Kok 21.0%, Leftist Alliance (Communist) 10.9%, SFP 5.1%, Green Union 7.2%, SKL 4.2%; seats by party - SDP 51, Kesk 48, Kok 46, Leftist Alliance (Communist) 20, SFP 11, Green Union 11, SKL 10, other 3
bicameral Parliament or Libandla, an advisory body, consists of the Senate (30 seats - 10 appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; members serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats - 10 appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; members serve five-year terms)


elections: House of Assembly - last held 18 October 2003 (next to be held NA October 2008)


election results: House of Assembly - balloting is done on a nonparty basis; candidates for election are nominated by the local council of each constituency and for each constituency the three candidates with the most votes in the first round of voting are narrowed to a single winner by a second round
Life expectancy at birth total population:
77.58 years

male:
73.92 years

female:
81.36 years (2001 est.)
total population: 39.47 years


male: 41.02 years


female: 37.87 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
100% (1980 est.)

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 81.6%


male: 82.6%


female: 80.8% (2003 est.)
Location Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa
Map references Europe Africa
Maritime claims continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive fishing zone:
12 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 NM)
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
98 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,172,808 GRT/1,138,175 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 9, cargo 23, chemical tanker 5, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 11, railcar carrier 1, roll on/roll off 37, short-sea passenger 11 (2000 est.)
-
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, Frontier Guard (includes Sea Guard) Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force (Army), Royal Swaziland Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.8 billion (FY98) $20 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2% (FY98) 4.75% (FY00)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,251,700 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 284,530 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,033,188 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 165,005 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age 17 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
33,883 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 6 December (1917) Independence Day, 6 September (1968)
Nationality noun:
Finn(s)

adjective:
Finnish
noun: Swazi(s)


adjective: Swazi
Natural hazards NA drought
Natural resources timber, copper, zinc, iron ore, silver asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc
Net migration rate 0.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines natural gas 580 km -
Political parties and leaders Center Party or Kesk [Esko AHO]; Finnish Christian Union or SKL [C. P. Bjarne KALLIS]; Green Union [Satu HASSI]; Leftist Alliance (Communist) composed of People's Democratic League and Democratic Alternative [Suvi-Anne SIIMES]; National Coalition (conservative) Party or Kok [Sauli NIINISTO]; Reform Group [Risto KUISMA]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Paavo LIPPONEN]; Swedish People's Party or SFP [Jan-Erik ENESTAM]; True Finns [Timo SOINI] political parties are banned by the constitution - the following are considered political associations; Imbokodvo National Movement or INM [leader NA]; Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]; Swaziland National Front or SWANAFRO [Elmond SHONGWE, president]
Political pressure groups and leaders Communist Workers Party [Timo LAHDENMAKI]; Constitutional Rightist Party; Finnish Communist Party-Unity [Yrjo HAKANEN]; Finnish Pensioners Party NA
Population 5,175,783 (July 2001 est.) 1,161,219


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 40% (1995)
Population growth rate 0.16% (2001 est.) 0.83% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors Hamina, Helsinki, Kokkola, Kotka, Loviisa, Oulu, Pori, Rauma, Turku, Uusikaupunki, Varkaus none
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 186, shortwave 1 (1998) AM 3, FM 2 plus 4 repeaters, shortwave 3 (2001)
Radios 7.7 million (1997) -
Railways total:
5,865 km

broad gauge:
5,865 km 1.524-m gauge (2,192 km electrified; 480 km double or multiple track) (1998)
total: 301 km


narrow gauge: 301 km 1.067-m gauge (2002)
Religions Evangelical Lutheran 89%, Greek Orthodox 1%, none 9%, other 1% Zionist (a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship) 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 10%, Anglican, Bahai, Methodist, Mormon, Jewish and other 30%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.63 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age
Telephone system general assessment:
modern system with excellent service

domestic:
cable, microwave radio relay, and an extensive cellular net provide domestic needs

international:
1 submarine cable; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden)
general assessment: a somewhat modern but not an advanced system


domestic: system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 2.861 million (1997) 38,500 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2,162,574 (1997) 45,000 (2001)
Television broadcast stations 130 (plus 385 repeaters) (1995) 5 plus 7 relay stations (2001)
Terrain mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains
Total fertility rate 1.7 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.92 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate 9.8% (2000 est.) 34% (2000 est.)
Waterways 6,675 km

note:
includes Saimaa Canal; 3,700 km suitable for large ships
none
Sitemap: Compare countries listing (map site) | Country listing (map site)
Links: Add to favorites | Information about this website | Stats | Polityka prywatnosci
This page was generated in ##czas## s. Size this page: ##rozmiar_strony## kB.