Compare Dhekelia (2005) - Madagascar (2002)

Dhekelia (2005)

Madagascar (2002)

Administrative divisions

-

6 provinces (faritany); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara

Age structure

-

0-14 years: 45% (male 3,713,700; female 3,696,478)

15-64 years: 51.8% (male 4,227,931; female 4,313,940)

65 years and over: 3.2% (male 241,699; female 279,729) (2002 est.)

Agriculture - products

-

coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), beans, bananas, peanuts; livestock products

Airports

-

130 (2001)

Airports - with paved runways

-

total: 29

over 3,047 m: 1

2,438 to 3,047 m: 2

1,524 to 2,437 m: 4

914 to 1,523 m: 20

under 914 m: 2 (2002)

Airports - with unpaved runways

-

total: 92

1,524 to 2,437 m: 2

914 to 1,523 m: 46

under 914 m: 44 (2002)

Area

total: 130.8 sq km

note: area surrounds three Cypriot enclaves

total: 587,040 sq km

land: 581,540 sq km

water: 5,500 sq km

Area - comparative

about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC

slightly less than twice the size of Arizona

Background

By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers in total: Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The larger of these is the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Eastern Sovereign Base Area.

Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1886, but regained its independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held, ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential election was contested between the followers of Didier RATSIRAKA and Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly causing secession of half of the country. In April 2002 the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner.

Birth rate

-

42.41 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Budget

-

revenues: $553 million

expenditures: $735 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)

Capital

Episkopi Cantonment; located in Akrotiri

Antananarivo

Climate

temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters

tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south

Coastline

27.5 km

4,828 km

Constitution

-

19 August 1992 by national referendum

Country name

conventional long form: Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area

conventional short form: Dhekelia

conventional long form: Republic of Madagascar

conventional short form: Madagascar

local long form: Republique de Madagascar

local short form: Madagascar

former: Malagasy Republic

Currency

-

Malagasy franc (MGF)

Death rate

-

12.15 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Debt - external

-

$4.5 billion (2000)

Dependency status

overseas territory of UK; administered by an administrator who is also the Commander, British Forces Cyprus

-

Diplomatic representation from the US

none (overseas territory of the UK)

chief of mission: Ambassador Wanda L. NESBITT

embassy: 14-16 Rue Rainitovo, Antsahavola, Antananarivo 101

mailing address: B. P. 620, Antsahavola, Antananarivo

telephone: [261] (20) 22-212-57, 22-212-73, 22-209-56

FAX: [261] (20) 22-345-39

Diplomatic representation in the US

none (overseas territory of the UK)

chief of mission: Ambassador Zina ANDRIANARIVELO-RAZAFY

chancery: 2374 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 265-5525, 5526

FAX: [1] (202) 483-7603

consulate(s) general: New York

Disputes - international

-

claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island (all administered by France)

Economic aid - recipient

-

$838 million (1997) (1997)

Economy - overview

Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Dhekelia. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.

Madagascar faces problems of chronic malnutrition, underfunded health and education facilities, a roughly 3% annual population growth rate, and severe loss of forest cover, accompanied by erosion. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is the mainstay of the economy, accounting for one-third of GDP and contributing more than 70% to export earnings. Industry features textile manufacturing and the processing of agricultural products. Growth in output in 1992-97 averaged less than the growth rate of the population. Growth has been held back by antigovernment strikes and demonstrations, a decline in world coffee prices, and the erratic commitment of the government to economic reform. The extent of government reforms, outside financial aid, and foreign investment will be key determinants of future growth.

Electricity - consumption

-

762.6 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - exports

-

0 kWh (2000)

Electricity - imports

-

0 kWh (2000)

Electricity - production

-

820 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - production by source

-

fossil fuel: 37%

hydro: 63%

nuclear: 0%

other: 0% (2000)

Elevation extremes

-

lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point: Maromokotro 2,876 m

Environment - current issues

netting and trapping of small migrant songbirds in the spring and autumn

soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes; several species of flora and fauna unique to the island are endangered

Environment - international agreements

-

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Ethnic groups

-

Malayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo), Cotiers (mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry - Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava), French, Indian, Creole, Comoran

Exchange rates

-

Malagasy francs per US dollar - 6,531.4 (December 2001), 6,588.5 (2001), 6,767.5 (2000), 6,283.8 (1999), 5,441.4 (1998), 5,090.9 (1997)

Executive branch

chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II (since 6 February 1952)

head of government: Administrator Maj. Gen. Peter Tomas Clayton PEARSON (since 9 May 2003); note - reports to the British Ministry of Defence

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the administrator is appointed by the monarch

chief of state: President Marc RAVALOMANANA (since 6 May 2002)

head of government: Prime Minister Jacques SYLLA (27 May 2002)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 16 December 2001 (next to be held NA November 2006); prime minister appointed by the president from a list of candidates nominated by the National Assembly

election results: percent of vote - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 40.89%, Marc RAVALOMANANA 46.21%; note - on 29 April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner by 51.5% after a recount; RATSIRIKA's prime minister was put under house arrest on 27 May 2002, and SYLLA was appointed the new prime minister by President RAVALOMANANA

Exports

-

$680 million f.o.b. (2000)

Exports - commodities

-

coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar; cotton cloth, chromite, petroleum products

Exports - partners

-

France 41%, US 21%, Germany 7%, Japan 4%, UK 1% (2000)

Fiscal year

-

calendar year

Flag description

the flag of the UK is used

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side

GDP

-

purchasing power parity - $14 billion (2001 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

-

agriculture: 34%

industry: 11%

services: 55% (1999 est.)

GDP - per capita

-

purchasing power parity - $870 (2001 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

-

5% (2001 est.)

Geographic coordinates

34 59 N, 33 45 E

20 00 S, 47 00 E

Geography - note

British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus

world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel

Highways

-

total: 49,837 km

paved: 5,781 km

unpaved: 44,056 km (1996)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

-

lowest 10%: 2%

highest 10%: 37% (1997)

Illicit drugs

-

illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point for heroin

Imports

-

$919 million f.o.b. (2000)

Imports - commodities

-

intermediate manufactures, capital goods, petroleum, consumer goods, food

Imports - partners

-

France 38%, Hong Kong 10%, China 5%, Singapore 5%, Japan 3%

Independence

-

26 June 1960 (from France)

Industrial production growth rate

-

3% (2000 est.)

Industries

none

meat processing, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism

Infant mortality rate

-

81.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

-

7% (2001 est.)

International organization participation

-

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

-

2 (2000)

Irrigated land

-

10,900 sq km (1998 est.)

Judicial branch

-

Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle

Labor force

-

7 million (1999) (1999)

Land boundaries

total: NA; note - boundary with Cyprus is being resurveyed

0 km

Land use

-

arable land: 4.41%

permanent crops: 0.93%

other: 94.66% (1998 est.)

Languages

English, Greek

French (official), Malagasy (official)

Legal system

the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply

based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch

-

unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (160 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); note - the legislature is scheduled to become a bicameral Parliament with the establishment of a Senate; two-thirds of the seats of this Senate will be filled by regional assemblies whose members will be elected by popular vote; the remaining one-third of the seats will be appointed by the president; the total number of seats will be determined by the National Assembly; all members will serve four-year terms

elections: National Assembly - last held 15 December 2002 (next to be held NA 2006)

election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - TIM 103, FP 22, AREMA 3, LEADER/Fanilo 2, RPSD 5, TTS 2, HBM 1, independents 22

Life expectancy at birth

-

total population: 55.74 years

male: 53.45 years

female: 58.11 years (2002 est.)

Literacy

-

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 80%

male: 88%

female: 73% (1990 est.)

Location

on the southeast coast of Cyprus near Famagusta

Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique

Map references

Middle East

Africa

Maritime claims

-

contiguous zone: 24 NM

continental shelf: 200 NM or 100 NM from the 2,500-m deep isobath

exclusive economic zone: 200 NM

territorial sea: 12 NM

Merchant marine

-

total: 15 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 27,199 GRT/37,462 DWT

ships by type: cargo 9, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 2 (2002 est.)

Military - note

includes Dheklia Garrison and Ayios Nikolaos Station connected by a roadway

-

Military branches

-

People's Armed Forces (comprising Intervention Force, Development Force, Aeronaval [Navy and Air] Force), Gendarmerie, Presidential Security Regiment

Military expenditures - dollar figure

-

$48.7 million (FY01)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP

-

1.2% (FY01)

Military manpower - availability

-

males age 15-49: 3,758,940 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service

-

males age 15-49: 2,229,304 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - military age

-

20 years of age (2002 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually

-

males: 153,856 (2002 est.)

National holiday

-

Independence Day, 26 June (1960)

Nationality

-

noun: Malagasy (singular and plural)

adjective: Malagasy

Natural hazards

-

periodic cyclones

Natural resources

-

graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower

Net migration rate

-

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Political parties and leaders

-

Action, Truth, Development, and Harmony or AFFA [Professor Albert ZAFY]; Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA [leader vacant]; Congress Party for Malagasy Independence or AKFM/Fanavaozana [leader NA]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO]; Fihaonana Rally or Fihaonana [Guy RAZANAMASY]; Group of Reflection and Action for the Development of Madagascar or GRAD/Iloafo; Judged by Your Work or AVI [Norbert RATSIRAHONANA]; Movement for the Progress of Madagascar or MFM [Manandafy RAKOTONIRINA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD [Evariste MARSON]; Tranobe (Big House) [Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO]

Political pressure groups and leaders

-

Federalist Movement; National Council of Christian Churches or FFKM

Population

no indigenous personnel

note: approximately 2,200 military personnel are on the base; there are another 5,000 British citizens who are families of military personnel or civilian staff on both the bases of Akrotiri and Dhekelia; Cyprus citizens work on the base, but do not live there

16,473,477 (July 2002 est.)

Population below poverty line

-

70% (1994 est.)

Population growth rate

-

3.03% (2002 est.)

Ports and harbors

-

Antsiranana, Antsohimbondrona, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara

Radio broadcast stations

-

AM 2 (plus a number of repeater stations), FM 9, shortwave 6 (2001)

Radios

-

3.05 million (1997)

Railways

-

total: 893 km

narrow gauge: 893 km 1.000-m gauge (2001)

Religions

-

indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7%

Sex ratio

-

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female

total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

Suffrage

-

18 years of age; universal

Telephone system

-

general assessment: system is above average for the region

domestic: open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter links connect regions

international: submarine cable to Bahrain; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region)

Telephones - main lines in use

-

55,000 (2000)

Telephones - mobile cellular

-

63,100 (2000)

Television broadcast stations

-

1 (plus 36 repeaters) (2001)

Terrain

-

narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center