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Compare Egypt (2001) - Nauru (2001)

Compare Egypt (2001) z Nauru (2001)

 Egypt (2001)Nauru (2001)
 EgyptNauru
Administrative divisions 26 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar, Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah, Al Isma'iliyah, Al Jizah, Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah, Al Qalyubiyah, Al Wadi al Jadid, Ash Sharqiyah, As Suways, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa'id, Dumyat, Janub Sina', Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal Sina', Suhaj 14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren
Age structure 0-14 years:
34.59% (male 12,313,585; female 11,739,072)

15-64 years:
61.6% (male 21,614,284; female 21,217,978)

65 years and over:
3.81% (male 1,160,967; female 1,490,758) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
40.33% (male 2,510; female 2,365)

15-64 years:
57.97% (male 3,475; female 3,533)

65 years and over:
1.7% (male 103; female 102) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats coconuts
Airports 90 (2000 est.) 1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
69

over 3,047 m:
12

2,438 to 3,047 m:
35

1,524 to 2,437 m:
17

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
21

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
7

under 914 m:
10 (2000 est.)
-
Area total:
1,001,450 sq km

land:
995,450 sq km

water:
6,000 sq km
total:
21 sq km

land:
21 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Nominally independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty following World War II. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile river in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. The government has struggled to ready the economy for the new millennium through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure. Nauru's phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium; the island was occupied by Australian forces in World War I. Upon achieving independence in 1968, Nauru became the smallest independent republic in the world; it joined the UN in 1999.
Birth rate 24.89 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 27.22 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$22.6 billion

expenditures:
$26.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY99)
revenues:
$23.4 million

expenditures:
$64.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY95/96)
Capital Cairo no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
Climate desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February)
Coastline 2,450 km 30 km
Constitution 11 September 1971 29 January 1968
Country name conventional long form:
Arab Republic of Egypt

conventional short form:
Egypt

local long form:
Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah

local short form:
Misr

former:
United Arab Republic (with Syria)
conventional long form:
Republic of Nauru

conventional short form:
Nauru

former:
Pleasant Island
Currency Egyptian pound (EGP) Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate 7.7 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 7.2 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $31 billion (2000 est.) $33.3 million
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Daniel C. KURTZER

embassy:
5 Latin America St., Garden City, Cairo

mailing address:
Unit 64900, APO AE 09839-4900

telephone:
[20] (2) 795-7371

FAX:
[20] (2) 797-2000
the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Nabil FAHMY

chancery:
3521 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 895-5400

FAX:
[1] (202) 244-4319, 5131

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Houston, New York, and San Francisco
Nauru does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a UN office at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, New York 10017; telephone: (212) 937-0074

consulate(s):
Hagatna (Guam)
Disputes - international Egypt asserts its claim to the "Hala'ib Triangle," a barren area of 20,580 sq km under partial Sudanese administration that is defined by an administrative boundary which supersedes the treaty boundary of 1899 none
Economic aid - recipient ODA, $2.25 billion (1999) $2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.)
Economy - overview A series of IMF arrangements - along with massive external debt relief resulting from Egypt's participation in the Gulf war coalition - helped Egypt improve its macroeconomic performance during the 1990s. Sound fiscal and monetary policies through the mid-1990s helped to tame inflation, slash budget deficits, and build up foreign reserves, while structural reforms such as privatization and new business legislation prompted increased foreign investment. By mid-1998, however, the pace of structural reform slackened, and lower combined hard currency earnings resulted in pressure on the Egyptian pound and sporadic US dollar shortages. External payments were not in crisis, but Cairo's attempts to curb demand for foreign exchange convinced some investors and currency traders that government financial operations lacked transparency and coordination. Monetary pressures have since eased, however, with the 1999-2000 higher oil prices, a rebound in tourism, and a series of mini-devaluations of the pound. The development of a gas export market is a major plus factor in future growth. Revenues of this tiny island have come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are expected to be exhausted within five to ten years. Phosphate production has declined since 1989, as demand has fallen in traditional markets and as the marginal cost of extracting the remaining phosphate increases, making it less internationally competitive. While phosphates have given Nauruans one of the highest per capita incomes in the Third World, few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, including fresh water from Australia. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income have been invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. The government has been borrowing heavily from the trusts to finance fiscal deficits. To cut costs the government has called for a freezing of wages, a reduction of over-staffed public service departments, privatization of numerous government agencies, and closure of some overseas consulates. In recent years Nauru has encouraged the registration of offshore banks and corporations. Tens of billions of dollars have been channeled through their accounts. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's per capita GDP varying widely.
Electricity - consumption 60.157 billion kWh (1999) 27.9 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 64.685 billion kWh (1999) 30 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
76.59%

hydro:
23.41%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Qattara Depression -133 m

highest point:
Mount Catherine 2,629 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m
Environment - current issues agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Nile which is the only perennial water source; rapid growth in population overstraining natural resources limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Eastern Hamitic stock (Egyptians, Bedouins, and Berbers) 99%, Greek, Nubian, Armenian, other European (primarily Italian and French) 1% Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%
Exchange rates Egyptian pounds per US dollar - market rate - 3.8400 (January 2001), 3.6900 (2000), 3.4050 (1999), 3.3880 (1998), 3.3880 (1997), 3.3880 (1996) Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)

head of government:
Prime Minister Atef OBEID (since 5 October 1999)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president

elections:
president nominated by the People's Assembly for a six-year term, the nomination must then be validated by a national, popular referendum; national referendum last held 26 September 1999 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
national referendum validated President MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a fourth term
chief of state:
President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 19 April 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 19 April 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament

elections:
president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 8 April 2000 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results:
Bernard DOWIYOGO elected president by a vote in Parliament of nine to eight

note:
former President Rene HARRIS was deposed in a no-confidence vote; this is the eighth change of government in Nauru since the fall of the Lagumont HARRIS government in a no-confidence motion in early November 1996; six of the last eight governments have resulted because of parliamentary no-confidence motions
Exports $7.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $25.3 million (f.o.b., 1991)
Exports - commodities crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals phosphates
Exports - partners EU 35%, Middle East 17%, Afro-Asian countries 14%, US 12% (1999) Australia, NZ
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June 1 July - 30 June
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with the national emblem (a shield superimposed on a golden eagle facing the hoist side above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band; also similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars, and to the flag of Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru
GDP purchasing power parity - $247 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $59 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
17%

industry:
32%

services:
51% (1999)
agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5% (2000 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 27 00 N, 30 00 E 0 32 S, 166 55 E
Geography - note controls Sinai Peninsula, only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, shortest sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; size, and juxtaposition to Israel, establish its major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics; dependence on upstream neighbors; dominance of Nile basin issues; prone to influxes of refugees Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator
Heliports 2 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
64,000 km

paved:
50,000 km

unpaved:
14,000 km (1996)
total:
30 km

paved:
24 km

unpaved:
6 km (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
4.4%

highest 10%:
25% (1995)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs a transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroin and opium moving to Europe, Africa, and the US; popular transit stop for Nigerian couriers -
Imports $17 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $21.1 million (c.i.f., 1991)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery
Imports - partners EU 36%, US 14%, Afro-Asian countries 14%, Middle East 6% (1999) Australia, UK, NZ, Japan
Independence 28 February 1922 (from UK) 31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 2.1% (2000 est.) NA%
Industries textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals phosphate mining, financial services, coconut products
Infant mortality rate 60.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 10.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3% (2000) -3.6% (1993)
International organization participation ABEDA, ACC, ACCT (associate), AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CCC, EBRD, ECA, ESCWA, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTAET, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, ICAO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 50 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 32,460 sq km (1993 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Constitutional Court Supreme Court
Labor force 19.9 million (2000 est.) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 29%, services 49%, industry 22% (FY99) employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation
Land boundaries total:
2,689 km

border countries:
Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 255 km, Libya 1,150 km, Sudan 1,273 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
98% (1993 est.)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (1993 est.)
Languages Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes
Legal system based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State (oversees validity of administrative decisions); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law
Legislative branch bicameral system consists of the People's Assembly or Majlis al-Sha'b (454 seats; 444 elected by popular vote, 10 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) and the Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura - which functions only in a consultative role (264 seats; 176 elected by popular vote, 88 appointed by the president; members serve NA-year terms)

elections:
People's Assembly - three-phase voting - last held 19 October, 29 October, 8 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2005); Advisory Council - last held 7 June 1995 (next to be held NA)

election results:
People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NDP 88%, independents 8%, opposition 4%; seats by party - NDP 398, NWP 7, Tagammu 6, Nasserists 2, LSP 1, independents 38, undecided 2; Advisory Council - percent of vote by party - NDP 99%, independents 1%; seats by party - NA
unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2003)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 18
Life expectancy at birth total population:
63.69 years

male:
61.62 years

female:
65.85 years (2001 est.)
total population:
61.2 years

male:
57.7 years

female:
64.88 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
51.4%

male:
63.6%

female:
38.8% (1995 est.)
definition:
NA

total population:
NA%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands
Map references Africa Oceania
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total:
181 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,336,678 GRT/1,982,220 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 23, cargo 61, container 2, liquefied gas 1, passenger 61, petroleum tanker 15, roll on/roll off 15, short-sea passenger 3 (2000 est.)
none (2000 est.)
Military - note - Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Command no regular armed forces; Directorate of the Nauru Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $4.04 billion (FY99/00) $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.1% (FY99/00) NA%
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
18,562,994 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
3,018 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
12,020,059 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
1,661 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 20 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
712,983 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Revolution Day, 23 July (1952) Independence Day, 31 January (1968)
Nationality noun:
Egyptian(s)

adjective:
Egyptian
noun:
Nauruan(s)

adjective:
Nauruan
Natural hazards periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides, volcanic activity; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms, sandstorms periodic droughts
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc phosphates
Net migration rate -0.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 1,171 km; petroleum products 596 km; natural gas 460 km -
Political parties and leaders Nasserist Arab Democratic Party or Nasserists [Dia' al-din DAWUD]; National Democratic Party or NDP [President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK, leader] - governing party; National Progressive Unionist Grouping or Tagammu [Khalid MUHI AL-DIN]; New Wafd Party or NWP [No'man GOMA]; Socialist Liberal Party or LSP [leader NA]

note:
formation of political parties must be approved by government
loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal) [Bernard DOWIYOGO]
Political pressure groups and leaders despite a constitutional ban against religious-based parties, the technically illegal Muslim Brotherhood constitutes MUBARAK's potentially most significant political opposition; MUBARAK tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms, but moved more aggressively since then to block its influence; civic society groups are sanctioned, but constrained in practical terms; trade unions and professional associations are officially sanctioned NA
Population 69,536,644 (July 2001 est.) 12,088 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 22.9% (FY95/96 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.69% (2001 est.) 2% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Alexandria, Al Ghardaqah, Aswan, Asyut, Bur Safajah, Damietta, Marsa Matruh, Port Said, Suez Nauru
Radio broadcast stations AM 42 (plus 15 repeaters), FM 14, shortwave 3 (1999) AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 20.5 million (1997) 7,000 (1997)
Railways total:
4,955 km

standard gauge:
4,955 km 1,435-m gauge (42 km electrified; 1,560 km double track) (2000)
total:
5 km; note - used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast
Religions Muslim (mostly Sunni) 94%, Coptic Christian and other 6% Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.78 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.01 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal and compulsory 20 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment:
large system; underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern; Internet access and cellular service are available

domestic:
principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat; 5 coaxial submarine cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel and a signatory to Project Oxygen (a global submarine fiber-optic cable system)
general assessment:
adequate local and international radiotelephone communications provided via Australian facilities

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 3,971,500 (December 1998) 2,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 380,000 (1999) 450 (1994)
Television broadcast stations 98 (September 1995) 1 (1997)
Terrain vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
Total fertility rate 3.07 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.61 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 11.5% (2000 est.) 0%
Waterways 3,500 km

note:
including the Nile, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, and numerous smaller canals in the delta; Suez Canal (193.5 km including approaches), used by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 16.1 m of water
none
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