Compare Chad (2004) - Brunei (2002)

Compare Chad (2004) z Brunei (2002)

	Chad (2004)	Brunei (2002)

Administrative divisions	14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile note: instead of 14 prefectures, there may be a new administrative structure of 28 departments (departments, singular - department), and 1 city; Assongha, Baguirmi, Bahr El Gazal, Bahr Koh, Batha Oriental, Batha Occidental, Biltine, Borkou, Dababa, Ennedi, Guera, Hadjer Lamis, Kabia, Kanem, Lac, Lac Iro, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Boneye, Mayo-Dallah, Monts de Lam, N'Djamena, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile Oriental, Tandjile Occidental, Tibesti	4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong
Age structure	0-14 years: 47.9% (male 2,297,490; female 2,269,801) 15-64 years: 49.3% (male 2,245,586; female 2,459,796) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 107,594; female 158,277) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 30.2% (male 54,038; female 51,833) 15-64 years: 67% (male 125,051; female 110,257) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 4,609; female 5,110) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels	rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo
Airports	50 (2003 est.)	2 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 7 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 44 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 1.284 million sq km land: 1,259,200 sq km water: 24,800 sq km	total: 5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly more than three times the size of California	slightly smaller than Delaware
Background	Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of ethnic warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually suppressed or came to terms with most political-military groups, settled a territorial dispute with Libya on terms favorable to Chad, drafted a democratic constitution, and held multiparty presidential elections in 1996 and 1997. In 1998, a new rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which sporadically flares up despite two peace agreements signed in 2002 and 2003 between the government and the rebels. Despite movement toward democratic reform, power remains in the hands of a northern ethnic oligarchy.	The Sultanate of Brunei's heyday occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries, when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the less developed countries. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries.
Birth rate	46.5 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	20.06 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $591.2 million expenditures: $680.9 million, including capital expenditures of $146 million (2003 est.)	revenues: $2.5 billion expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.)
Capital	N'Djamena	Bandar Seri Begawan
Climate	tropical in south, desert in north	tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	161 km
Constitution	passed by referendum 31 March 1996	29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Chad conventional short form: Chad local long form: Republique du Tchad local short form: Tchad	conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei
Currency	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States	Bruneian dollar (BND)
Death rate	16.38 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	3.38 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$1.1 billion (2000 est.)	$0
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Christopher E. GOLDTHWAIT embassy: Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena mailing address: B. P. 413, N'Djamena telephone: [235] (51) 70-09 FAX: [235] (51) 56-54	chief of mission: Ambassador Gene B. CHRISTY embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Hassaballah Abdelhadi Ahmat SOUBIANE chancery: 2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 462-4009 FAX: [1] (202) 265-1937	chief of mission: Ambassador PUTEH ibni Mohammad Alam chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838 FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560
Disputes - international	civil war in Sudan overlaps into Chad as both states step up border patrols, leaving refugees and rebel groups in both countries; Chad serves as an important mediator in the Sudanese civil conflict; Chadian Aozou rebels reside in southern Libya; Lake Chad Commission continues to urge signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over lake region; Chad rejects Nigerian request to redemarcate boundary, the site of periodic cross-border incidents	Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984, but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs
Economic aid - recipient	$238.3 million; note - $125 million committed by Taiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank; ODA $150 million (2001 est.)	$4.3 million (1995) (1995)
Economy - overview	Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major oilfield and pipeline projects that began in 2000. Over 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and stock raising for its livelihood. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's export earnings, but Chad will begin to export oil in 2004. Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves estimated at 1 billion barrels in southern Chad. Oil production came on stream in late 2003.	This small, wealthy economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas.
Electricity - consumption	87.46 million kWh (2001)	2.065 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	94.04 million kWh (2001)	2.22 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Djourab Depression 160 m highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m
Environment - current issues	inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification	seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping	party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	200 distinct groups; in the north and center: Arabs, Gorane (Toubou, Daza, Kreda), Zaghawa, Kanembou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa, Boulala, and Maba, most of whom are Muslim; in the south: Sara (Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye), Moundang, Moussei, Massa, most of whom are Christian or animist; about 1,000 French citizens live in Chad	Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
Exchange rates	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999)	Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.8388 (January 2002), 1.8917 (2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997); note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar
Executive branch	chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December 1990) head of government: Prime Minister Pascal YOADIMNADJI (since 3 February 2005) cabinet: Council of State, members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote to serve five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last held 20 May 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 63%, Ngarlegy YORONGAR 16%, Saleh KEBZABO 7% note: government coalition - MPS, UNDR, and URD	chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
Exports	NA (2001)	$3 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities	cotton, cattle, gum arabic	crude oil, natural gas, refined products
Exports - partners	US 25%, Germany 17%, Portugal 15.9%, France 6.8%, Morocco 4.5% (2003)	Japan 42%, US 17%, South Korea 14%, Thailand 3% (1999)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France	yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands
GDP	purchasing power parity - $10.67 billion (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $6.2 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 32.4% industry: 18.8% services: 48.8% (2003 est.)	agriculture: 5% industry: 45% services: 50% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $18,000 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	15% (2003 est.)	3% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	15 00 N, 19 00 E	4 30 N, 114 40 E
Geography - note	landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel	close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia
Heliports	-	3 (2002)
Highways	total: 33,400 km paved: 267 km unpaved: 33,133 km (1999 est.)	total: 1,712 km paved: 1,284 km unpaved: 428 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	-	drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty
Imports	NA (2001)	$1.4 billion c.i.f. (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities	machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles	machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
Imports - partners	France 28.6%, US 20.7%, Cameroon 14.6%, Netherlands 4.7% (2003)	Singapore 34%, UK 15%, Malaysia 15%, US 5% (1999)
Independence	11 August 1960 (from France)	1 January 1984 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	5% (1995)	4% (1997 est.)
Industries	oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials	petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction
Infant mortality rate	total: 94.78 deaths/1,000 live births male: 104.01 deaths/1,000 live births female: 85.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	13.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	6% (2003 est.)	1% (1999 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CCC, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	200 sq km (1998 est.)	10 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts	Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms)
Labor force	NA (2002)	143,400 (1999 est.); note - includes foreign workers and military personnel note: temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991) (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture more than 80% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing)	government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 5,968 km border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km	total: 381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km
Land use	arable land: 2.86% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 97.12% (2001)	arable land: 0.57% permanent crops: 0.76% other: 98.67% (1998 est.)
Languages	French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects	Malay (official), English, Chinese
Legal system	based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas
Legislative branch	bicameral according to constitution, consists of a National Assembly (155 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and a Senate (not yet created and size unspecified, members to serve six-year terms, one-third of membership renewable every two years) elections: National Assembly - last held 21 April 2002 (next to be held in NA April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPS 110, RDP 12, FAR 9, RNDP 5, URD 5, UNDR 3, others 11	unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch) elections: last held in March 1962 note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 48.24 years male: 46.91 years female: 49.63 years (2004 est.)	total population: 74.06 years male: 71.68 years female: 76.56 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic total population: 47.5% male: 56% female: 39.3% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.2% male: 92.6% female: 83.4% (1995 est.)
Location	Central Africa, south of Libya	Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
Map references	Africa	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM or to median line territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT ships by type: liquefied gas 7 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: United Kingdom 7 (2002 est.)
Military branches	Armed Forces: National Army (ANT), Air Force, and Republican Guard	Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$55.4 million (2003)	$343 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	2.1% (2003)	5.1% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 2,008,825 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 108,921 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 1,051,802 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 62,864 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 91,231 (2004 est.)	males: 3,005 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day, 11 August (1960)	National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection
Nationality	noun: Chadian(s) adjective: Chadian	noun: Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian
Natural hazards	hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues	typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare
Natural resources	petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad)	petroleum, natural gas, timber
Net migration rate	-0.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	3.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	oil 205 km (2004)	crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km
Political parties and leaders	Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarlejy YORONGAR]; National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Mamadou BISSO]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman] (originally in opposition but now the party in power and the party of the president); Rally for Democracy and Progress or RPD [leader NA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]; Viva Rally for Development and Progress or Viva RNDP [Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]	Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985, but became largely inactive after 1988, it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988)
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	9,538,544 (July 2004 est.)	350,898 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	80% (2001 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	3% (2004 est.)	2.06% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	none	Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 5 (2002)	AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	329,000 (1998)
Railways	-	total: 13 km (private line) narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge (2001 est.)
Religions	Muslim 51%, Christian 35%, animist 7%, other 7%	Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	none
Telephone system	general assessment: primitive system domestic: fair system of radiotelephone communication stations international: country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: service throughout country is excellent; international service good to Europe, US, and East Asia domestic: every service available international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, Singapore, and Philippines (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use	11,800 (2002)	79,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular	65,000 (2003)	43,524 (1996)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2002)	2 (1997)
Terrain	broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south	flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
Total fertility rate	6.38 children born/woman (2004 est.)	2.4 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA (2000)	10% (2001 est.)
Waterways	Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season (2002)	209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m

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