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Compare Cambodia (2002) - Andorra (2006)

Compare Cambodia (2002) z Andorra (2006)

 Cambodia (2002)Andorra (2006)
 CambodiaAndorra
Administrative divisions 20 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities* (krong, singular and plural); Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb*, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay, Pailin*, Phnum Penh*, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu* (Sihanoukville), Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria
Age structure 0-14 years: 40.7% (male 2,646,883; female 2,550,015)


15-64 years: 55.8% (male 3,373,692; female 3,758,736)


65 years and over: 3.5% (male 182,149; female 263,849) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 14.7% (male 5,456/female 4,994)


15-64 years: 71.4% (male 26,632/female 24,172)


65 years and over: 14% (male 4,918/female 5,029) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, rubber, corn, vegetables small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep
Airports 20 (2001) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 5


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
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Airports - with unpaved runways total: 16 15


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 13


under 914 m: 2 1 (2002)
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Area total: 181,040 sq km


land: 176,520 sq km


water: 4,520 sq km
total: 468 sq km


land: 468 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Oklahoma 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Following a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; over 1 million displaced people died from execution or enforced hardships. A 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside and touched off 13 years of fighting. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy, as did the rapid diminishment of the Khmer Rouge in the mid-1990s. A coalition government, formed after national elections in 1998, brought renewed political stability and the surrender of remaining Khmer Rouge forces. For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Spanish bishop of Urgel). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the titular heads of state retained, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. Long isolated and impoverished, mountainous Andorra achieved considerable prosperity since World War II through its tourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are attracted to the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes.
Birth rate 32.93 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 8.71 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues: $363 million


expenditures: $532 million, including capital expenditures of $225 million (2000 est.)
revenues: $373.5 million


expenditures: $373.5 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2004)
Capital Phnom Penh name: Andorra la Vella


geographic coordinates: 42 30 N, 1 30 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers
Coastline 443 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution promulgated 21 September 1993 Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 4 May 1993
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia


conventional short form: Cambodia


local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea


local short form: Kampuchea


former: Khmer Republic, Kampuchea Republic
conventional long form: Principality of Andorra


conventional short form: Andorra


local long form: Principat d'Andorra


local short form: Andorra
Currency riel (KHR) -
Death rate 10.51 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 6.25 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $829 million (1999 est.) $NA
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Charles Aaron RAY


embassy: 16, Street 228 (between streets 51 and 63), Phnom Penh


mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546


telephone: [855] (23) 216-436


FAX: [855] (23) 216-437
the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US Ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda de Montcada, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: [34] (3) 280-2227; FAX: [34] (3) 205-5206
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador ROLAND ENG


chancery: 4500 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011


telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742


FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jelena V. PIA-COMELLA


chancery: 2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017


telephone: [1] (212) 750-8064


FAX: [1] (212) 750-6630
Disputes - international demarcation of boundaries with Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam is nearing completion; accuses Thailand of moving or destroying boundary markers and encroachment, of not respecting its claims, and of sealing off access to the Preah Vihear temple ruin awarded to Cambodia by the ICJ in 1962; accuses Vietnam of territorial encroachments and initiating armed border incidents in seven provinces, despite substantial demarcation efforts to date; disputes several offshore islands with Vietnam, which prevents delimitation of a maritime boundary none
Economic aid - recipient $548 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2001 by international donors none
Economy - overview Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997-98 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting. Foreign investment and tourism fell off. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, progress was made on economic reforms and growth resumed at 5%. GDP growth for 2000 had been projected to reach 5.5%, but the worst flooding in 70 years severely damaged agricultural crops, and high oil prices hurt industrial production, and growth for the year is estimated at only 4%. In 2001, severe floods damaged an estimated 15% of the area devoted to rice. Tourism now is Cambodia's fastest growing industry, with arrivals up 34% in 2000 and up another 40% in 2001 before the September 11 terrorist attacks in the US. The long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fear of renewed political instability and corruption within the government discourage foreign investment and delay foreign aid. On the brighter side, the government is addressing these issues with assistance from bilateral and multilateral donors. Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for more than 80% of GDP. An estimated 11.6 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Andorra's comparative advantage has recently eroded as the economies of neighboring France and Spain have been opened up, providing broader availability of goods and lower tariffs. The banking sector, with its partial "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited - only 2% of the land is arable - and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing output consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.
Electricity - consumption 122.76 million kWh (2000) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) NA kWh
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) NA kWh; note - most electricity supplied by Spain and France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower
Electricity - production 132 million kWh (2000) NA kWh
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 62%


hydro: 38%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
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Elevation extremes lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m


highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m
lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m


highest point: Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m
Environment - current issues illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; toxic waste delivery from Taiwan sparked unrest in Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville) in December 1998 deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
party to: Hazardous Wastes


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4% Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998)
Exchange rates riels per US dollar - 3,895.0 (January 2002), 3,918.5 (2001), 3,840.8 (2000), 3,807.8 (1999), 3,744.4 (1998), 2,946.3 (1997) euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state: King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993)


head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 30 November 1998) and Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since NA) and TOL LAH (since NA)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and apppointed by the king
chief of state: French Coprince Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by Philippe MASSONI (since 26 July 2002); Spanish Coprince Bishop Joan Enric VIVES i SICILIA (since 12 May 2003), represented by Nemesi MARQUES i OSTE (since NA)


head of government: Executive Council President Albert PINTAT SANTOLARIA (since 27 May 2005)


cabinet: Executive Council or Govern designated by the Executive Council president


elections: Executive Council president elected by the General Council and formally appointed by the coprinces for a four-year term; election last held 24 April 2005 (next to be held April-May 2009)


election results: Albert PINTAT SANTOLARIA elected executive council president; percent of General Council vote - NA
Exports $1.05 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.) $145 million f.o.b. (2004)
Exports - commodities timber, garments, rubber, rice, fish tobacco products, furniture
Exports - partners US 46.4%, Vietnam 26.1%, Germany 5.6%, Singapore 5.0%, UK 3.9% (2000) Spain 58%, France 34% (2004)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem
GDP purchasing power parity - $18.7 billion (2001 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 50%


industry: 15%


services: 35% (2000 est.)
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2001 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 5.3% (2001 est.) 4% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 13 00 N, 105 00 E 42 30 N, 1 30 E
Geography - note a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees
Heliports 2 (2002) -
Highways total: 35,769 km


paved: 4,165 km


unpaved: 31,604 km (1997)
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Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 3%


highest 10%: 34% (1997)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders -
Imports $1.4 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.) $1.077 billion (1998)
Imports - commodities petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles consumer goods, food, electricity
Imports - partners Singapore 22.5%, Thailand 19.8%, Hong Kong 15.6%, China 4.9%, Vietnam 4.9% (2000) Spain 51.5%, France 22.3%, US 0.3% (2004)
Independence 9 November 1953 (from France) 1278 (formed under the joint suzerainty of the French count of Foix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, banking
Infant mortality rate 64 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) total: 4.04 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 4.38 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 3.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.6% (2000 est.) 3.4% (2004)
International organization participation ACCT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) CE, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OIF, OIF (associate member), OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) -
Irrigated land 2,700 sq km (1998 est.) NA
Judicial branch Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional
Labor force 6 million (1998 est.) 48,740 (2004)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 80% (2001 est.) agriculture: 0.34%


industry: 19.63%


services: 80.03% (2004)
Land boundaries total: 2,572 km


border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
total: 120.3 km


border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km
Land use arable land: 20.96%


permanent crops: 0.61%


other: 78.43% (1998 est.)
arable land: 2.13%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 97.87% (2005)
Languages Khmer (official) 95%, French, English Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese
Legal system primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral consists of the National Assembly (122 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional constituencies"; members serve five-year terms)


elections: National Assembly - last held 26 July 1998 (next to be held NA July 2003); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 41%, FUNCINPEC 32%, SRP 14%, other 13%; seats by party - CPP 64, FUNCINPEC 43, SRP 15; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7, other 2
unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the seven parishes; members serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 24 April 2005 (next to be held March-April 2009)


election results: percent of vote by party - PLA 41.2%, PS 38.1%, CDA-S21 11%, other 9.7%; seats by party - PLA 14, PS 12, CDA-S21 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 57.1 years


male: 54.81 years


female: 59.5 years (2002 est.)
total population: 83.51 years


male: 80.61 years


female: 86.61 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 35%


male: 48%


female: 22% (1990 est.)
definition: NA


total population: 100%


male: 100%


female: 100%
Location Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain
Map references Southeast Asia Europe
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 404 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,889,404 GRT/2,740,232 DWT


ships by type: bulk 37, cargo 312, chemical tanker 2, combination bulk 5, container 7, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 15, refrigerated cargo 10, roll on/roll off 9, short-sea passenger 2


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Aruba 1, Belize 8, British Virgin Islands 1, Bulgaria 3, China 21, Cyprus 15, Denmark 1, Egypt 7, Estonia 1, Georgia 1, Germany 1, Greece 12, Honduras 5, Hong Kong 12, Iceland 1, Indonesia 2, Iran 1, Ireland 1, Italy 1, Japan 5, Jordan 1, Latvia 2, Lebanon 5, Liberia 5, Lithuania 1, Malta 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 2, Panama 7, Romania 4, Russia 67, Saint Kitts and Nevis 10, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4, Singapore 15, South Korea 24, Syria 13, Thailand 1, Turkey 22, Ukraine 13, United Arab Emirates 2, United Kingdom 1, United States 5, Vietnam 2, Virgin Islands (UK) 1 (2002 est.)
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Military - note - defense is the responsibility of France and Spain
Military branches Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF): Army, Navy, Air Force no regular military forces, Police Service of Andorra
Military expenditures - dollar figure $112 million (FY01 est.) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3% (FY01 est.) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 2,990,790 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,673,713 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 162,643 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 9 November (1953) Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)
Nationality noun: Cambodian(s)


adjective: Cambodian
noun: Andorran(s)


adjective: Andorran
Natural hazards monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts avalanches
Natural resources timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) 6.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Political parties and leaders Buddhist Liberal Party or BLP [IENG MOULY]; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; Khmer Citizen Party or KCP [NGUON SOEUR]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP (formerly Khmer Nation Party or KNP) [SAM RANGSI] Andorran Democratic Center Party or CDA (formerly Democratic Party or PD); Century 21 or S21 [Enric TARRADO]; Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA (formerly Liberal Union or UL) [Albert PINTAT]; Social Democratic Party or PS (formerly part of National Democratic Group or AND) [Jaume BARTUMEU CASSANY]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 12,775,324


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
71,201 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line 36% (1997 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 2.24% (2002 est.) 0.89% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh -
Radio broadcast stations AM 7, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1999) AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 1.34 million (1997) -
Railways total: 603 km


narrow gauge: 603 km 1.000-m gauge (2001 est.)
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Religions Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5% Roman Catholic (predominant)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.1 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female


total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; rural areas have little telephone service


domestic: NA


international: adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
general assessment: NA


domestic: modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges


international: country code - 376; landline circuits to France and Spain
Telephones - main lines in use 21,800 (mid-1998) 35,400 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 80,000 (2000) 64,600 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 5 (1999) 0 (1997)
Terrain mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys
Total fertility rate 4.66 children born/woman (2002 est.) 1.3 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate 2.8% (1999 est.) 0% (1996 est.)
Waterways 3,700 km


note: navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m
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