Compare Fiji (2004) - Malawi (2003)

Compare Fiji (2004) z Malawi (2003)

	Fiji (2004)	Malawi (2003)

Administrative divisions	4 divisions and 1 dependency; Central, Eastern, Northern, Rotuma, Western	27 districts; Balaka, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga (Kasupe), Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Phalombe, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba
Age structure	0-14 years: 31.7% (male 142,412; female 136,754) 15-64 years: 64.3% (male 283,690; female 283,027) 65 years and over: 4% (male 16,047; female 18,944) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 46.8% (male 2,748,058; female 2,698,052) 15-64 years: 50.5% (male 2,911,892; female 2,973,723) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 128,722; female 190,792) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	sugarcane, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), rice, sweet potatoes, bananas; cattle, pigs, horses, goats; fish	tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava (tapioca), sorghum, pulses; groundnuts, Macadamia nuts; cattle, goats
Airports	28 (2003 est.)	43 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 6 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 25 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 19 (2004 est.)	total: 37 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 14 under 914 m: 22 (2002)
Area	total: 18,270 sq km land: 18,270 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 118,480 sq km land: 94,080 sq km water: 24,400 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than New Jersey	slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
Background	Fiji became independent in 1970, after nearly a century as a British colony. Democratic rule was interrupted by two military coups in 1987, caused by concern over a government perceived as dominated by the Indian community (descendants of contract laborers brought to the islands by the British in the 19th century). A 1990 constitution favored native Melanesian control of Fiji, but led to heavy Indian emigration; the population loss resulted in economic difficulties, but ensured that Melanesians became the majority. Amendments enacted in 1997 made the constitution more equitable. Free and peaceful elections in 1999 resulted in a government led by an Indo-Fijian, but a coup in May 2000 ushered in a prolonged period of political turmoil. Parliamentary elections held in August 2001 provided Fiji with a democratically elected government and gave a mandate to the government of Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE.	Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule, the country held multiparty elections in 1994 under a provisional constitution, which took full effect the following year. National multiparty elections were held again in 1999.
Birth rate	22.91 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	44.7 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $427.9 million expenditures: $531.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)	revenues: $490 million expenditures: $523 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY 99/00 est.)
Capital	Suva (Viti Levu)	Lilongwe
Climate	tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation	sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)
Coastline	1,129 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	promulgated on 25 July 1990 and amended on 25 July 1997 to allow nonethnic Fijians greater say in government and to make multiparty government mandatory; entered into force 28 July 1998; note - the May 1999 election was the first test of the amended constitution and introduced open voting - not racially prescribed - for the first time at the national level	18 May 1994
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of the Fiji Islands conventional short form: Fiji	conventional long form: Republic of Malawi conventional short form: Malawi former: British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland
Currency	Fijian dollar (FJD)	Malawian kwacha (MWK)
Death rate	5.68 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	22.64 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$188.1 million (2001 est.)	$2.9 billion (2002)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador David L. LYON embassy: 31 Loftus Street, Suva mailing address: P. O. Box 218, Suva telephone: [679] 331-4466 FAX: [679] 330-0081	chief of mission: Ambassador Stephen BROWN embassy: Area 40, Plot 24, Kenyatta Road mailing address: P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi telephone: [265] (1) 773 166 FAX: [265] (1) 770 471
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Mr. Paula NAVUNISARAVI (Charge D'Affaires ad Interim) chancery: 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 240, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 337-8320 FAX: [1] (202) 337-1996	chief of mission: Ambassador Paul Tony Steven KANDIERO chancery: 2408 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 797-1007 FAX: [1] (202) 265-0976
Disputes - international	none	dispute with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River remain dormant
Economic aid - recipient	$40.3 million (1995)	$540 million (1999)
Economy - overview	Fiji, endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, is one of the most developed of the Pacific island economies, though still with a large subsistence sector. Sugar exports and a growing tourist industry - with 300,000 to 400,000 tourists annually - are the major sources of foreign exchange. Sugar processing makes up one-third of industrial activity. Long-term problems include low investment, uncertain land ownership rights, and the government's ability to manage its budget. Yet short-run economic prospects are good, provided tensions do not again erupt between indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians.	Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural, with about 90% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounted for nearly 40% of GDP and 88% of export revenues in 2001. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In late 2000, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. In November 2002 the World Bank approved a $50 million drought recovery package, which is to be used for famine relief. The government faces strong challenges, e.g., to fully develop a market economy, to improve educational facilities, to face up to environmental problems, to deal with the rapidly growing problem of HIV/AIDS, and to satisfy foreign donors that fiscal discipline is being tightened. The performance of the tobacco sector is key to short-term growth as tobacco accounts for over 50% of exports.
Electricity - consumption	483.7 million kWh (2001)	715.3 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	520.1 million kWh (2001)	769.2 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 3.3% hydro: 96.7% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Tomanivi 1,324 m	lowest point: junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m highest point: Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; soil erosion	deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	Fijian 51% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesian admixture), Indian 44%, European, other Pacific Islanders, overseas Chinese, and other 5% (1998 est.)	Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuka, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European
Exchange rates	Fijian dollars per US dollar - 1.8958 (2003), 2.1869 (2002), 2.2766 (2001), 2.1286 (2000), 1.9696 (1999)	Malawian kwachas per US dollar - 76.69 (2002), 72.2 (2001), 59.54 (2000), 44.09 (1999), 31.07 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Ratu Josefa ILOILOVATU Uluivuda (since 18 July 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE (since 10 September 2000) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among the members of Parliament and is responsible to Parliament; note - there is also a Presidential Council that advises the president on matters of national importance and a Great Council of Chiefs, which consists of the highest ranking members of the traditional chief system elections: president elected by the Great Council of Chiefs for a five-year term; prime minister appointed by the president election results: Ratu Josefa ILOILOVATU Uluivuda elected president by the Great Council of Chiefs; percent of vote - NA%	chief of state: President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: 46-member Cabinet named by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: Bakili MULUZI reelected president; percent of vote - Bakili MULUZI (UDF) 51.4%, Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA (MCP-AFORD) 44.3%
Exports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	sugar, garments, gold, timber, fish, molasses, coconut oil	tobacco 60%, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products, apparel
Exports - partners	US 23.7%, Australia 18.4%, UK 13.6%, Samoa 6%, Japan 4.8% (2003)	US 17.3%, Germany 13.6%, South Africa 10.2%, Egypt 6.2%, Japan 6%, Netherlands 5.5%, Russia 4.8%, UK 4.3% (2002)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield depicts a yellow lion above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George featuring stalks of sugarcane, a palm tree, bananas, and a white dove	three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band
GDP	purchasing power parity - $5.012 billion (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $6.811 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 16.6% industry: 22.4% services: 61% (2001 est.)	agriculture: 37% industry: 16% services: 47% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $5,800 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $600 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.8% (2003 est.)	1.7% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	18 00 S, 175 00 E	13 30 S, 34 00 E
Geography - note	includes 332 islands of which approximately 110 are inhabited	landlocked; Lake Nyasa, some 580 km long, is the country's most prominent physical feature
Government - note	-	the executive exerts considerable influence over the legislature
Highways	total: 3,440 km paved: 1,692 km unpaved: 1,748 km (1999 est.)	total: 28,400 km paved: 5,254 km unpaved: 23,146 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, food, chemicals	food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment
Imports - partners	Australia 35.1%, Singapore 19.2%, New Zealand 17.2%, Japan 4.9% (2003)	South Africa 44.4%, Zambia 12.7%, US 5.6%, India 4.2% (2002)
Independence	10 October 1970 (from UK)	6 July 1964 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	-0.8% (2002 est.)
Industries	tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small cottage industries	tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods
Infant mortality rate	total: 12.99 deaths/1,000 live births male: 14.36 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 105.15 deaths/1,000 live births male: 109.36 deaths/1,000 live births female: 100.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.6% (2002 est.)	27.4% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AsDB, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMISET, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	3 (2002)
Irrigated land	30 sq km (1998 est.)	280 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court of Appeal; High Court; Magistrates' Courts	Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts
Labor force	137,000 (1999)	4.5 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture, including subsistence agriculture 70% (2001 est.)	agriculture 86% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 2,881 km border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km
Land use	arable land: 10.95% permanent crops: 4.65% other: 84.4% (2001)	arable land: 19.93% permanent crops: 1.33% other: 78.74% (1998 est.)
Languages	English (official), Fijian, Hindustani	English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages important regionally
Legal system	based on British system	based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (34 seats; 24 appointed by the President on the advice of the Great Council of Chiefs, nine appointed by the president, and one appointed by the council of Rotuma) and the House of Representatives (71 seats; 23 reserved for ethnic Fijians, 19 reserved for ethnic Indians, three reserved for other ethnic groups, one reserved for the council of Rotuma constituency encompassing the whole of Fiji, and 25 open seats; members serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 25 August through 1 September, 19 September 2001 (next to be held not later than September 2006) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - FLP 26.5%, SDL 27.5%, NFP 1.2%, MV 4.2%, NLUP 1.3%, UGP .3%, independents 1.4%; seats by party - FLP 27, SDL 32, MV 6, NFP 1, NLUP 2, UGP 1, independents 2	unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - UDF 48%, MCP 34%, AFORD 15%, others 3%; seats by party - UDF 96, MCP 61, AFORD 30, others 6
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 69.2 years male: 66.74 years female: 71.79 years (2004 est.)	total population: 37.98 years male: 37.57 years female: 38.39 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93.7% male: 95.5% female: 91.9% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 62.7% male: 76.1% female: 49.8% (2003 est.)
Location	Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand	Southern Africa, east of Zambia
Map references	Oceania	Africa
Maritime claims	measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; rectilinear shelf claim added	none (landlocked)
Merchant marine	total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,372 GRT/7,453 DWT by type: chemical tanker 1, passenger 1 foreign-owned: Australia 1, Singapore 1 (2004 est.)	-
Military branches	Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF): Land Forces, Naval Division	Army (including Air Wing and Naval Detachment), Police (including paramilitary Mobile Force Unit)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$34 million (2003)	$13.01 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	2.2% (FY02)	0.7% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 239,221 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 2,625,495 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 131,349 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 1,347,248 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 9,302 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, second Monday of October (1970)	Independence Day (Republic Day), 6 July (1964)
Nationality	noun: Fijian(s) adjective: Fijian	noun: Malawian(s) adjective: Malawian
Natural hazards	cyclonic storms can occur from November to January	NA
Natural resources	timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower	limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite
Net migration rate	-3.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Bai Kei Viti Party or BKV [Ratu Tevita MOMOEDONU]; Conservative Alliance Party/Matanitu Vanua or MV [Ratu Rakuita VAKALALABURE]; Dodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; Fiji Democratic Party or FDP [Felipe BOLE] (a merger of the Christian Democrat Alliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian Association Party or FAP [Adi Kuini SPEED], Fijian Political Party or SVT (primarily Fijian) [Felipe BOLE], and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [Tupeni BABA]); Fiji Labor Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDRHRY]; General Voters Party or GVP [leader NA] (became part of United General Party); Girmit Heritage Party or GHP [leader NA]; Justice and Freedom Party or AIM [leader NA]; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party or LFR [leader NA]; National Federation Party or NFP (primarily Indian) [Pramond RAE]; Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA]; Party of National Unity or PANU [Meli BOGILEKA]; Party of the Truth or POTT [leader NA]; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua or SDL [Laisenia QARASE]; United General Party or UGP [Millis Mick BEDDOES]	Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO, president; Gwanda CHAKUAMBA, vice president]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Bakili MULUZI] - governing party
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	National Democratic Alliance [Brown MPINGANJIRA]
Population	880,874 (July 2004 est.)	11,651,239 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	25.5% (1990-91)	54% (FY 90/91 est.)
Population growth rate	1.41% (2004 est.)	2.21% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Lambasa, Lautoka, Levuka, Malau, Savusavu, Suva, Vuda	Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba
Radio broadcast stations	AM 13, FM 40, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 9, FM 5 (plus 15 repeater stations), shortwave 2 (plus a third station held in standby status) (2001)
Railways	total: 597 km narrow gauge: 597 km 0.600-m gauge note: belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation; used to haul sugarcane during harvest season (May to December) (2003)	total: 797 km narrow gauge: 797 km 1.067-m gauge (2002)
Religions	Christian 52% (Methodist 37%, Roman Catholic 9%), Hindu 38%, Muslim 8%, other 2% note: Fijians are mainly Christian, Indians are Hindu, and there is a Muslim minority (1986)	Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 3%, other 2%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	21 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated) public and special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio communications center domestic: NA international: country code - 679; access to important cable links between US and Canada as well as between NZ and Australia; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)	general assessment: NA domestic: system employs open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	102,000 (2003)	45,000 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular	109,900 (2003)	49,000 (2000)
Television broadcast stations	NA	1 (2001)
Terrain	mostly mountains of volcanic origin	narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains
Total fertility rate	2.78 children born/woman (2004 est.)	6.1 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	7.6% (1999)	NA%
Waterways	203 km note: 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges (2004)	144 km note: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire Riverall

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