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Compare Chad (2006) - Mauritius (2004)

Compare Chad (2006) z Mauritius (2004)

 Chad (2006)Mauritius (2004)
 ChadMauritius
Administrative divisions 14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile


note: instead of 14 prefectures, there may be a new administrative structure of 28 departments (departments, singular - department) and 1 city*; Assongha, Baguirmi, Bahr El Gazal, Bahr Koh, Batha Oriental, Batha Occidental, Biltine, Borkou, Dababa, Ennedi, Guera, Hadjer Lamis, Kabia, Kanem, Lac, Lac Iro, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Boneye, Mayo-Dallah, Monts de Lam, N'Djamena*, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile Oriental, Tandjile Occidental, Tibesti
9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne
Age structure 0-14 years: 47.9% (male 2,396,393/female 2,369,261)


15-64 years: 49.3% (male 2,355,940/female 2,550,535)


65 years and over: 2.7% (male 107,665/female 164,407) (2006 est.)
0-14 years: 24.8% (male 152,424; female 149,908)


15-64 years: 68.8% (male 418,836; female 420,411)


65 years and over: 6.5% (male 31,104; female 47,798) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish
Airports 52 (2006) 5 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 7


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2006)
total: 2


over 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 45


1,524 to 2,437 m: 14


914 to 1,523 m: 21


under 914 m: 10 (2006)
total: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Area total: 1.284 million sq km


land: 1,259,200 sq km


water: 24,800 sq km
total: 2,040 sq km


land: 2,030 sq km


water: 10 sq km


note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues
Area - comparative slightly more than three times the size of California almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution, and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which sporadically flares up despite several peace agreements between the government and the rebels. In 2005 new rebel groups emerged in western Sudan and have made probing attacks into eastern Chad. Power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, Mauritius was subsequently held by the Dutch, French, and British before independence was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Recent poor weather and declining sugar prices have slowed economic growth, leading to some protests over standards of living in the Creole community.
Birth rate 45.73 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) 15.85 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues: $765.2 million


expenditures: $653.3 million; including capital expenditures of $146 million (2005 est.)
revenues: $1.122 billion


expenditures: $1.461 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2003)
Capital name: N'Djamena


geographic coordinates: 12 07 N, 15 03 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Port Louis
Climate tropical in south, desert in north tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 177 km
Constitution passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum removed constitutional term limits 12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Chad


conventional short form: Chad


local long form: Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad


local short form: Tchad/Tshad
conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius


conventional short form: Mauritius
Currency - Mauritian rupee (MUR)
Death rate 16.38 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) 6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $1.5 billion (2003 est.) $1.75 billion (2003 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Marc M. WALL


embassy: Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena


mailing address: B. P. 413, N'Djamena


telephone: [235] 516-211


FAX: [235] 515-654
chief of mission: Ambassador John PRICE


embassy: 4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis


mailing address: international mail: P. O. Box 544, Port Louis; US mail: American Embassy, Port Louis, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2450


telephone: [230] 202-4400


FAX: [230] 208-9534
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Mahamat Adam BECHIR


chancery: 2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009


telephone: [1] (202) 462-4009


FAX: [1] (202) 265-1937
chief of mission: Ambassador Usha JEETAH


chancery: 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 244-1491, 1492


FAX: [1] (202) 966-0983
Disputes - international since the expulsions of residents from Darfur in 2003 by Janjawid armed militia and Sudanese military, about 200,000 refugees remain in eastern Chad; Chad remains an important mediator in the Sudanese civil conflict, reducing tensions with Sudan arising from cross-border banditry; Chadian Aozou rebels reside in southern Libya; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries Mauritius claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory), and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation in 2001; claims French-administered Tromelin Island
Economic aid - recipient $238.3 million received; note - $125 million committed by Taiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank; ODA $246.9 million (2003 est.) $42 million (1997)
Economy - overview Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major foreign direct investment projects in the oil sector that began in 2000. Over 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves - estimated at 1 billion barrels - in southern Chad. The nation's total oil reserves has been estimated to be 2 billion barrels. Oil production came on stream in late 2003. Chad began to export oil in 2004. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings. Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle-income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been in the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 25% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on expanding local financial institutions and building a domestic information telecommunications industry. Mauritius has attracted more than 9,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India and South Africa, and investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius, with its strong textile sector and responsible fiscal management, has been well poised to take advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA).
Electricity - consumption 111.6 million kWh (2003) 1.219 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2003) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2003) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 120 million kWh (2003) 1.311 billion kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Djourab Depression 160 m


highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Piton 828 m
Environment - current issues inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification water pollution, degradation of coral reefs
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups 200 distinct groups; in the north and center: Arabs, Gorane (Toubou, Daza, Kreda), Zaghawa, Kanembou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa, Boulala, and Maba, most of whom are Muslim; in the south: Sara (Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye), Moundang, Moussei, Massa, most of whom are Christian or animist; about 1,000 French citizens live in Chad Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%
Exchange rates Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001) Mauritian rupees per US dollar - 27.9015 (2003), 29.962 (2002), 29.1293 (2001), 26.2496 (2000), 25.1858 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno (since 4 December 1990)


head of government: Prime Minister Pascal YOADIMNADJI (since 3 February 2005)


cabinet: Council of State, members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote to serve five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last held 3 May 2006 (next to be held by May 2011); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 64.7%, Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE 15.1%, Albert Pahimi PADACKE 7.8%, Mahamat ABDOULAYE 7.1%, Brahim KOULAMALLAH 5.3%; note - a June 2005 national referendum altered the constitution removing presidential term limits and permitting Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno to run for reelection
chief of state: President Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 7 October 2003) and Vice President Abdool Raouf BUNDHUN (since 25 February 2002)


head of government: Prime Minister Paul BERENGER (since 30 September 2003)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms; election last held 25 February 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly


election results: Karl OFFMANN elected president and Raouf BUNDHUN elected vice president; percent of vote by the National Assembly - NA; note - Karl OFFMANN stepped down on 30 September 2003
Exports NA bbl/day NA (2001)
Exports - commodities cotton, cattle, gum arabic, oil clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses
Exports - partners US 78.1%, China 9.9%, Taiwan 4.1% (2005) UK 31%, France 21.3%, US 17.6%, Madagascar 6.3% (2003)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green
GDP - purchasing power parity - $13.85 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 33.5%


industry: 25.9%


services: 40.6% (2005 est.)
agriculture: 6.1%


industry: 30.3%


services: 63.6% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $11,400 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 6% (2005 est.) 4.1% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 15 00 N, 19 00 E 20 17 S, 57 33 E
Geography - note landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs
Highways - total: 1,926 km


paved: 1,868 km (including 44 km of expressways)


unpaved: 58 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs - minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry
Imports NA bbl/day NA (2001)
Imports - commodities machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
Imports - partners France 21.1%, Cameroon 15.5%, US 12.1%, Belgium 6.8%, Portugal 4.6%, Saudi Arabia 4.3%, Netherlands 4.1% (2005) South Africa 12.1%, France 12%, China 8.4%, India 8.2% (2003)
Independence 11 August 1960 (from France) 12 March 1968 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 5% (1995) 8% (2000 est.)
Industries oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing; chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery; tourism
Infant mortality rate total: 91.45 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 100.12 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 82.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
total: 15.57 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 18.36 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 12.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3% (2005 est.) 4.2% (2003 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land 300 sq km (2003) 200 sq km (2000 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts Supreme Court
Labor force 2.719 million 560,000 (2003)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 80% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing)


industry and services: 20%
agriculture and fishing 14%, construction and industry 36%, transportation and communication 7%, trade, restaurants, hotels 16%, finance 3%, other services 24% (1995)
Land boundaries total: 5,968 km


border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 2.8%


permanent crops: 0.02%


other: 97.18% (2005)
arable land: 49.26%


permanent crops: 2.96%


other: 47.78% (2001)
Languages French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects English (official), Creole, French (official), Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bhojpuri
Legal system based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas
Legislative branch bicameral according to constitution, consists of a National Assembly (155 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and a Senate (not yet created and size unspecified, members to serve six-year terms, one-third of membership renewable every two years)


elections: National Assembly - last held 21 April 2002 (next to be held by April 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPS 110, RDP 12, FAR 9, RNDP 5, URD 5, UNDR 3, other 11
unicameral National Assembly (66 seats; 62 elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by the election commission from the losing political parties to give representation to various ethnic minorities; members serve five-year terms)


elections: last held on 11 September 2000 (next to be held NA September 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - MSM/MMM 52.3%, MLP/PMSD 36.9%, OPR 10.8%; seats by party - MSM/MMM 54, MLP/PMSD 6, OPR 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 47.52 years


male: 45.88 years


female: 49.21 years (2006 est.)
total population: 72.09 years


male: 68.11 years


female: 76.13 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic


total population: 47.5%


male: 56%


female: 39.3% (2003 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 85.6%


male: 88.6%


female: 82.7% (2003 est.)
Location Central Africa, south of Libya Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references Africa Political Map of the World
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Merchant marine - total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 22,946 GRT/27,102 DWT


by type: cargo 1, combination bulk 4, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 2


foreign-owned: Belgium 1, India 4, Switzerland 2 (2004 est.)
Military branches Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale Tchadienne, ANT), Air Force, Gendarmerie (2004) National Police Force (includes the paramilitary Special Mobile Force or SMF and National Coast Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $68.95 million (2005 est.) $11.2 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1% (2005 est.) 0.2% (2003)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 342,482 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 172,157 (2004 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 11 August (1960) Independence Day, 12 March (1968)
Nationality noun: Chadian(s)


adjective: Chadian
noun: Mauritian(s)


adjective: Mauritian
Natural hazards hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards
Natural resources petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt arable land, fish
Net migration rate -0.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) -0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines oil 205 km (2006) -
Political parties and leaders Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]; National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ibni Oumar Mahamat SALEH]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR [Jean ALINGUE]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE] Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER] - in coalition with MSM; Mauritian Social Democrat Party or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH] - governing party; Rodrigues Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA various labor unions
Population 9,944,201 (July 2006 est.) 1,220,481 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line 80% (2001 est.) 10% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 2.93% (2006 est.) 0.81% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors - Port Louis
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 5 (2002) AM 4, FM 9, shortwave 0 (2002)
Religions Muslim 51%, Christian 35%, animist 7%, other 7% Hindu 52%, Christian 28.3% (Roman Catholic 26%, Protestant 2.3%), Muslim 16.6%, other 3.1%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: primitive system


domestic: fair system of radiotelephone communication stations


international: country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: small system with good service


domestic: primarily microwave radio relay trunk system


international: country code - 230; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Telephones - main lines in use 13,000 (2004) 348,200 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 210,000 (2005) 462,400 (2003)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2002) 2 (plus several repeaters) (1997)
Terrain broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau
Total fertility rate 6.25 children born/woman (2006 est.) 1.97 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 9.8% (2003 est.)
Waterways Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season (2002) -
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