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Compare Ethiopia (2001) - Greenland (2007)

Compare Ethiopia (2001) z Greenland (2007)

 Ethiopia (2001)Greenland (2007)
 EthiopiaGreenland
Administrative divisions 9 ethnically-based states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 self-governing administrations* (astedaderoch, singular - astedader): Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa); Afar; Amara, Binshangul Gumuz; Dire Dawa*; Gambela Hizboch; Hareri Hizb; Oromiya; Sumale; Tigray; YeDebub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region) 3 districts (landsdele); Avannaa (Nordgronland), Tunu (Ostgronland), Kitaa (Vestgronland)


note: there are 18 municipalities in Greenland
Age structure 0-14 years:
47.18% (male 15,647,675; female 15,442,348)

15-64 years:
50.03% (male 16,584,765; female 16,378,060)

65 years and over:
2.79% (male 834,825; female 1,004,201) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 24% (male 6,926/female 6,597)


15-64 years: 69.1% (male 20,901/female 18,012)


65 years and over: 6.9% (male 1,873/female 2,035) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, sugarcane, potatoes, qat; hides, cattle, sheep, goats forage crops, garden and greenhouse vegetables; sheep, reindeer; fish
Airports 86 (2000 est.) 14 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
12

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 9


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 5 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
74

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
7

1,524 to 2,437 m:
10

914 to 1,523 m:
35

under 914 m:
20 (2000 est.)
total: 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 2 (2007)
Area total:
1,127,127 sq km

land:
1,119,683 sq km

water:
7,444 sq km
total: 2,166,086 sq km


land: 2,166,086 sq km (410,449 sq km ice-free, 1,755,637 sq km ice-covered) (2000 est.)
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Texas slightly more than three times the size of Texas
Background Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule, one exception being the Italian occupation of 1936-41. In 1974 a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), in 1991. A constitution was adopted in 1994 and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A two and a half year border war with Eritrea that ended with a peace treaty on 12 December 2000 has strengthened the ruling coalition, but has hurt the nation's economy. Greenland, the world's largest island, is about 81% ice-capped. Vikings reached the island in the 10th century from Iceland; Danish colonization began in the 18th century, and Greenland was made an integral part of Denmark in 1953. It joined the European Community (now the EU) with Denmark in 1973, but withdrew in 1985 over a dispute centered on stringent fishing quotas. Greenland was granted self-government in 1979 by the Danish parliament; the law went into effect the following year. Denmark continues to exercise control of Greenland's foreign affairs in consultation with Greenland's Home Rule Government.
Birth rate 44.68 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 16.01 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues:
$1 billion

expenditures:
$1.48 billion, including capital expenditures of $415 million (FY96/97)
revenues: $1.36 billion


expenditures: $1.27 billion (2005)
Capital Addis Ababa name: Nuuk (Godthab)


geographic coordinates: 64 11 N, 51 45 W


time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October


note: Greenland is divided into four time zones
Climate tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 44,087 km
Constitution ratified December 1994; effective 22 August 1995 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Country name conventional long form:
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

conventional short form:
Ethiopia

local long form:
Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik

local short form:
Ityop'iya

former:
Abyssinia, Italian East Africa

abbreviation:
FDRE
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Greenland


local long form: none


local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat
Currency birr (ETB) -
Death rate 17.84 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 7.93 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $10 billion (1999 est.) $25 million (1999)
Dependency status - part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1979
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Tibor P. NAGY, Jr.

embassy:
Entoto Street, Addis Ababa

mailing address:
P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa

telephone:
[251] (1) 550666

FAX:
[251] (1) 551328
none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant)

chancery:
3506 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 364-1200

FAX:
[1] (202) 686-9857
none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)
Disputes - international most of the southern half of the boundary with Somalia is a Provisional Administrative Line; as a result of the 12 December 2000 peace agreement ending a two year war with Eritrea, the UN will administer a 25-km wide temporary security zone within Eritrea until a joint boundary commission delimits and demarcates a final boundary; dispute over alignment of boundary with Eritrea led to armed conflict in 1998; a peace accord signed in December 2000 provides for UN-assisted arbitration and demarcation of the border managed dispute between Canada and Denmark over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Canada's Ellesmere Island and Greenland
Economic aid - recipient $367 million (FY95/96) $512 million; note - subsidy from Denmark (2005)
Economy - overview Ethiopia's economy is based on agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, 90% of exports, and 80% of total employment. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent periods of drought and poor cultivation practices, and as many as 4.6 million people need food assistance annually. Coffee is critical to the Ethiopian economy, and Ethiopia earned $267 million in 1999 by exporting 105,000 metric tons. According to current estimates, coffee contributes 10% of Ethiopia's GDP. More than 15 million people (25% of the population) derive their livelihood from the coffee sector. Other exports include live animals, hides, gold, and qat. In December 1999, Ethiopia signed a $1.4 billion joint venture deal to develop a huge natural gas field in the Somali Regional State. The war with Eritrea forced the government to spend scarce resources on the military and to scale back ambitious development plans. Foreign investment has declined significantly. Government taxes imposed in late 1999 to raise money for the war depressed an already weak economy. The war forced the government to improve roads and other parts of the previously neglected infrastructure, but only certain regions of the nation benefited. Recovery from the war is mostly contingent on natural factors. A drought has continued into the end of 2000 and food relief is expected to be needed through mid-2001 at least. Ethiopia may receive Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief by the end of the year. The economy remains critically dependent on exports of fish and substantial support from the Danish Government, which supplies about half of government revenues. The public sector, including publicly-owned enterprises and the municipalities, plays the dominant role in the economy. Several interesting hydrocarbon and mineral exploration activities are ongoing. Press reports in early 2007 indicated that two international aluminum companies were considering building smelters in Greenland to take advantage of local hydropower potential. Tourism is the only sector offering any near-term potential, and even this is limited due to a short season and high costs. Air Greenland announced plans to begin summer-season direct flights to the U.S. east coast in May 2007 potentially opening a major new tourism market.
Electricity - consumption 1.511 billion kWh (1999) 279 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production 1.625 billion kWh (1999) 300 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
3.08%

hydro:
96.92%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Denakil Depression -125 m

highest point:
Ras Dejen 4,620 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Gunnbjorn 3,700 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification protection of the arctic environment; preservation of the Inuit traditional way of life, including whaling and seal hunting
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
-
Ethnic groups Oromo 40%, Amhara and Tigre 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1% Greenlander 88% (Inuit and Greenland-born whites), Danish and others 12% (2000)
Exchange rates birr per US dollar (end of period) - 8.3140 (December 2000), 8.3140 (2000), 8.1340 (1999), 7.5030 (1998), 6.8640 (1997), 6.4260 (1996)

note:
since May 1993, the birr market rate has been determined in an interbank market supported by weekly wholesale auction
Danish kroner per US dollar - 5.9468 (2006), 5.9969 (2005), 5.9911 (2004), 6.5877 (2003), 7.8947 (2002)
Executive branch chief of state:
President NEGASSO Gidada (since 22 August 1995)

head of government:
Prime Minister MELES Zenawi (since NA August 1995)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers as provided for in the December 1994 constitution; ministers are selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representatives

elections:
president elected by the House of People's Representatives for a six-year term; election last held NA June 1995 (next to be held NA May 2001); prime minister designated by the party in power following legislative elections

election results:
NEGASSO Gidada elected president; percent of vote by the House of People's Representatives - NA%
chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II of Denmark (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Soren MOLLER (since April 2005)


head of government: Prime Minister Hans ENOKSEN (since 14 December 2002)


cabinet: Home Rule Government is elected by the parliament (Landstinget) on the basis of the strength of parties


elections: the monarchy is hereditary; high commissioner appointed by the monarch; prime minister is elected by parliament (usually the leader of the majority party);


election results: Hans ENOKSEN reelected prime minister


note: government coalition - Siumut and Inuit Ataqatigiit
Exports $460 million (f.o.b., 1999) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities coffee, gold, leather products, oilseeds, qat fish and fish products 94% (prawns 63%)
Exports - partners Germany 16%, Japan 13%, Djibouti 10%, Saudi Arabia 7% (1999 est.) Denmark 67.8%, Japan 11.9%, China 5.5% (2006)
Fiscal year 8 July - 7 July calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white
GDP purchasing power parity - $39.2 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
45%

industry:
12%

services:
43% (1999 est.)
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $600 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 2% (2000 est.) 2% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 00 N, 38 00 E 72 00 N, 40 00 W
Geography - note landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993 dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements along coast, but close to one-quarter of the population lives in the capital, Nuuk; world's second largest ice cap
Highways total:
24,145 km

paved:
3,290 km

unpaved:
20,855 km (1998)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3%

highest 10%:
33.7% (1995)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia -
Imports $1.25 billion (f.o.b., 1999) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, petroleum products
Imports - partners Saudi Arabia 28%, Italy 10%, Russia 7%, US 6% (1999 est.) Denmark 69.9%, Sweden 16.3%, Norway 3.7% (2006)
Independence oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years none (extensive self-rule as part of the Kingdom of Denmark; foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating to Greenland)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut); gold, niobium, tantalite, uranium, iron and diamond mining; handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards
Infant mortality rate 99.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 14.98 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 16.32 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 13.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5% (2000 est.) 1% (2005 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO Arctic Council, NC, NIB, UPU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 1,900 sq km (1993 est.) NA
Judicial branch Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council) High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in Copenhagen)
Labor force NA 32,120 (2004)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, government and services 12%, industry and construction 8% (1985) -
Land boundaries total:
5,311 km

border countries:
Djibouti 337 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 830 km, Somalia 1,626 km, Sudan 1,606 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
12%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
40%

forests and woodland:
25%

other:
22% (1993 est.)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)
Languages Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools) Greenlandic (East Inuit), Danish, English
Legal system currently transitional mix of national and regional courts the laws of Denmark, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Federation or upper chamber (108 seats; members are chosen by state assemblies to serve five-year terms) and the House of People's Representatives or lower chamber (548 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote from single-member districts to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 14 May 2000 (next to be held NA May 2005)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - OPDO 177, ANDM 134, TPLF 38, WGGPDO 27, EPRDF 19, SPDO 18, GNDM 15, KSPDO 10, ANDP 8, GPRDF 7, SOPDM 7, BGPDUF 6, BMPDO 5, KAT 4, other regional political groupings 22, independents 8; note - 43 seats unconfirmed

note:
irregularities and violence at a number of polling stations necessitated the rescheduling of voting in certain constituencies; voting postponed in Somali regional state because of severe drought
unicameral Parliament or Landstinget (31 seats; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held on 15 November 2005 (next to be held by December 2009)


election results: percent of vote by party - Siumut 30.7%, Demokratiit 22.8%, IA 22.6%, Atassut Party 19.1%; Katusseqatigiit 4.1%, other 0.7%; seats by party - Siumut 10, Demokratiit 7, IA 7, Atassut 6, Katusseqatigiit 1


note: two representatives were elected to the Danish Parliament or Folketing on 8 February 2005 (next to be held in February 2009); percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Siumut 1, Inuit Ataqatigiit 1
Life expectancy at birth total population:
44.68 years

male:
43.88 years

female:
45.51 years (2001 est.)
total population: 70.23 years


male: 66.65 years


female: 73.9 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
35.5%

male:
45.5%

female:
25.3% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 100%


male: 100%


female: 100% (2001 est.)
Location Eastern Africa, west of Somalia Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada
Map references Africa Arctic Region
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 3 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line


continental shelf: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line
Merchant marine total:
11 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 85,382 GRT/108,526 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 6, container 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 3 (2000 est.)
total: 2 ships (1000 GRT or over) 3,422 GRT/2,340 DWT


by type: cargo 1, passenger 1


registered in other countries: 1 (Denmark 1) (2007)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of Denmark
Military branches Ground Forces, Air Force, Police, Militia

note:
Ethiopia is landlocked and has no navy; following the independence of Eritrea, Ethiopian naval facilities remained in Eritrean possession and ships which belonged to the former Ethiopian Navy and based at Djibouti have been sold
-
Military expenditures - dollar figure $138 million (FY98/99) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.5% (FY98/99) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
14,537,884 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
7,581,815 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
703,625 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday National Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991) June 21 (longest day)
Nationality noun:
Ethiopian(s)

adjective:
Ethiopian
noun: Greenlander(s)


adjective: Greenlandic
Natural hazards geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island
Natural resources small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, molybdenum, diamonds, gold, platinum, niobium, tantalite, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas
Net migration rate 0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note:
repatriation of Ethiopians who fled to Sudan for refuge from war and famine in earlier years is expected to continue for several years; small numbers of Sudanese and Somali refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries, continue to return to their homes
-8.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [leader NA]; All-Amhara People's Organization or AAPO [KEGNAZ MATCH Neguea Tibeb]; Amhara National Democratic Movement or ANDM [TEFERA Walwa]; Bench Madji People's Democratic Organization or BMPDO [leader NA]; Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF [leader NA]; Coalition of Alternative Forces for Peace and Democracy or CAFPD [Kifle TIGNEH Abate and BEYENE Petros]; Ethiopian Democratic Unity Party or EDUP [Lt. Gen. TESFAYE Gebre Kidan]; Ethiopian National Democratic Party or ENDP [FEKADU Gedamu]; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [MELES Zenawi] (an alliance of the ANDM, OPDO, and TPLF); Gedeyo People's Revolutionary Democratic Movement or GPRDF [leader NA]; Gurange Nationalities Democratic Movement or GNDM [leader NA]; Kafa Shaka People's Democratic Organization or KSPDO [leader NA]; Kembata, Alabaa, and Tembaro or KAT [leader NA]; Oromo Liberation Front or OLF [DAOUD Ibsa Gudina]; Oromo People's Democratic Organization or OPDO [KUMA Demeksa]; Sidama People's Democratic Organization or SPDO [leader NA]; South Omo People's Democratic Movement or SOPDM [leader NA]; Tigrai People's Liberation Front or TPLF [MELES Zenawi]; Walayta, Gamo, Gofa, Dawro, Konta People's Democratic Organization or WGGPDO [leader NA]; dozens of small parties Atassut Party (Solidarity) [Finn KARLSEN] (a conservative party favoring continuing close relations with Denmark); Demokratiit [Per BERTHELSEN]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (Eskimo Brotherhood) [Josef MOTZFELDT] (a leftist party favoring complete independence from Denmark rather than home rule); Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List) (an independent right-of-center party with no official platform); Siumut (Forward Party) [Hans ENOKSEN] (a social democratic party advocating more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark)
Political pressure groups and leaders Southern Ethiopia People's Democratic Coalition; numerous small, ethnically based groups have formed since the defeat of the former MENGISTU regime in 1991, including several Islamic militant groups NA
Population 65,891,874

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
56,344 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 2.7% (2001 est.) -0.03% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors none; Ethiopia is landlocked and was by agreement with Eritrea using the ports of Assab and Massawa; since the border dispute with Eritrea flared, Ethiopia has used the port of Djibouti for nearly all of its imports -
Radio broadcast stations AM 5, FM 0, shortwave 2 (1999) AM 5, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 11.75 million (1997) -
Railways total:
681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)

narrow gauge:
681 km 1.000-m gauge

note:
in April 1998, Djibouti and Ethiopia announced plans to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals; since May 1998 Ethiopia has expended considerable effort to repair and maintain the lines
-
Religions Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, animist 12%, other 3%-8% Evangelical Lutheran
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.83 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.16 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female


total population: 1.115 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
open wire and microwave radio relay system adequate for government use

domestic:
open wire; microwave radio relay; radio communication in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequencies; two domestic satellites provide the national trunk service

international:
open wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean)
general assessment: adequate domestic and international service provided by satellite, cables and microwave radio relay; totally digitalized in 1995


domestic: microwave radio relay and satellite


international: country code - 299; satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 2 Americom GE-2 (all Atlantic Ocean) (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use 157,000 (1997) 25,300 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 4,000 (1999) 32,200 (2004)
Television broadcast stations 25 (1999) 1 (plus some local low-power stations, and 3 Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) stations (1997)
Terrain high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast
Total fertility rate 7 children born/woman (2001 est.) 2.4 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 9.3% (2005 est.)
Waterways none -
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