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Compare Ethiopia (2001) - Monaco (2007)

Compare Ethiopia (2001) z Monaco (2007)

 Ethiopia (2001)Monaco (2007)
 EthiopiaMonaco
Administrative divisions 9 ethnically-based states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 self-governing administrations* (astedaderoch, singular - astedader): Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa); Afar; Amara, Binshangul Gumuz; Dire Dawa*; Gambela Hizboch; Hareri Hizb; Oromiya; Sumale; Tigray; YeDebub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region) none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Age structure 0-14 years:
47.18% (male 15,647,675; female 15,442,348)

15-64 years:
50.03% (male 16,584,765; female 16,378,060)

65 years and over:
2.79% (male 834,825; female 1,004,201) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 15% (male 2,514/female 2,394)


15-64 years: 62.3% (male 10,047/female 10,312)


65 years and over: 22.7% (male 3,019/female 4,385) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, sugarcane, potatoes, qat; hides, cattle, sheep, goats none
Airports 86 (2000 est.) -
Airports - with paved runways total:
12

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
-
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
74

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
7

1,524 to 2,437 m:
10

914 to 1,523 m:
35

under 914 m:
20 (2000 est.)
-
Area total:
1,127,127 sq km

land:
1,119,683 sq km

water:
7,444 sq km
total: 1.95 sq km


land: 1.95 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Texas about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule, one exception being the Italian occupation of 1936-41. In 1974 a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), in 1991. A constitution was adopted in 1994 and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A two and a half year border war with Eritrea that ended with a peace treaty on 12 December 2000 has strengthened the ruling coalition, but has hurt the nation's economy. The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family secured control in the late 13th century, and a principality was established in 1338. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
Birth rate 44.68 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 9.12 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues:
$1 billion

expenditures:
$1.48 billion, including capital expenditures of $415 million (FY96/97)
revenues: $863 million


expenditures: $920.6 million (2005 est.)
Capital Addis Ababa name: Monaco


geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 4.1 km
Constitution ratified December 1994; effective 22 August 1995 17 December 1962
Country name conventional long form:
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

conventional short form:
Ethiopia

local long form:
Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik

local short form:
Ityop'iya

former:
Abyssinia, Italian East Africa

abbreviation:
FDRE
conventional long form: Principality of Monaco


conventional short form: Monaco


local long form: Principaute de Monaco


local short form: Monaco
Currency birr (ETB) -
Death rate 17.84 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 12.92 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $10 billion (1999 est.) $18 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Tibor P. NAGY, Jr.

embassy:
Entoto Street, Addis Ababa

mailing address:
P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa

telephone:
[251] (1) 550666

FAX:
[251] (1) 551328
the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France), under the authority of the US ambassador to France, handles routine diplomatic and consular matters concerning Monaco
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant)

chancery:
3506 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 364-1200

FAX:
[1] (202) 686-9857
chief of mission: Ambassador to the US and UN Gilles NOGHES


chancery: 565 Fifth Avenue, 3rd floor, New York, NY 10017


telephone: (212) 286-0500


FAX: (212) 286-1574
Disputes - international most of the southern half of the boundary with Somalia is a Provisional Administrative Line; as a result of the 12 December 2000 peace agreement ending a two year war with Eritrea, the UN will administer a 25-km wide temporary security zone within Eritrea until a joint boundary commission delimits and demarcates a final boundary; dispute over alignment of boundary with Eritrea led to armed conflict in 1998; a peace accord signed in December 2000 provides for UN-assisted arbitration and demarcation of the border none
Economic aid - recipient $367 million (FY95/96) $NA
Economy - overview Ethiopia's economy is based on agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, 90% of exports, and 80% of total employment. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent periods of drought and poor cultivation practices, and as many as 4.6 million people need food assistance annually. Coffee is critical to the Ethiopian economy, and Ethiopia earned $267 million in 1999 by exporting 105,000 metric tons. According to current estimates, coffee contributes 10% of Ethiopia's GDP. More than 15 million people (25% of the population) derive their livelihood from the coffee sector. Other exports include live animals, hides, gold, and qat. In December 1999, Ethiopia signed a $1.4 billion joint venture deal to develop a huge natural gas field in the Somali Regional State. The war with Eritrea forced the government to spend scarce resources on the military and to scale back ambitious development plans. Foreign investment has declined significantly. Government taxes imposed in late 1999 to raise money for the war depressed an already weak economy. The war forced the government to improve roads and other parts of the previously neglected infrastructure, but only certain regions of the nation benefited. Recovery from the war is mostly contingent on natural factors. A drought has continued into the end of 2000 and food relief is expected to be needed through mid-2001 at least. Ethiopia may receive Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief by the end of the year. Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas.
Electricity - consumption 1.511 billion kWh (1999) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France
Electricity - production 1.625 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
3.08%

hydro:
96.92%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Denakil Depression -125 m

highest point:
Ras Dejen 4,620 m
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Oromo 40%, Amhara and Tigre 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1% French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Exchange rates birr per US dollar (end of period) - 8.3140 (December 2000), 8.3140 (2000), 8.1340 (1999), 7.5030 (1998), 6.8640 (1997), 6.4260 (1996)

note:
since May 1993, the birr market rate has been determined in an interbank market supported by weekly wholesale auction
euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002)
Executive branch chief of state:
President NEGASSO Gidada (since 22 August 1995)

head of government:
Prime Minister MELES Zenawi (since NA August 1995)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers as provided for in the December 1994 constitution; ministers are selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representatives

elections:
president elected by the House of People's Representatives for a six-year term; election last held NA June 1995 (next to be held NA May 2001); prime minister designated by the party in power following legislative elections

election results:
NEGASSO Gidada elected president; percent of vote by the House of People's Representatives - NA%
chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)


head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005)


cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
Exports $460 million (f.o.b., 1999) $716.3 million


note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005)
Exports - commodities coffee, gold, leather products, oilseeds, qat -
Exports - partners Germany 16%, Japan 13%, Djibouti 10%, Saudi Arabia 7% (1999 est.) -
Fiscal year 8 July - 7 July calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
GDP purchasing power parity - $39.2 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
45%

industry:
12%

services:
43% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 0%


industry: 4.9%


services: 95.1% (2005)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $600 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 2% (2000 est.) 0.9% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 00 N, 38 00 E 43 44 N, 7 24 E
Geography - note landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993 second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban
Heliports - 1 (2007)
Highways total:
24,145 km

paved:
3,290 km

unpaved:
20,855 km (1998)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3%

highest 10%:
33.7% (1995)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia -
Imports $1.25 billion (f.o.b., 1999) $916.1 million


note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005)
Imports - commodities food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles -
Imports - partners Saudi Arabia 28%, Italy 10%, Russia 7%, US 6% (1999 est.) -
Independence oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years 1419 (beginning of rule by the House of Grimaldi)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
Infant mortality rate 99.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 5.27 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 6.09 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5% (2000 est.) 1.9% (2000)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 1,900 sq km (1993 est.) NA
Judicial branch Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council) Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
Labor force NA 44,000


note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2005 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, government and services 12%, industry and construction 8% (1985) -
Land boundaries total:
5,311 km

border countries:
Djibouti 337 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 830 km, Somalia 1,626 km, Sudan 1,606 km
total: 4.4 km


border countries: France 4.4 km
Land use arable land:
12%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
40%

forests and woodland:
25%

other:
22% (1993 est.)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
Languages Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools) French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Legal system currently transitional mix of national and regional courts based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Federation or upper chamber (108 seats; members are chosen by state assemblies to serve five-year terms) and the House of People's Representatives or lower chamber (548 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote from single-member districts to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 14 May 2000 (next to be held NA May 2005)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - OPDO 177, ANDM 134, TPLF 38, WGGPDO 27, EPRDF 19, SPDO 18, GNDM 15, KSPDO 10, ANDP 8, GPRDF 7, SOPDM 7, BGPDUF 6, BMPDO 5, KAT 4, other regional political groupings 22, independents 8; note - 43 seats unconfirmed

note:
irregularities and violence at a number of polling stations necessitated the rescheduling of voting in certain constituencies; voting postponed in Somali regional state because of severe drought
unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held February 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3
Life expectancy at birth total population:
44.68 years

male:
43.88 years

female:
45.51 years (2001 est.)
total population: 79.82 years


male: 75.99 years


female: 83.85 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
35.5%

male:
45.5%

female:
25.3% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 99% (2003 est.)
Location Eastern Africa, west of Somalia Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Map references Africa Europe
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm
Merchant marine total:
11 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 85,382 GRT/108,526 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 6, container 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 3 (2000 est.)
registered in other countries: 64 (Bahamas 11, Barbados 1, Georgia 10, Isle of Man 3, Liberia 8, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 7, Norway 5, Panama 11, St Kitts and Nevis 1, St Vincent and The Grenadines 6, unknown 1) (2007)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of France; the Palace Guard performs ceremonial duties (2003)
Military branches Ground Forces, Air Force, Police, Militia

note:
Ethiopia is landlocked and has no navy; following the independence of Eritrea, Ethiopian naval facilities remained in Eritrean possession and ships which belonged to the former Ethiopian Navy and based at Djibouti have been sold
-
Military expenditures - dollar figure $138 million (FY98/99) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.5% (FY98/99) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
14,537,884 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
7,581,815 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
703,625 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday National Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991) National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857)
Nationality noun:
Ethiopian(s)

adjective:
Ethiopian
noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)


adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Natural hazards geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts NA
Natural resources small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower none
Net migration rate 0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note:
repatriation of Ethiopians who fled to Sudan for refuge from war and famine in earlier years is expected to continue for several years; small numbers of Sudanese and Somali refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries, continue to return to their homes
7.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [leader NA]; All-Amhara People's Organization or AAPO [KEGNAZ MATCH Neguea Tibeb]; Amhara National Democratic Movement or ANDM [TEFERA Walwa]; Bench Madji People's Democratic Organization or BMPDO [leader NA]; Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF [leader NA]; Coalition of Alternative Forces for Peace and Democracy or CAFPD [Kifle TIGNEH Abate and BEYENE Petros]; Ethiopian Democratic Unity Party or EDUP [Lt. Gen. TESFAYE Gebre Kidan]; Ethiopian National Democratic Party or ENDP [FEKADU Gedamu]; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [MELES Zenawi] (an alliance of the ANDM, OPDO, and TPLF); Gedeyo People's Revolutionary Democratic Movement or GPRDF [leader NA]; Gurange Nationalities Democratic Movement or GNDM [leader NA]; Kafa Shaka People's Democratic Organization or KSPDO [leader NA]; Kembata, Alabaa, and Tembaro or KAT [leader NA]; Oromo Liberation Front or OLF [DAOUD Ibsa Gudina]; Oromo People's Democratic Organization or OPDO [KUMA Demeksa]; Sidama People's Democratic Organization or SPDO [leader NA]; South Omo People's Democratic Movement or SOPDM [leader NA]; Tigrai People's Liberation Front or TPLF [MELES Zenawi]; Walayta, Gamo, Gofa, Dawro, Konta People's Democratic Organization or WGGPDO [leader NA]; dozens of small parties National and Democratic Union or UND [Guy MAGNAN]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM)
Political pressure groups and leaders Southern Ethiopia People's Democratic Coalition; numerous small, ethnically based groups have formed since the defeat of the former MENGISTU regime in 1991, including several Islamic militant groups NA
Population 65,891,874

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
32,671 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 2.7% (2001 est.) 0.386% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors none; Ethiopia is landlocked and was by agreement with Eritrea using the ports of Assab and Massawa; since the border dispute with Eritrea flared, Ethiopia has used the port of Djibouti for nearly all of its imports -
Radio broadcast stations AM 5, FM 0, shortwave 2 (1999) AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)
Radios 11.75 million (1997) -
Railways total:
681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)

narrow gauge:
681 km 1.000-m gauge

note:
in April 1998, Djibouti and Ethiopia announced plans to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals; since May 1998 Ethiopia has expended considerable effort to repair and maintain the lines
-
Religions Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, animist 12%, other 3%-8% Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.83 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.974 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.688 male(s)/female


total population: 0.912 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
open wire and microwave radio relay system adequate for government use

domestic:
open wire; microwave radio relay; radio communication in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequencies; two domestic satellites provide the national trunk service

international:
open wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean)
general assessment: modern automatic telephone system


domestic: NA


international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
Telephones - main lines in use 157,000 (1997) 34,000 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 4,000 (1999) 17,200 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 25 (1999) 5 (1998)
Terrain high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley hilly, rugged, rocky
Total fertility rate 7 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.75 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 0% (2005)
Waterways none -
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