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Compare Brunei (2004) - Sweden (2006)

Compare Brunei (2004) z Sweden (2006)

 Brunei (2004)Sweden (2006)
 BruneiSweden
Administrative divisions 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong 21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarnas, Gavleborgs, Gotlands, Hallands, Jamtlands, Jonkopings, Kalmar, Kronobergs, Norrbottens, Orebro, Ostergotlands, Skane, Sodermanlands, Stockholms, Uppsala, Varmlands, Vasterbottens, Vasternorrlands, Vastmanlands, Vastra Gotalands
Age structure 0-14 years: 29.1% (male 54,243; female 52,013)


15-64 years: 68% (male 131,682; female 116,631)


65 years and over: 2.9% (male 5,035; female 5,647) (2004 est.)
0-14 years: 16.7% (male 775,433/female 732,773)


15-64 years: 65.7% (male 3,001,928/female 2,918,242)


65 years and over: 17.6% (male 689,756/female 898,464) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo barley, wheat, sugar beets; meat, milk
Airports 2 (2003 est.) 255 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total: 155


over 3,047 m: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 13


1,524 to 2,437 m: 80


914 to 1,523 m: 23


under 914 m: 36 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total: 100


914 to 1,523 m: 9


under 914 m: 91 (2006)
Area total: 5,770 sq km


land: 5,270 sq km


water: 500 sq km
total: 449,964 sq km


land: 410,934 sq km


water: 39,030 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Delaware slightly larger than California
Background The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the developing world. A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war in almost two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Sweden's long-successful economic formula of a capitalist system interlarded with substantial welfare elements was challenged in the 1990s by high unemployment and in 2000-02 by the global economic downturn, but fiscal discipline over the past several years has allowed the country to weather economic vagaries. Indecision over the country's role in the political and economic integration of Europe delayed Sweden's entry into the EU until 1995, and waived the introduction of the euro in 1999.
Birth rate 19.33 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 10.27 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues: $2.5 billion


expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.)
revenues: $210.5 billion


expenditures: $205.9 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005 est.)
Capital Bandar Seri Begawan name: Stockholm


geographic coordinates: 59 20 N, 18 03 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate tropical; hot, humid, rainy temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
Coastline 161 km 3,218 km
Constitution 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984) 1 January 1975
Country name conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam


conventional short form: Brunei
conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden


conventional short form: Sweden


local long form: Konungariket Sverige


local short form: Sverige
Currency Bruneian dollar (BND) -
Death rate 3.4 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 10.31 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $0 $516.1 billion (30 June 2005)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Gene B. CHRISTY


embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan


mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507


telephone: [673] (2) 229670


FAX: [673] (2) 225293
chief of mission: Ambassador Michael M. WOOD


embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds VAG 31, SE-11589 Stockholm


mailing address: American Embassy Stockholm, US Department of State, 5750 Stockholm Place, Washington, DC 20521-5750 (pouch)


telephone: [46] (08) 783 53 00


FAX: [46] (08) 661 19 64
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato PUTEH


chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838


FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560
chief of mission: Ambassador Gunnar LUND


chancery: 902 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007


telephone: [1] (202) 467-2600


FAX: [1] (202) 467-2699


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
Disputes - international in 2003 Brunei and Malaysia ceased gas and oil exploration in their offshore and deepwater seabeds until negotiations progress to an agreement over allocation of disputed areas; Malaysia's land boundary with Brunei around Limbang is in dispute; Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984 but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants none
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $1.7 billion (1997)
Economic aid - recipient $4.3 million (1995) -
Economy - overview This small, wealthy economy encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion, although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas. Aided by peace and neutrality for the whole of the 20th century, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Agriculture accounts for only 2% of GDP and of jobs. The government's commitment to fiscal discipline resulted in a substantial budgetary surplus in 2001, which was cut by more than half in 2002, due to the global economic slowdown, declining revenue, and increased spending. The Swedish central bank (the Riksbank) focuses on price stability with its inflation target of 2%. Growth remained sluggish in 2003, but picked up in 2004 and 2005. Presumably because of generous sick-leave benefits, Swedish workers report in sick more often than other Europeans. In September 2003, Swedish voters turned down entry into the euro system, concerned about the impact on democracy and sovereignty.
Electricity - consumption 2.322 billion kWh (2001) 131.8 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 11.5 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 24.3 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - production 2.497 billion kWh (2001) 127.9 billion kWh (2003)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m
lowest point: reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.41 m


highest point: Kebnekaise 2,111 m
Environment - current issues seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia acid rain damage to soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea
Environment - international agreements party to: Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12% indigenous population: Swedes with Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks
Exchange rates Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.7422 (2003), 1.7906 (2002), 1.7917 (2001), 1.724 (2000), 1.695 (1999) Swedish kronor per US dollar - 7.4731 (2005), 7.3489 (2004), 8.0863 (2003), 9.7371 (2002), 10.3291 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
chief of state: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the monarch (born 14 July 1977)


head of government: Prime Minister Fredrik REINFELDT (since 5 October 2006)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister


elections: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the prime minister is elected by the parliament; election last held 17 September 2006 (next to be held in September 2010)


election results: Fredrik REINFELDT elected prime minister with 175 out of 349 votes
Exports NA (2001) 203,700 bbl/day (2001)
Exports - commodities crude oil, natural gas, refined products machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals
Exports - partners Japan 41%, South Korea 11.2%, Thailand 9.4%, Australia 8.4%, US 7.8%, China 6.7%, Singapore 4.5% (2003) US 10.6%, Germany 10.2%, Norway 8.7%, UK 7.3%, Denmark 6.5%, Finland 5.7%, France 4.9%, Netherlands 4.5%, Belgium 4.3% (2005)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
GDP purchasing power parity - $6.5 billion (2002 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 5%


industry: 45%


services: 50% (2001 est.)
agriculture: 1.1%


industry: 28.2%


services: 70.7% (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $18,600 (2002 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2002 est.) 2.7% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 4 30 N, 114 40 E 62 00 N, 15 00 E
Geography - note close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas
Heliports 3 (2003 est.) 2 (2006)
Highways total: 2,525 km


paved: 2,525 km


unpaved: 0 km (2000)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%: 3.7%


highest 10%: 20.1% (1992)
Illicit drugs drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty -
Imports NA (2001) 553,100 bbl/day (2001)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing
Imports - partners Singapore 19.9%, Malaysia 19.8%, US 11.4%, Japan 9.9%, Hong Kong 6.5%, China 4.8%, Australia 4.3%, Thailand 4% (2003) Germany 17.5%, Denmark 8.9%, Norway 7.8%, UK 6.6%, Netherlands 6.2%, Finland 5.8%, France 5% (2005)
Independence 1 January 1984 (from UK) 6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)
Industrial production growth rate 5% (2002 est.) 1.6% (2005 est.)
Industries petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles
Infant mortality rate total: 13.05 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 16.51 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 9.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
total: 2.76 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 2.92 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 2.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) -2% (2002 est.) 0.5% (2005 est.)
International organization participation APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO AfDB, Arctic Council, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 6, G- 9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Irrigated land 10 sq km (1998 est.) 1,150 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms) Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet)
Labor force 143,400


note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (1999 est.)
4.49 million (2005 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, government 48% (1999 est.) agriculture: 2%


industry: 24%


services: 74% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total: 381 km


border countries: Malaysia 381 km
total: 2,233 km


border countries: Finland 614 km, Norway 1,619 km
Land use arable land: 0.57%


permanent crops: 0.76%


other: 98.67% (2001)
arable land: 5.93%


permanent crops: 0.01%


other: 94.06% (2005)
Languages Malay (official), English, Chinese Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Legal system based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch Legislative Council met on 25 September 2004 for first time in 20 years with 21 members appointed by the Sultan; passed constitutional amendments calling for a 45-seat council with 15 elected members


elections: last held in March 1962; date of next election NA
unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 17 September 2006 (next to be held September 2010)


election results: percent of vote by party - Social Democrats 37.2%, Moderates 27.8%, Center Party 8.3%, People's Party 8.0%, Christian Democrats 6.9%, Left Party 6.3%, Greens 5.4%; seats by party - Social Democrats 130, Moderates 97, Center Party 29, People's Party 28, Christian Democrats 24, Left Party 22, Greens 19
Life expectancy at birth total population: 74.54 years


male: 72.13 years


female: 77.09 years (2004 est.)
total population: 80.51 years


male: 78.29 years


female: 82.87 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 93.9%


male: 96.3%


female: 91.4% (2002)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 99% (2003 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway
Map references Southeast Asia Europe
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to median line
territorial sea: 12 nm (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)


exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlines


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Merchant marine total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 465,937 GRT/413,393 DWT


by type: liquefied gas 8


foreign-owned: United Kingdom 8 (2004 est.)
total: 198 ships (1000 GRT or over) 3,703,834 GRT/2,382,754 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 8, cargo 28, chemical tanker 47, container 5, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 36, petroleum tanker 15, roll on/roll off 31, specialized tanker 4, vehicle carrier 21


foreign-owned: 37 (Belgium 2, Denmark 4, Finland 11, Germany 3, Italy 7, Japan 2, Norway 7, US 1)


registered in other countries: 161 (Bahamas 6, Bermuda 14, Cayman Islands 9, Cook Islands 3, Cyprus 3, Denmark 1, France 2, French Southern and Antarctic Lands 9, Gibraltar 5, Isle of Man 1, Liberia 8, Malta 3, Netherlands 26, Netherlands Antilles 5, Norway 28, Panama 5, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Singapore 12, UK 15, US 5) (2006)
Military branches Royal Brunei Land Forces, Royal Brunei Navy, Royal Brunei Air Force Swedish Armed Forces (Forsvarsmakten): Army (Armen), Royal Swedish Navy (Marinen), Swedish Air Force (Svenska Flygvapnet) (2006)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $339.5 million (2003) $5.51 billion (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 5.9% (2003) 1.5% (2005 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 112,630 (2004 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: approx. 60,000 (2004 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 3,425 (2004 est.) -
National holiday National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection Flag Day, 6 June
Nationality noun: Bruneian(s)


adjective: Bruneian
noun: Swede(s)


adjective: Swedish
Natural hazards typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, timber iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber, hydropower
Net migration rate 3.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) 1.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines gas 665 km; oil 439 km (2004) gas 798 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988) Center Party [Maud OLOFSSON]; Christian Democratic Party [Goran HAGGLUND]; Environment Party the Greens [no formal leader but party spokespersons are Maria WETTERSTRAND and Peter ERIKSSON]; Left Party or V (formerly Communist) [Lars OHLY]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Fredrik REINFELDT]; People's Party [Lars LEIJONBORG]; Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 365,251 (July 2004 est.) 9,016,596 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line NA (1992 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.95% (2004 est.) 0.16% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong -
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 265, shortwave 1 (1998)
Railways - total: 11,481 km


standard gauge: 11,481 km 1.435-m gauge (9,400 km electrified) (2005)
Religions Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10% Lutheran 87%, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist
Sex ratio at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female


total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage none 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: service throughout the country is excellent; international service is good to East Asia, Europe, and the US


domestic: every service available


international: country code - 673; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore (2001)
general assessment: excellent domestic and international facilities; automatic system


domestic: coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels


international: country code - 46; 5 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway)
Telephones - main lines in use 90,000 (2002) 6.447 million (2004)
Telephones - mobile cellular 137,000 (2002) 8.436 million (2005)
Television broadcast stations 2 (1997) 169 (plus 1,299 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
Total fertility rate 2.33 children born/woman (2004 est.) 1.66 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate 10% (2001 est.) 5.8% (2005 est.)
Waterways 209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m) (2004) 2,052 km (2005)
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