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Compare Djibouti (2006) - Iceland (2001)

Compare Djibouti (2006) z Iceland (2001)

 Djibouti (2006)Iceland (2001)
 DjiboutiIceland
Administrative divisions 6 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); Ali Sabieh, Arta, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjourah 23 counties (syslar, singular - sysla) and 14 independent towns* (kaupstadhir, singular - kaupstadhur); Akranes*, Akureyri*, Arnessysla, Austur-Bardhastrandarsysla, Austur-Hunavatnssysla, Austur-Skaftafellssysla, Borgarfjardharsysla, Dalasysla, Eyjafjardharsysla, Gullbringusysla, Hafnarfjordhur*, Husavik*, Isafjordhur*, Keflavik*, Kjosarsysla, Kopavogur*, Myrasysla, Neskaupstadhur*, Nordhur-Isafjardharsysla, Nordhur-Mulasys-la, Nordhur-Thingeyjarsysla, Olafsfjordhur*, Rangarvallasysla, Reykjavik*, Saudharkrokur*, Seydhisfjordhur*, Siglufjordhur*, Skagafjardharsysla, Snaefellsnes-og Hnappadalssysla, Strandasysla, Sudhur-Mulasysla, Sudhur-Thingeyjarsysla, Vesttmannaeyjar*, Vestur-Bardhastrandarsysla, Vestur-Hunavatnssysla, Vestur-Isafjardharsysla, Vestur-Skaftafellssysla

note:
there may be four other counties
Age structure 0-14 years: 43.3% (male 105,760/female 105,068)


15-64 years: 53.3% (male 135,119/female 124,367)


65 years and over: 3.3% (male 8,183/female 8,033) (2006 est.)
0-14 years:
23.18% (male 33,238; female 31,191)

15-64 years:
65.01% (male 91,095; female 89,583)

65 years and over:
11.81% (male 14,681; female 18,118) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels, animal hides potatoes, turnips; cattle, sheep; fish
Airports 13 (2006) 87 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 3


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2006)
total:
12

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
7 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 10


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 3 (2006)
total:
75

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
20

under 914 m:
52 (2000 est.)
Area total: 23,000 sq km


land: 22,980 sq km


water: 20 sq km
total:
103,000 sq km

land:
100,250 sq km

water:
2,750 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Massachusetts slightly smaller than Kentucky
Background The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one-party state and proceeded to serve as president until 1999. Unrest among the Afars minority during the 1990s led to a civil war that ended in 2001 following the conclusion of a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Issa-dominated government. In 1999, Djibouti's first multi-party presidential elections resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH; he was re-elected to a second and final term in 2005. Djibouti occupies a strategic geographic location at the mouth of the Red Sea and serves as an important transshipment location for goods entering and leaving the east African highlands. The present leadership favors close ties to France, which maintains a significant military presence in the country, but is also developing stronger ties with the US. Djibouti hosts the only US military base in sub-Saharan Africa and is a front-line state in the global war on terrorism. Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althing, established in 930. Independent for over 300 years, Iceland was subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Fallout from the Askja volcano of 1875 devastated the Icelandic economy and caused widespread famine. Over the next quarter century, 20% of the island's population emigrated, mostly to Canada and the US. Limited home rule from Denmark was granted in 1874 and complete independence attained in 1944. Literacy, longevity, income, and social cohesion are first-rate by world standards.
Birth rate 39.53 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) 14.62 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $135 million


expenditures: $182 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
revenues:
$3.5 billion

expenditures:
$3.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $467 million (1999)
Capital name: Djibouti


geographic coordinates: 11 30 N, 43 15 E


time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Reykjavik
Climate desert; torrid, dry temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers
Coastline 314 km 4,988 km
Constitution multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti


conventional short form: Djibouti


local long form: Republique de Djibouti/Jumhuriyat Jibuti


local short form: Djibouti/Jibuti


former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland
conventional long form:
Republic of Iceland

conventional short form:
Iceland

local long form:
Lyoveldio Island

local short form:
Island
Currency - Icelandic krona (ISK)
Death rate 19.31 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) 6.89 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $394 million (2004 est.) $2.6 billion (1999)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador W. Stuart SYMINGTON


embassy: Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti


mailing address: B. P. 185, Djibouti


telephone: [253] 35 39 95


FAX: [253] 35 39 40
chief of mission:
Ambassador Barbara J. GRIFFITHS

embassy:
Laufasvegur 21, Reykjavik

mailing address:
US Embassy, PSC 1003, Box 40, FPO AE 09728-0340

telephone:
[354] 5629100

FAX:
[354] 5629118
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Roble OLHAYE Oudine


chancery: Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 331-0270


FAX: [1] (202) 331-0302
chief of mission:
Ambassador Jon-Baldvin HANNIBALSSON

chancery:
Suite 1200, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005

telephone:
[1] (202) 265-6653

FAX:
[1] (202) 265-6656

consulate(s) general:
New York
Disputes - international Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with "Somaliland" leadership while maintaining some political ties to various factions in Somalia; thousands of Somali refugees await repatriation in UNHCR camps in Djibouti Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area); dispute with Denmark over the Faroe Islands fisheries median line boundary within 200 NM; disputes with Denmark, the UK, and Ireland over the Faroe Islands continental shelf boundary outside 200 NM
Economic aid - donor - $NA
Economic aid - recipient $64.1 million (2004) -
Economy - overview The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city; the remainder are mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. Djibouti has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of at least 50% continues to be a major problem. While inflation is not a concern, due to the fixed tie of the Djiboutian franc to the US dollar, the artificially high value of the Djiboutian franc adversely affects Djibouti's balance of payments. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last seven years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors. Iceland's Scandinavian-type economy is basically capitalistic, yet with an extensive welfare system, low unemployment, and remarkably even distribution of income. In the absence of other natural resources (except for abundant hydrothermal and geothermal power), the economy depends heavily on the fishing industry, which provides 70% of export earnings and employs 12% of the work force. The economy remains sensitive to declining fish stocks as well as to drops in world prices for its main exports: fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon. The center-right government plans to continue its policies of reducing the budget and current account deficits, limiting foreign borrowing, containing inflation, revising agricultural and fishing policies, diversifying the economy, and privatizing state-owned industries. The government remains opposed to EU membership, primarily because of Icelanders' concern about losing control over their fishing resources. Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, and new developments in software production, biotechnology, and financial services are taking place. The tourism sector is also expanding, with the recent trends in ecotourism and whale watching. Growth has been remarkably steady over the past five years at 4%-5%.
Electricity - consumption 223.2 million kWh (2003) 6.574 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2003) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2003) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 240 million kWh (2003) 7.069 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
0.07%

hydro:
84.64%

nuclear:
0%

other:
15.29% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m


highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Hvannadalshnukur 2,119 m
Environment - current issues inadequate supplies of potable water; limited arable land; desertification; endangered species water pollution from fertilizer runoff; inadequate wastewater treatment
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5% homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts
Exchange rates Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.72 (2005), 177.72 (2004), 177.72 (2003), 177.72 (2002), 177.72 (2001) Icelandic kronur per US dollar - 84.810 (January 2001), 78.676 (2000), 72.335 (1999), 70.958 (1998), 70.904 (1997), 66.500 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999)


head of government: Prime Minister Mohamed Dileita DILEITA (since 4 March 2001)


cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 8 April 2005 (next to be held by April 2011); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Ismail Omar GUELLEH reelected president; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH 100%
chief of state:
President Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON (since 1 August 1996)

head of government:
Prime Minister David ODDSSON (since 30 April 1991)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the prime minister and approved by Parliament

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 29 June 1996 (next to be held NA June 2004); President GRIMSSON ran unopposed in June 2000 so there were no elections; prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON elected president; President GRIMSSON ran unopposed
Exports NA bbl/day $2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit) fish and fish products 70%, animal products, aluminum, diatomite, ferrosilicon
Exports - partners Somalia 55.2%, Yemen 19.5%, Ethiopia 17.9% (2005) EU 64% (UK 20%, Germany 13%, France 5%, Denmark 5%), US 15%, Japan 5% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center blue with a red cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.85 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 17.9%


industry: 22.5%


services: 59.6% (2001 est.)
agriculture:
15% (includes fishing 13%)

industry:
21%

services:
64% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $24,800 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3.2% (2005 est.) 4.3% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 11 30 N, 43 00 E 65 00 N, 18 00 W
Geography - note strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost European country; Reykjavik is the northernmost national capital in the world; more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental Europe
Highways - total:
12,691 km

paved:
3,262 km

unpaved:
9,429 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports NA bbl/day $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - commodities foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products machinery and equipment, petroleum products; foodstuffs, textiles
Imports - partners Saudi Arabia 21.7%, India 18.5%, China 10%, Ethiopia 4.8%, France 4.5%, US 4.3%, Japan 4.2% (2005) EU 56% (Germany 12%, UK 9%, Denmark 8%, Sweden 6%), US 11%, Norway 10% (1999)
Independence 27 June 1977 (from France) 17 June 1944 (from Denmark)
Industrial production growth rate 3% (1996 est.) 1.5% (2000 est.)
Industries construction, agricultural processing, salt fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production, geothermal power; tourism
Infant mortality rate total: 102.44 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 110.07 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 94.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
3.56 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3% (2005 est.) 3.5% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA (observer), IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNU, UPU, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 7 (2000)
Irrigated land 10 sq km (2003) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Cour Supreme Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed for life by the president)
Labor force 282,000 (2000) 159,000 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture 5.1%, fishing and fish processing 11.8%, manufacturing 12.9%, construction 10.7%, other services 59.5% (1999)
Land boundaries total: 516 km


border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 0.04%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 99.96% (2005)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
23%

forests and woodland:
1%

other:
76% (1993 est.)
Languages French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar Icelandic
Legal system based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law civil law system based on Danish law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)


elections: last held 10 January 2003 (next to be held January 2008)


election results: percent of vote - RPP 62.2%, FRUD 36.9%; seats - RPP 65, FRUD 0; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election
unicameral Parliament or Althing (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held on 8 May 1999 (next to be held by April 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - Independence Party 40.7%, The Alliance (PA, People's Party, Women's List) 26.8%, Progressive Party 18.4%, Left-Green Alliance 9.1%, Liberal Party 4.2%; seats by party - Independence Party 26, The Alliance 17, Progressive Party 12, Left-Green Alliance 6, Liberal Party 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 43.17 years


male: 41.86 years


female: 44.52 years (2006 est.)
total population:
79.52 years

male:
77.31 years

female:
81.92 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 67.9%


male: 78%


female: 58.4% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
99.9% (1997 est.)

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the UK
Map references Africa Arctic Region
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf:
200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 1 ship (1000 GRT or over) 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT


by type: cargo 1 (2006)
total:
2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,435 GRT/4,538 DWT

ships by type:
chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note - defense is provided by the US-manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered at Keflavik
Military branches Djibouti National Army (includes Navy and Air Force) no regular armed forces; Police, Coast Guard; note - Iceland's defense is provided by the US-manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered at Keflavik
Military expenditures - dollar figure $29.05 million (2005 est.) $0
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.3% (2005 est.) -
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
71,241 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
62,704 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 27 June (1977) Independence Day, 17 June (1944)
Nationality noun: Djiboutian(s)


adjective: Djiboutian
noun:
Icelander(s)

adjective:
Icelandic
Natural hazards earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods earthquakes and volcanic activity
Natural resources geothermal areas, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) -2.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party); Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon FARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed Dini AHMED]; Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ Independence Party (conservative) or IP [David ODDSSON]; Left-Green Alliance [Steinsvimur SIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party [Sverrir HERMANNSSON]; People's Party (Social Democratic Party) or SDP [Sighvatyr BJORGIVINSSON]; Progressive Party (liberal) or PP [Halldor ASGRIMSSON]; The Alliance (includes People's Alliance or PA, Social Democratic Party or SVP, People's Movement, Women's List) [Ossur SKARPHEDINSSON]; Women's List or WL [Kristin ASTGEIRSDOTTIR]
Political pressure groups and leaders Union for Presidential Majority UMP (coalition includes RPP, FRUD, PPSD and PND); Union for Democratic Changeover or UAD (opposition coalition includes ARD, MRDD, UDJ, and PDD) [Ahmed Dini AHMED] NA
Population 486,530 (July 2006 est.) 277,906 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 50% (2001 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 2.02% (2006 est.) 0.54% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Akureyri, Hornafjordur, Isafjordhur, Keflavik, Raufarhofn, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur, Straumsvik, Vestmannaeyjar
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001) AM 3, FM about 70 (including repeaters), shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios - 260,000 (1997)
Railways total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway)


narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge


note: railway under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia (2005)
0 km
Religions Muslim 94%, Christian 6% Evangelical Lutheran 93%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic, none (1997)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female


total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
at birth:
1.08 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.81 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal adult 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate, as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country


domestic: microwave radio relay network


international: country code - 253; submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseille, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network
general assessment:
adequate domestic service

domestic:
the trunk network consists of coaxial and fiber-optic cables and microwave radio relay links

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Iceland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden)
Telephones - main lines in use 11,100 (2004) 168,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 34,500 (2004) 65,746 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2002) 14 (plus 156 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords
Total fertility rate 5.31 children born/woman (2006 est.) 2.01 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 50% (2004 est.) 2.7% (January 2001)
Waterways - none
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