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Compare Fiji (2003) - Libya (2001)

Compare Fiji (2003) z Libya (2001)

 Fiji (2003)Libya (2001)
 FijiLibya
Administrative divisions 4 divisions and 1 dependency*; Central, Eastern, Northern, Rotuma*, Western 25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions
Age structure 0-14 years: 32% (male 141,979; female 136,378)


15-64 years: 64.1% (male 278,759; female 278,150)


65 years and over: 3.8% (male 15,329; female 17,936) (2003 est.)
0-14 years:
35.41% (male 947,645; female 907,854)

15-64 years:
60.64% (male 1,645,085; female 1,533,066)

65 years and over:
3.95% (male 101,701; female 105,248) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products sugarcane, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), rice, sweet potatoes, bananas; cattle, pigs, horses, goats; fish wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle
Airports 27 (2002) 136 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 3


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
total:
58

over 3,047 m:
23

2,438 to 3,047 m:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
22

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 24


914 to 1,523 m: 6


under 914 m: 18 (2002)
total:
78

over 3,047 m:
4

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
14

914 to 1,523 m:
40

under 914 m:
18 (2000 est.)
Area total: 18,270 sq km


land: 18,270 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
1,759,540 sq km

land:
1,759,540 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than New Jersey slightly larger than Alaska
Background Fiji became independent in 1970, after nearly a century as a British colony. Democratic rule was interrupted by two military coups in 1987, caused by concern over a government perceived as dominated by the Indian community (descendants of contract laborers brought to the islands by the British in the 19th century). A 1990 constitution favored native Melanesian control of Fiji, but led to heavy Indian emigration; the population loss resulted in economic difficulties, but ensured that Melanesians became the majority. Amendments enacted in 1997 made the constitution more equitable. Free and peaceful elections in 1999 resulted in a government led by an Indo-Fijian, but a coup in May 2000 ushered in a prolonged period of political turmoil. Parliamentary elections held in August 2001 provided Fiji with a democratically elected government and gave a mandate to the government of Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE. Since he took power in a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI has espoused his own political system - a combination of socialism and Islam - which he calls the Third International Theory. Viewing himself as a revolutionary leader, he used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, even supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. Libyan military adventures failed, e.g., the prolonged foray of Libyan troops into the Aozou Strip in northern Chad was finally repulsed in 1987. Libyan support for terrorism decreased after UN sanctions were imposed in 1992. Those sanctions were suspended in April 1999.
Birth rate 23.06 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 27.67 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $427.9 million


expenditures: $531.4 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues:
$6.85 billion

expenditures:
$4.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Suva Tripoli
Climate tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
Coastline 1,129 km 1,770 km
Constitution promulgated on 25 July 1990 and amended on 25 July 1997 to allow nonethnic Fijians greater say in government and to make multiparty government mandatory; entered into force 28 July 1998; note - the May 1999 election was the first test of the amended constitution and introduced open voting - not racially prescribed - for the first time at the national level 11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977
Country name conventional long form: Republic of the Fiji Islands


conventional short form: Fiji
conventional long form:
Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

conventional short form:
Libya

local long form:
Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma

local short form:
none
Currency Fijian dollar (FJD) Libyan dinar (LYD)
Death rate 5.7 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 3.51 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $135.9 million (2000) $4.1 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador David L. LYON


embassy: 31 Loftus Street, Suva


mailing address: P. O. Box 218, Suva


telephone: [679] 331-4466


FAX: [679] 330-0081
the US suspended all embassy activities in Tripoli on 2 May 1980
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Anare JALE


chancery: 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 240, Washington, DC 20007


telephone: [1] (202) 337-8320


FAX: [1] (202) 337-1996
Libya does not have an embassy in the US
Disputes - international none Libya claims about 19,400 sq km in northern Niger and also a part of southeastern Algeria
Economic aid - recipient $40.3 million (1995) $8.4 million (1995)
Economy - overview Fiji, endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, is one of the most developed of the Pacific island economies, though still with a large subsistence sector. Sugar exports and a growing tourist industry - with 300,000 to 400,000 tourists annually - are the major sources of foreign exchange. Sugar processing makes up one-third of industrial activity. Long-term problems include low investment, uncertain land ownership rights, and the government's ability to manage its budget. The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contributes practically all export earnings and about one-quarter of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. In this statist society, import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food requirements. Higher oil prices in 1999 and 2000 led to an increase in export revenues, which improved macroeconomic balances and helped to stimulate the economy. Following the suspension of UN sanctions in 1999, Libya has been trying to increase its attractiveness to foreign investors, and several foreign companies have visited in search of contracts.
Electricity - consumption 483.7 million kWh (2001) 17.577 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 520.1 million kWh (2001) 18.9 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 18.5%


hydro: 81.5%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Tomanivi 1,324 m
lowest point:
Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m

highest point:
Bikku Bitti 2,267 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Climate Change, Desertification, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Biodiversity, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups Fijian 51% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesian admixture), Indian 44%, European, other Pacific Islanders, overseas Chinese, and other 5% (1998 est.) Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians
Exchange rates Fijian dollars per US dollar - 2.19 (2002), 2.28 (2001), 2.13 (2000), 1.97 (1999), 1.99 (1998) Libyan dinars per US dollar - 0.5101 (January 2001), 0.5081 (2000), 0.4616 (1999), 0.3785 (1998), 0.3891 (1997), 0.3651 (1996)

note:
Libya currently has two rates for foreign trade; one for government operations and foreign companies and one for Libyan individuals (0.45 dinars per US dollar in December 1998)
Executive branch chief of state: President Ratu Josefa ILOILOVATU Uluivuda (since NA 2000); Vice President Jope SENILOLI (since NA 2000)


head of government: Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE (since 10 September 2000)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among the members of Parliament and is responsible to Parliament; note - there is also a Presidential Council that advises the president on matters of national importance and a Great Council of Chiefs, which consists of the highest ranking members of the traditional chief system


elections: president elected by the Great Council of Chiefs for a five-year term; prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Ratu Josefa ILOILOVATU Uluivuda elected president by the Great Council of Chiefs; percent of vote - NA%
chief of state:
Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state

head of government:
Secretary of the General People's Committee (Premier) Mubarak al-SHAMEKH (since 2 March 2000)

cabinet:
General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress

elections:
national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held 2 March 2000 (next to be held NA)

election results:
Mubarak al-SHAMEKH elected premier; percent of General People's Congress vote - NA%
Exports NA (2001) $13.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities sugar, garments, gold, timber, fish, molasses, coconut oil crude oil, refined petroleum products
Exports - partners US 25.1%, Australia 19.5%, UK 10.6%, Japan 6.3%, Samoa 5.5% (2002) Italy 33%, Germany 24%, Spain 10%, France 5%, Turkey 4%, Tunisia 4% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield depicts a yellow lion above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George featuring stalks of sugarcane, a palm tree, bananas, and a white dove plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)
GDP purchasing power parity - $4.822 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $45.4 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 17%


industry: 25%


services: 58% (2000 est.)
agriculture:
7%

industry:
47%

services:
46% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $5,600 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $8,900 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.6% (2002 est.) 6.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 18 00 S, 175 00 E 25 00 N, 17 00 E
Geography - note includes 332 islands of which approximately 110 are inhabited -
Highways total: 3,440 km


paved: 1,692 km


unpaved: 1,748 km (1999 est.)
total:
24,484 km

paved:
6,800 km

unpaved:
17,684 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports NA (2001) $7.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, food, chemicals machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods
Imports - partners Australia 37.3%, New Zealand 17.2%, Singapore 16.1%, Japan 4.2%, China 4% (2002) Italy 24%, Germany 12%, Tunisia 9%, UK 7%, France 6%, South Korea 5% (1999)
Independence 10 October 1970 (from UK) 24 December 1951 (from Italy)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small cottage industries petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement
Infant mortality rate total: 13.35 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 14.75 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 11.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
28.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2% (2002 est.) 18.5% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, C, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, OPCW, PCA, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMISET, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 30 sq km (1998 est.) 4,700 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court of Appeal; High Court; Magistrates' Courts Supreme Court
Labor force 137,000 (1999) 1.5 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture, including subsistence agriculture 70% (2001 est.) services and government 54%, industry 29%, agriculture 17% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
4,383 km

border countries:
Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,150 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
Land use arable land: 10.95%


permanent crops: 4.65%


other: 84.4% (1998 est.)
arable land:
1%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
8%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
91% (1993 est.)
Languages English (official), Fijian, Hindustani Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities
Legal system based on British system based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (34 seats; 24 appointed by the Great Council of Chiefs, nine appointed by the president, and one appointed by the council of Rotuma) and the House of Representatives (71 seats; 23 reserved for ethnic Fijians, 19 reserved for ethnic Indians, three reserved for other ethnic groups, one reserved for the council of Rotuma constituency encompassing the whole of Fiji, and 25 open seats; members serve five-year terms)


elections: House of Representatives - last held 25 August through 1 September, 19 September 2001 (next to be held not later than September 2006)


election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - FLP 34.8%, SDL 26%, NFP 10.1%, MV 9.9%, independents 2.7%, other 16.5%; seats by party - NA
unicameral General People's Congress (NA seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)
Life expectancy at birth total population: 68.88 years


male: 66.43 years


female: 71.44 years (2003 est.)
total population:
75.65 years

male:
73.53 years

female:
77.88 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 93.7%


male: 95.5%


female: 91.9% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
76.2%

male:
87.9%

female:
63% (1995 est.)
Location Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia
Map references Oceania Africa
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; rectilinear shelf claim added


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
territorial sea:
12 NM

note:
Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north
Merchant marine total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 11,870 GRT/14,787 DWT


ships by type: chemical tanker 2, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 1, Singapore 4
(2002 est.)
total:
28 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 399,725 GRT/654,843 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 10, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 6, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 4 (2000 est.)
Military branches Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF), includes ground forces, naval division Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Command
Military expenditures - dollar figure $39.21 million (FY02) $1.3 billion (FY99/00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.2% (FY02) 3.9% (FY99/00)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 235,546 (2003 est.) males age 15-49:
1,459,400 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 129,432 (2003 est.) males age 15-49:
866,012 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2003 est.) 17 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 9,359 (2003 est.) males:
61,694 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, second Monday of October (1970) Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)
Nationality noun: Fijian(s)


adjective: Fijian
noun:
Libyan(s)

adjective:
Libyan
Natural hazards cyclonic storms can occur from November to January hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
Natural resources timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
Net migration rate -3.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 4,383 km; petroleum products 443 km (includes liquefied petroleum gas or LPG 256 km); natural gas 1,947 km
Political parties and leaders Bai Kei Viti Party or BKV [Ratu Tevita MOMOEDONU]; Conservative Alliance Party/Matanitu Vanua or MV [Ratu Rakuita VAKALALABURE]; Dodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; Fiji Democratic Party or FDP [Felipe BOLE] (a merger of the Christian Democrat Alliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian Association Party or FAP [Adi Kuini SPEED], Fijian Political Party or SVT (primarily Fijian) [Felipe BOLE], and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [Tupeni BABA]); Fiji Labor Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDRHRY]; General Voters Party or GVP [leader NA] (became part of United General Party); Girmit Heritage Party or GHP [leader NA]; Justice and Freedom Party or AIM [leader NA]; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party or LFR [leader NA]; National Federation Party or NFP (primarily Indian) [Pramond RAE]; Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA]; Party of National Unity or PANU [Meli BOGILEKA]; Party of the Truth or POTT [leader NA]; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua or SDL [Laisenia QARASE]; United General Party or UGP [Millis Mick BEDDOES] none
Political pressure groups and leaders NA various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements
Population 868,531 (July 2003 est.) 5,240,599

note:
includes 662,669 non-nationals, of which an estimated 500,000 or more are Africans living in Libya (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 25.5% (1990-91) NA%
Population growth rate 1.41% (2003 est.) 2.42% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Lambasa, Lautoka, Levuka, Malau, Savusavu, Suva, Vuda Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah
Radio broadcast stations AM 13, FM 40, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 17, FM 4, shortwave 3 (1998)
Radios - 1.35 million (1997)
Railways total: 597 km


narrow gauge: 597 km 0.600-m gauge


note: belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation; used to haul sugarcane during harvest season (May to September) (2002)
note:
Libya has had no railroad in operation since 1965, all previous systems having been dismantled; current plans are to construct a 1.435-m standard gauge line from the Tunisian frontier to Tripoli and Misratah, then inland to Sabha, center of a mineral-rich area, but there has been little progress; other plans made jointly with Egypt would establish a rail line from As Sallum, Egypt, to Tobruk with completion originally set for mid-1994; Libya signed contracts with two private companies - Bahne of Egypt and Jez Sistemas Ferroviarios of Spain - in 1998 for the supply of crossings and pointwork (1001)
Religions Christian 52% (Methodist 37%, Roman Catholic 9%), Hindu 38%, Muslim 8%, other 2%


note: Fijians are mainly Christian, Indians are Hindu, and there is a Muslim minority (1986)
Sunni Muslim 97%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.97 male(s)/female

total population:
1.06 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment: modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated) public and special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio communications center


domestic: NA


international: access to important cable links between US and Canada as well as between NZ and Australia; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
general assessment:
telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996

domestic:
microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations

international:
satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999)
Telephones - main lines in use 80,901 (1999) 380,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 5,200 (1997) NA
Television broadcast stations NA 12 (plus one low-power repeater) (1998)
Terrain mostly mountains of volcanic origin mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
Total fertility rate 2.81 children born/woman (2003 est.) 3.64 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 7.6% (1999) 30% (2000 est.)
Waterways 203 km


note: 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges
none
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