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Compare Canada (2005) - Zambia (2001)

Compare Canada (2005) z Zambia (2001)

 Canada (2005)Zambia (2001)
 CanadaZambia
Administrative divisions 10 provinces and 3 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Nunavut*, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory* 9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western
Age structure 0-14 years: 17.9% (male 3,016,032/female 2,869,244)


15-64 years: 68.9% (male 11,357,425/female 11,244,356)


65 years and over: 13.2% (male 1,842,496/female 2,475,488) (2005 est.)
0-14 years:
47.36% (male 2,324,128; female 2,303,349)

15-64 years:
50.14% (male 2,433,250; female 2,465,747)

65 years and over:
2.5% (male 105,694; female 138,031) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products; fish corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca); cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides; coffee
Airports 1,326 (2004 est.) 112 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 503


over 3,047 m: 18


2,438 to 3,047 m: 15


1,524 to 2,437 m: 150


914 to 1,523 m: 245


under 914 m: 75 (2004 est.)
total:
13

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 823


1,524 to 2,437 m: 67


914 to 1,523 m: 347


under 914 m: 409 (2004 est.)
total:
99

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
65

under 914 m:
31 (2000 est.)
Area total: 9,984,670 sq km


land: 9,093,507 sq km


water: 891,163 sq km
total:
752,614 sq km

land:
740,724 sq km

water:
11,890 sq km
Area - comparative somewhat larger than the US slightly larger than Texas
Background A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. Economically and technologically the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across an unfortified border. Canada's paramount political problem is meeting public demands for quality improvements in health care and education services after a decade of budget cuts. The issue of reconciling Quebec's francophone heritage with the majority anglophone Canadian population has moved to the back burner in recent years; support for separatism abated after the Quebec government's referendum on independence failed to pass in October of 1995. The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the South Africa Company from 1891 until takeover by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties.
Birth rate 10.84 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) 41.46 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $151 billion


expenditures: $144 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
revenues:
$900 million

expenditures:
$1 billion, including capital expenditures of NA million (1999 est.)
Capital Ottawa Lusaka
Climate varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)
Coastline 202,080 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial decisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitution consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April 1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution from Britain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments 2 August 1991
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Canada
conventional long form:
Republic of Zambia

conventional short form:
Zambia

former:
Northern Rhodesia
Currency - Zambian kwacha (ZMK)
Death rate 7.73 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) 21.97 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $570 billion (2004) $6.5 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador David H. WILKINS


embassy: 490 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 1G8


mailing address: P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburgh, NY 13669-0430


telephone: [1] (613) 238-5335, 4470


FAX: [1] (613) 688-3082


consulate(s) general: Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg
chief of mission:
Ambassador David B. DUNN

embassy:
corner of Independence and United Nations Avenues

mailing address:
P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka

telephone:
[260] (1) 250-955

FAX:
[260] (1) 252-225
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Francis Joseph MCKENNA


chancery: 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001


telephone: [1] (202) 682-1740


FAX: [1] (202) 682-7726


consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis, New York, Phoenix, San Diego, and Seattle


consulate(s): Anchorage, Houston, Philadelphia, Princeton, Raleigh, San Francisco, and San Jose
chief of mission:
Ambassador Atan SHANSONGA

chancery:
2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719

FAX:
[1] (202) 332-0826
Disputes - international managed maritime boundary disputes with the US at Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and around the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; working toward greater cooperation with US in monitoring people and commodities crossing the border; uncontested sovereignty dispute with Denmark over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland -
Economic aid - donor ODA, $2 billion (2004) -
Economic aid - recipient - $1.99 billion (1995)
Economy - overview As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, newly entered in the trillion dollar class, Canada closely resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and affluent living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US. Given its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant Canada enjoys solid economic prospects. Solid fiscal management has produced a long-term budget surplus which is substantially reducing the national debt, although public debate continues over how to manage the rising cost of the publicly funded healthcare system. Exports account for roughly a third of GDP. Canada enjoys a substantial trade surplus with its principal trading partner, the United States, which absorbs more than 85% of Canadian exports. Despite progress in privatization and budgetary reform, Zambia's economy has a long way to go. Privatization of government-owned copper mines relieved the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the industry and greatly improved the chances for copper mining to return to profitability and spur economic growth. In late 2000, Zambia was determined to be eligible for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Inflation and unemployment rates remain high, but the GDP growth rate should rise in 2001.
Electricity - consumption 487.3 billion kWh (2002) 5.926 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 36.13 billion kWh (2002) 1.6 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 13 billion kWh (2002) 419 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 548.9 billion kWh (2002) 7.642 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
0.55%

hydro:
99.45%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Logan 5,959 m
lowest point:
Zambezi river 329 m

highest point:
unnamed location in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m
Environment - current issues air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Marine Life Conservation
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed background 26% African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%
Exchange rates Canadian dollars per US dollar - 1.301 (2004), 1.4011 (2003), 1.5693 (2002), 1.5488 (2001), 1.4851 (2000) Zambian kwacha per US dollar - 4,024.53 (January 2001), 3,110.84 (2000), 2,388.02 (1999), 1,862.07 (1998), 1,314.50 (1997), 1,207.90 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Michaelle Jean (since 27 October 2005)


head of government: Prime Minister Paul MARTIN (since 12 December 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Anne MCLELLAN (since 12 December 2003)


cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
chief of state:
President Frederick CHILUBA (since 2 November 1991); Vice President Enoch KAVINDELE (since 4 May 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Frederick CHILUBA (since 2 November 1991); Vice President Enoch KAVINDELE (since 4 May 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA October 2001); vice president appointed by the president

election results:
Frederick CHILUBA reelected president; percent of vote - Frederick CHILUBA 72.5%, Dean MUNGO'MBA 12.6%, Humphrey MULEMBA 7%, Akashambatwa LEWANIKA 4.7%, Chama CHAKOMBOKA 3.2%
Exports 1.37 million bbl/day (2004) $928 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum copper, cobalt, electricity, tobacco
Exports - partners US 85.2%, Japan 2.1%, UK 1.6% (2004) Japan, Saudi Arabia, India, Thailand, South Africa, US, Malaysia (1997)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year
Flag description two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width), with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is centered in the white square; the official colors of Canada are red and white green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag
GDP - purchasing power parity - $8.5 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 2.3%


industry: 26.4%


services: 71.3% (2004 est.)
agriculture:
18%

industry:
27%

services:
55% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $31,500 (2004 est.) purchasing power parity - $880 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.4% (2004 est.) 4% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 60 00 N, 95 00 W 15 00 S, 30 00 E
Geography - note second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; approximately 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km of the US border landlocked
Heliports 319 (2004) -
Highways total: 1,408,800 km


paved: 497,306 km (including 16,900 km of expressways)


unpaved: 911,494 km (2002)
total:
66,781 km

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km (1997 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2.8%


highest 10%: 23.8% (1994)
lowest 10%:
1.6%

highest 10%:
39.2% (1995)
Illicit drugs illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market and export to US; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; transit point for heroin and cocaine entering the US market; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering because of its mature financial services sector transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and possibly Europe; regional money-laundering center
Imports 987,000 bbl/day (2004) $1.05 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods machinery, transportation equipment, fuels, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing
Imports - partners US 58.9%, China 6.8%, Mexico 3.8% (2004) South Africa 48%, Saudi Arabia, UK, Zimbabwe (1997)
Independence 1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11 December 1931 (independence recognized) 24 October 1964 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 2% (2004 est.) 6.1% (2000 est.)
Industries transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products; wood and paper products; fish products, petroleum and natural gas copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer
Infant mortality rate total: 4.75 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 5.21 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
90.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.9% (2004 est.) 27.3% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, AfDB, APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CDB, CE (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ESA (cooperating state), FAO, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNMOVIC, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 3 (2000)
Irrigated land 7,200 sq km (1998 est.) 460 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada; Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice) Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases)
Labor force 17.37 million (2004) 3.4 million
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 3%, manufacturing 15%, construction 5%, services 74%, other 3% (2000) agriculture 85%, industry 6%, services 9%
Land boundaries total: 8,893 km


border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)
total:
5,664 km

border countries:
Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km
Land use arable land: 4.96%


permanent crops: 0.02%


other: 95.02% (2001)
arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
40%

forests and woodland:
39%

other:
14% (1993 est.)
Languages English (official) 59.3%, French (official) 23.2%, other 17.5% English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
Legal system based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (members appointed by the governor general with the advice of the prime minister and serve until reaching 75 years of age; its normal limit is 105 senators) and the House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (308 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve for up to five-year terms)


elections: House of Commons - last held 28 June 2004 (next to be held by NA 2009)


election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Liberal Party 36.7%, Conservative Party 29.6%, New Democratic Party 15.7%, Bloc Quebecois 12.4%, Greens 4.3%, independents 0.4%, other 0.9%; seats by party - Liberal Party 134, Conservative Party 99, Bloc Quebecois 54, New Democratic Party 19, independent 2
unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA December 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MMD 131, NP 5, Zadeco 2, AZ 2, independents 10
Life expectancy at birth total population: 80.1 years


male: 76.73 years


female: 83.63 years (2005 est.)
total population:
37.29 years

male:
37.06 years

female:
37.53 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 97% (1986 est.)


male: NA%


female: NA%
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write English

total population:
78.2%

male:
85.6%

female:
71.3% (1995 est.)
Location Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US Southern Africa, east of Angola
Map references North America Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 169 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,784,229 GRT/2,657,499 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 22, cargo 49, chemical tanker 6, combination ore/oil 1, container 1, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 65, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 6


foreign-owned: 6 (France 1, Germany 3, United States 2)


registered in other countries: 112 (2005)
-
Military branches Canadian Armed Forces: Land Forces Command, Maritime Command, Air Command, Canada Command (homeland security) to be operational in early 2006 (2005) Army, Air Force, National Service, police
Military expenditures - dollar figure $9,801.7 million (2003) $76 million (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.1% (2003) 1.8% (FY97)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
2,246,640 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
1,193,047 (2001 est.)
National holiday Canada Day, 1 July (1867) Independence Day, 24 October (1964)
Nationality noun: Canadian(s)


adjective: Canadian
noun:
Zambian(s)

adjective:
Zambian
Natural hazards continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains tropical storms (November to April)
Natural resources iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower
Net migration rate 5.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) -0.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude and refined oil 23,564 km; liquid petroleum gas 74,980 km (2003) crude oil 1,724 km
Political parties and leaders Bloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Conservative Party of Canada (a merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party) [Stephen HARPER]; Green Party [Jim HARRIS]; Liberal Party [Paul MARTIN]; New Democratic Party [Jack LAYTON] Agenda for Zambia or AZ [Akashambatwa LEWANIKA]; Labor Party or LP [Chibiza MFUNI]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF [Roger CHONGWE, president]; Movement for Democratic Process or MDP [Chama CHAKOM BOKA]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Frederick CHILUBA]; National Party or NP [Daniel LISULO]; Republican Party or RP [Ben MWILA]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Gwendoline Konie]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Anderson MAZOKA]; Zambia Democratic Congress or Zadeco [Eden JERRY, acting head]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 32,805,041 (July 2005 est.) 9,770,199

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA 86% (1993 est.)
Population growth rate 0.9% (2005 est.) 1.93% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Fraser River Port, Goderich, Montreal, Port Cartier, Quebec, Saint John's (Newfoundland), Sept Isles, Vancouver Mpulungu
Radio broadcast stations AM 245, FM 582, shortwave 6 (2004) AM 19, FM 5, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios - 1.03 million (1997)
Railways total: 48,683 km


standard gauge: 48,683 km 1.435-m gauge (2004)
total:
2,164 km (1995)

narrow gauge:
2,164 km 1.067-m gauge (13 km double track)

note:
the total includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and Kapiri Mposhi where it connects to the Zambia Railways system; TAZARA is not a part of the Zambia Railways system; Zambia Railways assets are scheduled for concessioning in 2001
Religions Roman Catholic 42.6%, Protestant 23.3% (including United Church 9.5%, Anglican 6.8%, Baptist 2.4%, Lutheran 2%), other Christian 4.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other and unspecified 11.8%, none 16% (2001 census) Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.77 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: excellent service provided by modern technology


domestic: domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations


international: country code - 1-xxx; 5 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) and 2 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region)
general assessment:
facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa

domestic:
high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 19,950,900 (2003) 77,935 (in addition there are about 40,000 fixed telephones in wireless local loop connections) (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 13,221,800 (2003) 6,000 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 80 (plus many repeaters) (1997) 9 (1997)
Terrain mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
Total fertility rate 1.61 children born/woman (2005 est.) 5.53 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 7% (2004) 50% (2000 est.)
Waterways 631 km


note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United States (2003)
2,250 km

note:
includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers
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