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Compare Dominica (2001) - Haiti (2007)

Compare Dominica (2001) z Haiti (2007)

 Dominica (2001)Haiti (2007)
 DominicaHaiti
Administrative divisions 10 parishes; Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter 10 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand 'Anse, Nippes, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est
Age structure 0-14 years:
28.72% (male 10,300; female 10,027)

15-64 years:
63.45% (male 23,056; female 21,855)

65 years and over:
7.83% (male 2,267; female 3,281) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 42.1% (male 1,846,175/female 1,817,082)


15-64 years: 54.4% (male 2,313,542/female 2,426,326)


65 years and over: 3.5% (male 134,580/female 168,792) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, citrus, mangoes, root crops, coconuts, cocoa; forest and fishery potential not exploited coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood
Airports 2 (2000 est.) 14 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 4


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 10


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 9 (2007)
Area total:
754 sq km

land:
754 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total: 27,750 sq km


land: 27,560 sq km


water: 190 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Maryland
Background Dominica was the last of the Caribbean islands to be colonized by Europeans, due chiefly to the fierce resistance of the native Caribs. France ceded possession to Great Britain in 1763, which made the island a colony in 1805. In 1980, two years after independence, Dominica's fortunes improved when a corrupt and tyrannical administration was replaced by that of Mary Eugenia CHARLES, the first female prime minister in the Caribbean, who remained in office for 15 years. The native Taino Amerindians - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when it was discovered by COLUMBUS in 1492 - were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola, and in 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean, but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'OUVERTURE. After a prolonged struggle, Haiti became the first black republic to declare its independence in 1804. The poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti has been plagued by political violence for most of its history. After an armed rebellion led to the departure of President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE in February 2004, an interim government took office to organize new elections under the auspices of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). Continued violence and technical delays prompted repeated postponements, but Haiti finally did inaugurate a democratically elected president and parliament in May of 2006.
Birth rate 17.81 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 35.87 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues:
$72 million

expenditures:
$79.9 million, including capital expenditures of $11.5 million (FY97/98)
revenues: $658 million


expenditures: $726.9 million (2006 est.)
Capital Roseau name: Port-au-Prince


geographic coordinates: 18 32 N, 72 20 W


time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in October
Climate tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds
Coastline 148 km 1,771 km
Constitution 3 November 1978 approved March 1987; suspended June 1988 with most articles reinstated March 1989; constitutional government ousted in a military coup in September 1991, although in October 1991, military government claimed to be observing the constitution; returned to constitutional rule in October 1994; constitution, while technically in force between 2004-2006, was not enforced; returned to constitutional rule in May 2006
Country name conventional long form:
Commonwealth of Dominica

conventional short form:
Dominica
conventional long form: Republic of Haiti


conventional short form: Haiti


local long form: Republique d'Haiti/Repiblik d' Ayiti


local short form: Haiti/Ayiti
Currency East Caribbean dollar (XCD) -
Death rate 7.19 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 10.4 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $108.9 million (1999) $1.312 billion (2006 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Dominica; US interests are served by the embassy in Bridgetown, Barbados chief of mission: Ambassador Janet A. SANDERSON


embassy: 5 Harry S Truman Boulevard, Bicentenaire-Port-au-Prince


mailing address: P. O. Box 1761, Port-au-Prince


telephone: [509] 222-0200


FAX: [509] 223-9038
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Nicholas J. O. LIVERPOOL (resident in Dominica)

chancery:
3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016

telephone:
[1] (202) 364-6781

FAX:
[1] (202) 364-6791

consulate(s) general:
New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Raymond JOSEPH


chancery: 2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 332-4090


FAX: [1] (202) 745-7215


consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, San Juan (Puerto Rico)
Disputes - international none since 2004, about 8,000 peacekeepers from the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) maintain civil order in Haiti; despite efforts to control illegal migration, Haitians cross into the Dominican Republic and sail to neighboring countries; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island
Economic aid - recipient $24.4 million (1995) $515 million (2005 est.)
Economy - overview The economy depends on agriculture and is highly vulnerable to climatic conditions, notably tropical storms. Agriculture, primarily bananas, accounts for 21% of GDP and employs 40% of the labor force. Development of the tourist industry remains difficult because of the rugged coastline, lack of beaches, and the lack of an international airport. Hurricane Luis devastated the country's banana crop in September 1995; tropical storms had wiped out one-quarter of the crop in 1994 as well. The subsequent recovery has been fueled by increases in construction, soap production, and tourist arrivals. The government is attempting to develop an offshore financial industry in order to diversify the island's production base. Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, with 80% of the population living under the poverty line and 54% in abject poverty. Two-thirds of all Haitians depend on the agriculture sector, mainly small-scale subsistence farming, and remain vulnerable to damage from frequent natural disasters, exacerbated by the country's widespread deforestation. A macroeconomic program developed in 2005 with the help of the International Monetary Fund helped the economy grow 1.8% in 2006, the highest growth rate since 1999. Haiti suffers from higher inflation than similar low-income countries, a lack of investment, and a severe trade deficit. In 2005, Haiti paid its arrears to the World Bank, paving the way for reengagement with the Bank. The government relies on formal international economic assistance for fiscal sustainability. In 2006, Haiti held a successful donors conference in which the total aid pledged exceeded Haiti's request. Remittances are the primary source of foreign exchange, equaling nearly a quarter of GDP.
Electricity - consumption 57.7 million kWh (1999) 322 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production 62 million kWh (1999) 535 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
48.39%

hydro:
51.61%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Morne Diablatins 1,447 m
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m
Environment - current issues NA extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes
Ethnic groups black, Carib Amerindian black 95%, mulatto and white 5%
Exchange rates East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976) gourdes per US dollar - 40.232 (2006), 40.449 (2005), 38.352 (2004), 42.367 (2003), 29.251 (2002)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Vernon Lordon SHAW (since 6 October 1998)

head of government:
Prime Minister Pierre CHARLES (since 1 October 2000); note - assumed post after death of Roosevelt DOUGLAS

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

elections:
president elected by the House of Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 6 October 1998 (next to be held NA October 2003); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Vernon Lordon SHAW elected president; percent of legislative vote - NA%
chief of state: President Rene PREVAL (since 14 May 2006)


head of government: Prime Minister Jacques-Edouard ALEXIS (since 30 May 2006)


cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held 7 February 2006 (next to be held in 2010); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly


election results: Rene PREVAL elected president; percent of vote - Rene PREVAL 51%
Exports $60.7 million (2000 est.) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, oranges manufactures, coffee, oils, cocoa, mangoes
Exports - partners Caricom countries 47%, UK 36%, US 7% (1996 est.) US 80%, Dominican Republic 7.6%, Canada 3% (2006)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June 1 October - 30 September
Flag description green, with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white and the horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a sisserou parrot encircled by 10 green, five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes) two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength)
GDP purchasing power parity - $290 million (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
21%

industry:
16%

services:
63% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 28%


industry: 20%


services: 52% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,000 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 0.5% (2000 est.) 2.3% (2006 est.)
Geographic coordinates 15 25 N, 61 20 W 19 00 N, 72 25 W
Geography - note - shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)
Highways total:
750 km

paved:
375 km

unpaved:
375 km (2001)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA% (2001)
Illicit drugs transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; minor cannabis producer; banking industry is vulnerable to money laundering Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; substantial bulk cash smuggling activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial transactions; pervasive corruption; significant consumer of cannabis
Imports $126 million (2000 est.) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food, chemicals food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials
Imports - partners US 41%, Caricom countries 25%, UK 13%, Netherlands, Canada (1996 est.) US 46.5%, Netherlands Antilles 11.9%, Brazil 3.8% (2006)
Independence 3 November 1978 (from UK) 1 January 1804 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate -10% (1997 est.) NA%
Industries soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, light assembly based on imported parts
Infant mortality rate 16.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 63.83 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 68.45 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 59.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.5% (2000 est.) 13.1% (2006 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM (observer), OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, Caricom, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 16 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 920 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court of Appeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the six judges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction) Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation
Labor force 25,000 3.6 million


note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1995)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 40%, industry and commerce 32%, services 28% agriculture: 66%


industry: 9%


services: 25% (1995)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 360 km


border countries: Dominican Republic 360 km
Land use arable land:
9%

permanent crops:
13%

permanent pastures:
3%

forests and woodland:
67%

other:
8% (1993 est.)
arable land: 28.11%


permanent crops: 11.53%


other: 60.36% (2005)
Languages English (official), French patois French (official), Creole (official)
Legal system based on English common law based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral House of Assembly (30 seats, 9 appointed senators, 21 elected by popular vote; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 31 January 2000 (next to be held by NA 2005)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -DLP 11, UWP 8, DFP 2
bicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale consists of the Senate (30 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies (99 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); note - in reestablishing the Senate, the candidate in each department receiving the most votes in the last election serves six years, the candidate with the second most votes serves four years, and the candidate with the third most votes serves two years


elections: Senate - last held 21 April 2006 with run-off elections on 3 December 2006 (next regular election, for one third of seats, to be held in 2008); Chamber of Deputies - last held 21 April 2006 with run-off elections on 3 December 2006 (next regular election to be held in 2010)


election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - L'ESPWA 11, FUSION 5, OPL 4, FL 3, LAAA 2, UNCRH 2, PONT 2, ALYANS 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - L'ESPWA 23, FUSION 17, FRN 12, OPL 10, ALYANS 10, LAAA 5, MPH 3, MOCHRENA 3, other 10; results for six other seats contested on 3 December 2006 remain unknown
Life expectancy at birth total population:
73.6 years

male:
70.74 years

female:
76.61 years (2001 est.)
total population: 57.03 years


male: 55.35 years


female: 58.75 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population:
94%

male:
94%

female:
94% (1970 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 52.9%


male: 54.8%


female: 51.2% (2003 est.)
Location Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: to depth of exploitation
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) -
Military branches Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force (includes Special Service Unit, Coast Guard) no regular military forces - small coast guard; the regular Haitian Armed Forces (FAdH) - Army, Navy, and Air Force - have been demobilized but still exist on paper unless they are constitutionally abolished (2007)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% 0.4% (2006)
National holiday Independence Day, 3 November (1978) Independence Day, 1 January (1804)
Nationality noun:
Dominican(s)

adjective:
Dominican
noun: Haitian(s)


adjective: Haitian
Natural hazards flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts
Natural resources timber, hydropower, arable land bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower
Net migration rate -20.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -0.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Pierre CHARLES]; United Workers Party or UWP [Edison JAMES] Artibonite in Action or LAAA [Youri LATORTUE]; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Convention for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]; Cooperative Action to Build Haiti or KONBA [Evans LESCOUFALIR]; Democratic Alliance or ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition composed of KID and PPRH); Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph JASME]; For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]; Front for Hope or L'ESPWA [Rene PREVAL] (alliance of ESKAMP, PLB, and grass-roots organizations Grand-Anse Resistance Committee, the Central Plateau Peasants' Group, and Kombit Sudest); Haitian Christian Democratic Party or PDCH [Osner FEVRY and Marie-Denise CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic and Reform Movement or MODEREH [Dany TOUSSAINT and Pierre Soncon PRINCE]; Heads Together or Tet-Ansanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT]; Independent Movement for National Reconciliation or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD]; Justice for Peace and National Development or JPDN [Rigaud DUPLAN]; Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Rudy HERIVEAUX]; Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Gehy MICHEL]; Merging of Haitian Social Democratic Parties or FUSION or FPSDH [Serge GILLES] (coalition of Ayiti Capable, Haitian National Revolutionary Party, and National Congress of Democratic Movements); Mobilization for Haiti's Development or MPH [Samir MOURRA]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert de RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN [Jean Henold BUTEAU]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy in Haiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; National Christian Union for the Reconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH [Marie Claude GERMAIN]; National Front for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE]; New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Open the Gate Party or PLB [Anes LUBIN]; Popular Party for the Renewal of Haiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN]; Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Edgard LEBLANC]; Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitians or UNITE [Edouard FRANCISQUE]
Political pressure groups and leaders Dominica Liberation Movement or DLM (a small leftist party) Autonomous Organizations of Haitian Workers or CATH [Fignole ST-CYR]; Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH; Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS; General Organization of Independent Haitian Workers [Patrick NUMAS]; Grand-Anse Resistance Committee, or KOREGA; National Popular Assembly or APN; Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP [Chavannes JEAN-BAPTISTE]; Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP; Roman Catholic Church; Protestant Federation of Haiti
Population 70,786 (July 2001 est.) 8,706,497


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 80% (2003 est.)
Population growth rate -0.98% (2001 est.) 2.453% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors Portsmouth, Roseau -
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 41, FM 26, shortwave 0 (1999)
Radios 46,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Roman Catholic 77%, Protestant 15% (Methodist 5%, Pentecostal 3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3%, Baptist 2%, other 2%), none 2%, other 6% Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3%


note: roughly half of the population practices voodoo
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.69 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.016 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.954 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.797 male(s)/female


total population: 0.973 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
fully automatic network

international:
microwave radio relay and SHF radiotelephone links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radiotelephone links to Saint Lucia
general assessment: domestic facilities barely adequate; international facilities slightly better; telephone density in Haiti remains the lowest in the Latin American and Caribbean region


domestic: coaxial cable and microwave radio relay trunk service; combined fixed and mobile-cellular teledensity is about 8 per 100 persons


international: country code - 509; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 19,000 (1996) 145,300 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 461 (1996) 500,200 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 0 (however, there is one cable television company) (1997) 2 (plus a cable TV service) (1997)
Terrain rugged mountains of volcanic origin mostly rough and mountainous
Total fertility rate 2.03 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4.86 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate 20% (1999 est.) widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (2002 est.)
Waterways none -
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