Main page Compare countries Index countries Index fields

Query:
Jah-Jah.pl / Index countries / Chad (2001) - Mauritania (2002) / Compare countries
##ciekawa_strona##

Compare Chad (2001) - Mauritania (2002)

Compare Chad (2001) z Mauritania (2002)

 Chad (2001)Mauritania (2002)
 ChadMauritania
Administrative divisions 14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile 12 regions (regions, singular - region) and 1 capital district*; Adrar, Assaba, Brakna, Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Gorgol, Guidimaka, Hodh Ech Chargui, Hodh El Gharbi, Inchiri, Nouakchott*, Tagant, Tiris Zemmour, Trarza
Age structure 0-14 years:
47.73% (male 2,091,724; female 2,064,514)

15-64 years:
49.46% (male 2,035,099; female 2,271,389)

65 years and over:
2.81% (male 101,579; female 142,773) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 46.1% (male 653,005; female 650,530)


15-64 years: 51.7% (male 720,473; female 741,094)


65 years and over: 2.2% (male 26,251; female 37,505) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels dates, millet, sorghum, rice, corn, dates; cattle, sheep
Airports 50 (2000 est.) 26 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
7

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 10 9


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 6 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
43

1,524 to 2,437 m:
12

914 to 1,523 m:
20

under 914 m:
11 (2000 est.)
total: 16 17


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 5


914 to 1,523 m: 6 7


under 914 m: 6 3 (2002)
Area total:
1.284 million sq km

land:
1,259,200 sq km

water:
24,800 sq km
total: 1,030,700 sq km


land: 1,030,400 sq km


water: 300 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than three times the size of California slightly larger than three times the size of New Mexico
Background Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of ethnic warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually suppressed or came to terms with most political-military groups, settled a territorial dispute with Libya on terms favorable to Chad, drafted a democratic constitution, and held multiparty presidential and National Assembly elections in 1996 and 1997 respectively. In 1998 a new rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which continued to escalate throughout 2000. Despite movement toward democratic reform, power remains in the hands of a northern ethnic oligarchy. Independent from France in 1960, Mauritania annexed the southern third of the former Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara) in 1976, but relinquished it after three years of raids by the Polisario guerrilla front seeking independence for the territory. Opposition parties were legalized and a new constitution approved in 1991. Two multiparty presidential elections since then were widely seen as flawed, but October 2001 legislative and municipal elections were generally free and open. Mauritania remains, in reality, a one-party state. The country continues to experience ethnic tensions between its black minority population and the dominant Maur (Arab-Berber) populace.
Birth rate 48.28 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 42.54 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$198 million

expenditures:
$218 million, including capital expenditures of $146 million (1998 est.)
revenues: $421 million


expenditures: $378 million, including capital expenditures of $154 million
Capital N'Djamena Nouakchott
Climate tropical in south, desert in north desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 754 km
Constitution passed by referendum 31 March 1995 12 July 1991
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Chad

conventional short form:
Chad

local long form:
Republique du Tchad

local short form:
Tchad
conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Mauritania


conventional short form: Mauritania


local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Islamiyah al Muritaniyah


local short form: Muritaniyah
Currency Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States ouguiya (MRO)
Death rate 15.4 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 13.34 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $1 billion (1999 est.) $1.6 billion (2000) (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Christopher E. GOLDTHWAIT

embassy:
Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena

mailing address:
B. P. 413, N'Djamena

telephone:
[235] (51) 70-09, (51) 90-52, (51) 92-33

FAX:
[235] (51) 56-54
chief of mission: Ambassador John W. LIMBERT


embassy: Rue Abdallaye (between Presidency building and Spanish Embassy), Nouakchott


mailing address: BP 222, Nouakchott


telephone: [222] 25-26-60, 25-26-63, 25-11-41, 25-11-45


FAX: [222] 25-25-92
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Hassaballah Abdelhadi Ahmat SOUBIANE

chancery:
2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:
[1] (202) 462-4009

FAX:
[1] (202) 265-1937
chief of mission: Ambassador Mohamedou Ould MICHEL


chancery: 2129 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 232-5700


FAX: [1] (202) 319-2623
Disputes - international delimitation of international boundaries in the vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, has been completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria none
Economic aid - recipient $238.3 million (1995); note - $125 million committed by Taiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank $220 million (2000) (2000)
Economy - overview Landlocked Chad's economic development suffers from its geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. About 85% of the population depends on agriculture, including the herding of livestock. Of Africa's Francophone countries, Chad benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the World Bank, the African Development Fund, and other sources is directed largely at the improvement of agriculture, especially livestock production. The World Bank's decision to back the Doba oil field development and the Chad-Cameroon pipeline will add Chad to the group of already booming West African oil exporters. However, the rank and file may not benefit much from the oil development projects. Half the population still depends on agriculture and livestock for a livelihood, even though most of the nomads and many subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurrent droughts in the 1970s and 1980s. Mauritania has extensive deposits of iron ore, which account for half of total exports. The decline in world demand for this ore, however, has led to cutbacks in production. The nation's coastal waters are among the richest fishing areas in the world, but overexploitation by foreigners threatens this key source of revenue. The country's first deepwater port opened near Nouakchott in 1986. In the past, drought and economic mismanagement resulted in a buildup of foreign debt. In February, 2000, Mauritania qualified for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative and in December 2001 received strong support from donor and lending countries at a triennial Consultative Group review. Mauritania withdrew its membership in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in 2000 and subsequently increased commercial ties with Arab Maghreb Union members Morocco and Tunisia, most notably in telecommunications. In 2001, exploratory oil wells in tracts 80 km offshore indicated potential viable extraction at current world oil prices. However, the refinery in Nouadhibou historically has not exceeded 20% of its distillation capacity, and it handled no crude in the year 2000. A new Investment Code approved in December 2001 improved the opportunities for direct foreign investment.
Electricity - consumption 83.7 million kWh (1999) 143.22 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 90 million kWh (1999) 154 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 84%


hydro: 16%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Djourab Depression 160 m

highest point:
Emi Koussi 3,415 m
lowest point: Sebkha de Ndrhamcha -3 m


highest point: Kediet Ijill 910 m
Environment - current issues inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification overgrazing, deforestation, and soil erosion aggravated by drought are contributing to desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Senegal which is the only perennial river
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Muslims, commonly referred to as "northerners" or "gorane" (Arabs, Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba); non-Muslims, commonly referred to as "southerners" (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa) including nonindigenous 150,000 (of whom 1,000 are French)

note:
ethnicity and regional background more commonly used to identify Chadians than religious affiliation
mixed Maur/black 40%, Maur 30%, black 30%
Exchange rates Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996); note - from 1 January 1999, the XAF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XAF per euro ouguiyas per US dollar - 254.350 (December 2001), 238.923 (2000), 209.514 (1999), 188.476 (1998), 151.853 (1997), 137.222 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December 1990)

head of government:
Prime Minister Nagoum YAMASSOUM (since 13 December 1999)

cabinet:
Council of State, members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections:
president elected by popular vote to serve five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last held 20 May 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY elected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 63%, Ngarlegy YORONGAR 16%, Saleh KEBZABO 7%

note:
government coalition - MPS, UNDR, and URD
chief of state: President Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA (since 12 December 1984)


head of government: Prime Minister Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed KHOUNA (since 17 November 1998)


cabinet: Council of Ministers


elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 12 December 1997 (next to be held NA December 2003); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: President Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA reelected with 90.9% of the vote
Exports $172 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $359 million f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities cotton, cattle, textiles iron ore, fish and fish products, gold
Exports - partners Portugal 38%, Germany 12%, Thailand, Costa Rica, South Africa, France (1999) France 18%, Japan 16%, Italy 13%, Spain 10% (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France green with a yellow five-pointed star above a yellow, horizontal crescent; the closed side of the crescent is down; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam
GDP purchasing power parity - $8.1 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $5 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
40%

industry:
14%

services:
46% (1998)
agriculture: 25%


industry: 29%


services: 46% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,800 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4% (2000 est.) 4% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 15 00 N, 19 00 E 20 00 N, 12 00 W
Geography - note landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel most of the population concentrated in the cities of Nouakchott and Nouadhibou and along the Senegal River in the southern part of the country
Highways total:
33,400 km

paved:
267 km

unpaved:
33,133 km (1996)
total: 7,720 km


paved: 830 km


unpaved: 6,890 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 3%


highest 10%: 30% (2000) (2000)
Imports $223 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $335 million f.o.b. (2000)
Imports - commodities machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles machinery and equipment, petroleum products, capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods
Imports - partners France 40%, Cameroon 13%, Nigeria 12%, India 5% (1999) France 33%, US 10%, Spain 9%, Algeria 6%, Germany 6%, Benelux 5% (2000)
Independence 11 August 1960 (from France) 28 November 1960 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 5% (1995) 2% (2000 est.)
Industries cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials fish processing, mining of iron ore and gypsum
Infant mortality rate 95.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 75.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3% (2000 est.) 4.4% (2001 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, CEMAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 5 (2001)
Irrigated land 140 sq km (1993 est.) 490 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Court of Appeals; lower courts
Labor force NA 786,000 (2001) (2001)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 85% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing) agriculture 50%, services 40%, industry 10% (2001 est.)
Land boundaries total:
5,968 km

border countries:
Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km
total: 5,074 km


border countries: Algeria 463 km, Mali 2,237 km, Senegal 813 km, Western Sahara 1,561 km
Land use arable land:
3%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
36%

forests and woodland:
26%

other:
35% (1993 est.)
arable land: 0.48%


permanent crops: 0.01%


other: 99.51% (1998 est.)
Languages French (official), Arabic (official), Sara and Sango (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects Hassaniya Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof (official), French
Legal system based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction a combination of Shari'a (Islamic law) and French civil law
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (125 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); replaces the Higher Transitional Council or the Conseil Superieur de Transition

elections:
National Assembly - last held in two rounds on 5 January and 23 February 1997 (next to be held in late 2001); in the first round of voting some candidates won clear victories by receiving 50% or more of the vote; where that did not happen, the two highest scoring candidates stood for a second round of voting

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MPS 65, URD 29, UNDR 15, RDP 3, others 13
bicameral legislature consists of the Senate or Majlis al-Shuyukh (56 seats, a part of the seats up for election every two years; members elected by municipal leaders to serve six-year terms) and the National Assembly or Majlis al-Watani (81 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: Senate - last held 12 April 2002 (next to be held NA April 2004); National Assembly - last held 19 and 26 October 2001 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRDS 54, RFD 1, UNDD 1; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - PRDS 79%, RDU 3.5%, UDP 3.5%, AC 5%, RDF 4%, UFP 3.5%, FP 1.5%; seats by party - PRDS 64, UDP 3, RDU 3, AC 4, RFD 3, UFP 3, and FP 1
Life expectancy at birth total population:
50.88 years

male:
48.86 years

female:
52.98 years (2001 est.)
total population: 51.53 years


male: 49.42 years


female: 53.71 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic

total population:
48.1%

male:
62.1%

female:
34.7% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 41.2%


male: 51.5%


female: 31.3% (2002 est.)
Location Central Africa, south of Libya Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Senegal and Western Sahara
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - none (2002)
Military branches Armed Forces (includes Ground Force, Air Force, and Gendarmerie), Republican Guard, Rapid Intervention Force, Police, Rural and Nomadic Guard (GNNT) Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Guard, National Police, Presidential Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure $39 million (FY96) $37.1 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3.5% (FY96) 3.7% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,814,578 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 644,294 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
949,997 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 312,276 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age 20 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
82,003 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 11 August (1960) Independence Day, 28 November (1960)
Nationality noun:
Chadian(s)

adjective:
Chadian
noun: Mauritanian(s)


adjective: Mauritanian
Natural hazards hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind blows primarily in March and April; periodic droughts
Natural resources petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad) iron ore, gypsum, copper, phosphate, diamonds, gold, oil; fish
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders National Union for Development and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman] (originally in opposition but now the party in power and the party of the president); Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lal Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE] Action for Change or AC [Messoud Ould BOULKHEIR]; Alliance for Justice and Democracy or AJD [Kebe ABDOULAYE]; Democratic and Social Republican Party or PRDS (ruling party) [President Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA]; Mauritanian Party for Renewal and Concorde or PMRC [Molaye El Hassen Ould JIYID]; National Union for Democracy and Development or UNDD [Tidjane KOITA]; Party for Liberty, Equality and Justice or PLEJ [Daouda M'BAGNIGA]; Popular Front or FP [Ch'bih Ould CHEIKH MALAININE]; Popular Progress Alliance or APP [Mohamed El Hafed Ould ISMAEL]; Popular Social and Democratic Union or UPSD [Mohamed Mahmoud Ould MAH]; Progress Force Union or UFP [Mohamed Ould MAOULOUD]; Rally of Democratic Forces or RFD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH]; Rally for Democracy and Unity or RDU [Ahmed Ould SIDI BABA]; Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS]


note: the Action for Change party was banned in January 2002; parties legalized by constitution ratified 12 July 1991, however, politics continue to be tribally based
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Arab nationalists; Ba'athists; General Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CGTM [Abdallahi Ould MOHAMED, secretary general]; Independent Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CLTM [Samory Ould BEYE]; Islamists; Mauritanian Workers Union or UTM [Mohamed Ely Ould BRAHIM, secretary general]
Population 8,707,078 (July 2001 est.) 2,828,858 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 64% (1995 est.) 50% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 3.29% (2001 est.) 2.92% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors none Bogue, Kaedi, Nouadhibou, Nouakchott, Rosso
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 5 (1998) AM 1, FM 14, shortwave 1 (2001)
Radios 1.67 million (1997) 410,000 (2001)
Railways 0 km 704 km


standard gauge: 704 km 1.435-m gauge


note: owned and operated by government mining company (2001)
Religions Muslim 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs (mostly animism) 25% Muslim 100%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.04 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.9 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.71 male(s)/female

total population:
0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
primitive system

domestic:
fair system of radiotelephone communication stations

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: limited system of cable and open-wire lines, minor microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations (improvements being made)


domestic: mostly cable and open-wire lines; a recently completed domestic satellite telecommunications system links Nouakchott with regional capitals


international: satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 2 Arabsat
Telephones - main lines in use 7,000 (1997) 26,500 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 35,000 (2001)
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) 1 (2002)
Terrain broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills
Total fertility rate 6.56 children born/woman (2001 est.) 6.15 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 21% (1999 est.)
Waterways 2,000 km note: ferry traffic on the Senegal River
Sitemap: Compare countries listing (map site) | Country listing (map site)
Links: Add to favorites | Information about this website | Stats | Polityka prywatnosci
This page was generated in ##czas## s. Size this page: ##rozmiar_strony## kB.