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Compare Cameroon (2004) - Djibouti (2006)

Compare Cameroon (2004) z Djibouti (2006)

 Cameroon (2004)Djibouti (2006)
 CameroonDjibouti
Administrative divisions 10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest 6 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); Ali Sabieh, Arta, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjourah
Age structure 0-14 years: 42% (male 3,416,086; female 3,334,904)


15-64 years: 54.8% (male 4,425,246; female 4,370,329)


65 years and over: 3.2% (male 233,506; female 283,607) (2004 est.)
0-14 years: 43.3% (male 105,760/female 105,068)


15-64 years: 53.3% (male 135,119/female 124,367)


65 years and over: 3.3% (male 8,183/female 8,033) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, root starches; livestock; timber fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels, animal hides
Airports 47 (2003 est.) 13 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 11


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total: 3


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 36


1,524 to 2,437 m: 7


914 to 1,523 m: 20


under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)
total: 10


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 3 (2006)
Area total: 475,440 sq km


land: 469,440 sq km


water: 6,000 sq km
total: 23,000 sq km


land: 22,980 sq km


water: 20 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than California slightly smaller than Massachusetts
Background The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroon merged in 1961 to form the present country. Cameroon has generally enjoyed stability, which has permitted the development of agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Despite movement toward democratic reform, political power remains firmly in the hands of an ethnic oligarchy. The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one-party state and proceeded to serve as president until 1999. Unrest among the Afars minority during the 1990s led to a civil war that ended in 2001 following the conclusion of a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Issa-dominated government. In 1999, Djibouti's first multi-party presidential elections resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH; he was re-elected to a second and final term in 2005. Djibouti occupies a strategic geographic location at the mouth of the Red Sea and serves as an important transshipment location for goods entering and leaving the east African highlands. The present leadership favors close ties to France, which maintains a significant military presence in the country, but is also developing stronger ties with the US. Djibouti hosts the only US military base in sub-Saharan Africa and is a front-line state in the global war on terrorism.
Birth rate 35.08 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 39.53 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues: $2.442 billion


expenditures: $1.941 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
revenues: $135 million


expenditures: $182 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital Yaounde name: Djibouti


geographic coordinates: 11 30 N, 43 15 E


time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north desert; torrid, dry
Coastline 402 km 314 km
Constitution 20 May 1972 approved by referendum; 2 June 1972 formally adopted; revised January 1996 multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon


conventional short form: Cameroon


former: French Cameroon
conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti


conventional short form: Djibouti


local long form: Republique de Djibouti/Jumhuriyat Jibuti


local short form: Djibouti/Jibuti


former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland
Currency Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States -
Death rate 15.34 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 19.31 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $7.236 billion (2003 est.) $394 million (2004 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador George McDade STAPLES


embassy: Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde


mailing address: P. O. Box 817, Yaounde; pouch: American Embassy, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520


telephone: [237] 223-05-12, 222-25-89, 222-17-94, 223-40-14


FAX: [237] 223-07-53


branch office(s): Douala
chief of mission: Ambassador W. Stuart SYMINGTON


embassy: Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti


mailing address: B. P. 185, Djibouti


telephone: [253] 35 39 95


FAX: [253] 35 39 40
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Jerome MENDOUGA


chancery: 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 265-8790


FAX: [1] (202) 387-3826
chief of mission: Ambassador Roble OLHAYE Oudine


chancery: Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 331-0270


FAX: [1] (202) 331-0302
Disputes - international ICJ ruled in 2002 on the entire Cameroon-Nigeria land and maritime boundary but the parties formed a Joint Border Commission to resolve differences bilaterally and have commenced with demarcation in less-contested sections of the boundary, starting in Lake Chad in the north; the ICF ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, however, implementation of the decision is delayed due to imprecisely defined coordinates, the unresolved Bakasi allocation, and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; Nigeria initially rejected cession of the Bakasi Peninsula; Lake Chad Commission continues to urge signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over the lake region, which remains the site of armed clashes among local populations and militias Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with "Somaliland" leadership while maintaining some political ties to various factions in Somalia; thousands of Somali refugees await repatriation in UNHCR camps in Djibouti
Economic aid - recipient on 23 January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce Cameroon's debt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; debt relief now totals $1.26 billion $64.1 million (2004)
Economy - overview Because of its oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems facing other underdeveloped countries, such as a top-heavy civil service and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. In June 2000, the government completed an IMF-sponsored, three-year structural adjustment program; however, the IMF is pressing for more reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization, and poverty reduction programs. International oil and cocoa prices have considerable impact on the economy. The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city; the remainder are mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. Djibouti has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of at least 50% continues to be a major problem. While inflation is not a concern, due to the fixed tie of the Djiboutian franc to the US dollar, the artificially high value of the Djiboutian franc adversely affects Djibouti's balance of payments. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last seven years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors.
Electricity - consumption 3.36 billion kWh (2001) 223.2 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production 3.613 billion kWh (2001) 240 million kWh (2003)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Fako (on Mount Cameroon) 4,095 m
lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m


highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m
Environment - current issues water-borne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing inadequate supplies of potable water; limited arable land; desertification; endangered species
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1% Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%
Exchange rates Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999) Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.72 (2005), 177.72 (2004), 177.72 (2003), 177.72 (2002), 177.72 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982)


head of government: Prime Minister Ephraim INONI (since 8 Dec 2004)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from proposals submitted by the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 11 October 2004 (next to be held NA October 2011); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: President Paul BIYA reelected; percent of vote - Paul BIYA 70.9%, John FRU NDI 17.4%, Adamou Ndam NJOYA 4.5%, Garga Haman ADJI 3.7%
chief of state: President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999)


head of government: Prime Minister Mohamed Dileita DILEITA (since 4 March 2001)


cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 8 April 2005 (next to be held by April 2011); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Ismail Omar GUELLEH reelected president; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH 100%
Exports NA (2001) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit)
Exports - partners Spain 21.9%, Italy 13.4%, France 10.8%, Netherlands 10.6%, US 7.5%, China 4.4% (2003) Somalia 55.2%, Yemen 19.5%, Ethiopia 17.9% (2005)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center
GDP purchasing power parity - $27.75 billion (2003 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 42.6%


industry: 19.8%


services: 37.6% (2003 est.)
agriculture: 17.9%


industry: 22.5%


services: 59.6% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,800 (2003 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 4.2% (2003 est.) 3.2% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 6 00 N, 12 00 E 11 30 N, 43 00 E
Geography - note sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa; throughout the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa
Highways total: 34,300 km


paved: 4,288 km


unpaved: 30,012 km (1999 est.)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 1.9%


highest 10%: 36.6% (1996)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports NA (2001) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products
Imports - partners France 21.9%, Nigeria 9.5%, Japan 6.8%, US 5.7%, China 4.9%, Germany 4.3% (2003) Saudi Arabia 21.7%, India 18.5%, China 10%, Ethiopia 4.8%, France 4.5%, US 4.3%, Japan 4.2% (2005)
Independence 1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship) 27 June 1977 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 4.2% (1999 est.) 3% (1996 est.)
Industries petroleum production and refining, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber construction, agricultural processing, salt
Infant mortality rate total: 69.18 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 73.16 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 65.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
total: 102.44 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 110.07 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 94.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.3% (2003 est.) 3% (2005 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land 330 sq km (1998 est.) 10 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High Court of Justice (consists of 9 judges and 6 substitute judges, elected by the National Assembly) Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force 6.49 million NA (2003) 282,000 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 70%, industry and commerce 13%, other 17% agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
Land boundaries total: 4,591 km


border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km
total: 516 km


border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km
Land use arable land: 12.81%


permanent crops: 2.58%


other: 84.61% (2001)
arable land: 0.04%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 99.96% (2005)
Languages 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official) French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar
Legal system based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term of the legislature)


elections: last held 23 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RDCP 133, SDF 21, UDC 5, other 21


note: the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be established
unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)


elections: last held 10 January 2003 (next to be held January 2008)


election results: percent of vote - RPP 62.2%, FRUD 36.9%; seats - RPP 65, FRUD 0; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election
Life expectancy at birth total population: 47.95 years


male: 47.1 years


female: 48.83 years (2004 est.)
total population: 43.17 years


male: 41.86 years


female: 44.52 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 79%


male: 84.7%


female: 73.4% (2003 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 67.9%


male: 78%


female: 58.4% (2003 est.)
Location Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 50 nm territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 169,593 GRT/357,023 DWT


by type: petroleum tanker 1 (2004 est.)
total: 1 ship (1000 GRT or over) 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT


by type: cargo 1 (2006)
Military branches Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), Air Force Djibouti National Army (includes Navy and Air Force)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $189.2 million (2003) $29.05 million (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.4% (2003) 4.3% (2005 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 3,898,944 (2004 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,979,151 (2004 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 184,054 (2004 est.) -
National holiday Republic Day (National Day), 20 May (1972) Independence Day, 27 June (1977)
Nationality noun: Cameroonian(s)


adjective: Cameroonian
noun: Djiboutian(s)


adjective: Djiboutian
Natural hazards volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods
Natural resources petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower geothermal areas, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines gas 90 km; liquid petroleum gas 9 km; oil 1,120 km (2004) -
Political parties and leaders Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou NDAM NJOYA]; Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People or RDCP [Paul BIYA]; Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [leader Marcel YONDO]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MYC [Dieudonne TINA]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Cameroonian Populations or UPC [Augustin Frederic KODOCK] Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party); Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon FARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed Dini AHMED]; Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ
Political pressure groups and leaders Southern Cameroon National Council [Ayamba Ette OTUN]; Human Rights Defense Group [Albert MUKONG, president] Union for Presidential Majority UMP (coalition includes RPP, FRUD, PPSD and PND); Union for Democratic Changeover or UAD (opposition coalition includes ARD, MRDD, UDJ, and PDD) [Ahmed Dini AHMED]
Population 16,063,678


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)
486,530 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line 48% (2000 est.) 50% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 1.97% (2004 est.) 2.02% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Bonaberi, Douala, Garoua, Kribi, Tiko -
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 3 (2002) AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001)
Railways total: 1,008 km


narrow gauge: 1,008 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)
total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway)


narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge


note: railway under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia (2005)
Religions indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20% Muslim 94%, Christian 6%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female


total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 20 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal adult
Telephone system general assessment: available only to business and government


domestic: cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter


international: country code - 237; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
general assessment: telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate, as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country


domestic: microwave radio relay network


international: country code - 253; submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseille, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network
Telephones - main lines in use 110,900 (2002) 11,100 (2004)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1.077 million (2003) 34,500 (2004)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2002) 1 (2002)
Terrain diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains
Total fertility rate 4.55 children born/woman (2004 est.) 5.31 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate 30% (2001 est.) 50% (2004 est.)
Waterways navigation mainly on Benue River; limited during rainy season (2004) -
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