Compare Brunei (2002) - Bangladesh (2004)

Compare Brunei (2002) z Bangladesh (2004)

	Brunei (2002)	Bangladesh (2004)

Administrative divisions	4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong	6 divisions; Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, and Sylhet
Age structure	0-14 years: 30.2% (male 54,038; female 51,833) 15-64 years: 67% (male 125,051; female 110,257) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 4,609; female 5,110) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 33.5% (male 24,359,149; female 23,013,811) 15-64 years: 63.1% (male 45,557,963; female 43,626,950) 65 years and over: 3.4% (male 2,575,519; female 2,207,084) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo	rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruit; beef, milk, poultry
Airports	2 (2001)	16 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)	total: 15 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km	total: 144,000 sq km land: 133,910 sq km water: 10,090 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Delaware	slightly smaller than Iowa
Background	The Sultanate of Brunei's heyday occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries, when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the less developed countries. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries.	Bangladesh came into existence in 1971 when Bengali East Pakistan seceded from its union with West Pakistan. About a third of this extremely poor country floods annually during the monsoon rainy season, hampering economic development.
Birth rate	20.06 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	30.03 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $2.5 billion expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.)	revenues: $5.352 billion expenditures: $7.55 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003)
Capital	Bandar Seri Begawan	Dhaka
Climate	tropical; hot, humid, rainy	tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)
Coastline	161 km	580 km
Constitution	29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)	4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspended following coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986, amended many times
Country name	conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei	conventional long form: People's Republic of Bangladesh conventional short form: Bangladesh former: East Pakistan
Currency	Bruneian dollar (BND)	taka (BDT)
Death rate	3.38 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	8.52 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$0	$18.06 billion (2003)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Gene B. CHRISTY embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293	chief of mission: Ambassador Harry K. THOMAS, Jr. embassy: Madani Avenue, Baridhara, Dhaka 1212 mailing address: G. P. O. Box 323, Dhaka 1000 telephone: [880] (2) 885-5500 FAX: [880] (2) 882-3744
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador PUTEH ibni Mohammad Alam chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838 FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560	chief of mission: Ambassador Syed Hasan AHMAD chancery: 3510 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 244-0183 FAX: [1] (202) 244-5366 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
Disputes - international	Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984, but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs	discussions with India remain stalled to delimit a small section of river boundary, exchange 162 miniscule enclaves in both countries, allocate divided villages, and stop illegal cross-border trade, migration, and violence; Bangladesh protests India's attempts to fence off high-traffic sections of the porous boundary; dispute with India over New Moore/South Talpatty/Purbasha Island in the Bay of Bengal deters maritime boundary delimitation; Burmese Muslim refugees strain Bangladesh's meager resources
Economic aid - recipient	$4.3 million (1995) (1995)	$1.575 billion (2000 est.)
Economy - overview	This small, wealthy economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas.	Despite sustained domestic and international efforts to improve economic and demographic prospects, Bangladesh remains a poor, overpopulated, and ill-governed nation. Although half of GDP is generated through the service sector, nearly two-thirds of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector, with rice as the single-most-important product. Major impediments to growth include frequent cyclones and floods, inefficient state-owned enterprises, inadequate port facilities, a rapidly growing labor force that cannot be absorbed by agriculture, delays in exploiting energy resources (natural gas), insufficient power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms. Economic reform is stalled in many instances by political infighting and corruption at all levels of government. Progress also has been blocked by opposition from the bureaucracy, public sector unions, and other vested interest groups. The BNP government, led by Prime Minister Khaleda ZIA, has the parliamentary strength to push through needed reforms, but the party's political will to do so has been lacking in key areas. One encouraging note: growth has been a steady 5% for the past several years.
Electricity - consumption	2.065 billion kWh (2000)	14.25 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	2.22 billion kWh (2000)	15.33 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Keokradong 1,230 m
Environment - current issues	seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia	many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land; water-borne diseases prevalent in surface water; water pollution, especially of fishing areas, results from the use of commercial pesticides; ground water contaminated by naturally occurring arsenic; intermittent water shortages because of falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation and erosion; deforestation; severe overpopulation
Environment - international agreements	party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%	Bengali 98%, tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims (1998)
Exchange rates	Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.8388 (January 2002), 1.8917 (2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997); note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar	taka per US dollar - 58.15 (2003), 57.888 (2002), 55.8067 (2001), 52.1417 (2000), 49.0854 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary	chief of state: President Iajuddin AHMED (since 6 September 2002); note - the president's duties are normally ceremonial, but with the 13th amendment to the constitution ("Caretaker Government Amendment"), the president's role becomes significant at times when Parliament is dissolved and a caretaker government is installed - at presidential direction - to supervise the elections head of government: Prime Minister Khaleda ZIA (since 10 October 2001) cabinet: Cabinet selected by the prime minister and appointed by the president elections: president elected by National Parliament for a five-year term; election scheduled for 16 September 2002 was not held since Iajuddin AHMED was the only presidential candidate; he was sworn in on 6 September 2002 (next election to be held by NA 2007); following legislative elections, the leader of the party that wins the most seats is usually appointed prime minister by the president election results: Iajuddin AHMED declared by the Election Commission elected unopposed as president; percent of National Parliament vote - NA
Exports	$3 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	crude oil, natural gas, refined products	garments, jute and jute goods, leather, frozen fish and seafood (2001)
Exports - partners	Japan 42%, US 17%, South Korea 14%, Thailand 3% (1999)	US 23.9%, Germany 13.6%, UK 9.7%, France 5.9% (2003)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands	green with a large red disk slightly to the hoist side of center; the red sun of freedom represents the blood shed to achieve independence; the green field symbolizes the lush countryside, and secondarily, the traditional color of Islam
GDP	purchasing power parity - $6.2 billion (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $258.8 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 5% industry: 45% services: 50% (2001 est.)	agriculture: 21.7% industry: 26.6% services: 51.7% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $18,000 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $1,900 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	3% (2001 est.)	5.3% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	4 30 N, 114 40 E	24 00 N, 90 00 E
Geography - note	close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia	most of the country is situated on deltas of large rivers flowing from the Himalayas: the Ganges unites with the Jamuna (main channel of the Brahmaputra) and later joins the Meghna to eventually empty into the Bay of Bengal
Heliports	3 (2002)	-
Highways	total: 1,712 km paved: 1,284 km unpaved: 428 km (1996)	total: 207,486 km paved: 19,773 km unpaved: 187,713 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: 3.9% highest 10%: 28.6% (1995-96 est.)
Illicit drugs	drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty	transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring countries
Imports	$1.4 billion c.i.f. (2000 est.)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals	machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement (2000)
Imports - partners	Singapore 34%, UK 15%, Malaysia 15%, US 5% (1999)	India 15.4%, China 11.3%, Singapore 10.8%, Japan 5.9%, Hong Kong 4.5% (2003)
Independence	1 January 1984 (from UK)	16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December 1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation of the state of Bangladesh
Industrial production growth rate	4% (1997 est.)	1.9% (2003 est.)
Industries	petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction	cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, sugar
Infant mortality rate	13.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 64.32 deaths/1,000 live births male: 65.41 deaths/1,000 live births female: 63.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (1999 est.)	5.6% (2003 est.)
International organization participation	APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CCC, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO	AsDB, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNOCI, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	2 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	10 sq km (1998 est.)	38,440 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms)	Supreme Court (the chief justices and other judges are appointed by the president)
Labor force	143,400 (1999 est.); note - includes foreign workers and military personnel note: temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991) (1999 est.)	64.02 million note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $1.71 billion in 1998-99 (2003)
Labor force - by occupation	government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.)	agriculture 63%, industry 11%, services 26% (FY95/96)
Land boundaries	total: 381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km	total: 4,246 km border countries: Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km
Land use	arable land: 0.57% permanent crops: 0.76% other: 98.67% (1998 est.)	arable land: 62.11% permanent crops: 3.07% other: 34.82% (2001)
Languages	Malay (official), English, Chinese	Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English
Legal system	based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas	based on English common law
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch) elections: last held in March 1962 note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years	unicameral National Parliament or Jatiya Sangsad; 300 seats elected by popular vote from single territorial constituencies (the constitutional amendment reserving 30 seats for women over and above the 300 regular parliament seats expired in May 2001); members serve five-year terms elections: last held 1 October 2001 (next to be held before October 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - BNP and alliance partners 47%, AL 40%; seats by party - BNP 195, AL 58, JI 17, JP (Ershad faction) 14, IOJ 3, JP (Naziur) 4, other 9; note - the election of October 2001 brought a majority BNP government aligned with three other smaller parties - Jamaat-i-Islami, Islami Oikya Jote, and Jatiya Party (Manzur)
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 74.06 years male: 71.68 years female: 76.56 years (2002 est.)	total population: 61.71 years male: 61.8 years female: 61.61 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.2% male: 92.6% female: 83.4% (1995 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 43.1% male: 53.9% female: 31.8% (2003 est.)
Location	Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia	Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India
Map references	Southeast Asia	Asia
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM or to median line territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 18 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: up to the outer limits of the continental margin
Merchant marine	total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT ships by type: liquefied gas 7 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: United Kingdom 7 (2002 est.)	total: 40 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 319,897 GRT/440,575 DWT by type: bulk 2, cargo 24, container 10, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 1 foreign-owned: China 1, Singapore 9 registered in other countries: 10 (2004 est.)
Military branches	Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police	Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$343 million (FY98)	$606.8 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	5.1% (FY98)	1.2% (2003)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 108,921 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 39,523,128 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 62,864 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 23,441,482 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - military age	18 years of age (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 3,005 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection	Independence Day, 26 March (1971); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December 1971 is Victory Day and commemorates the official creation of the state of Bangladesh
Nationality	noun: Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian	noun: Bangladeshi(s) adjective: Bangladeshi
Natural hazards	typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare	droughts, cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season
Natural resources	petroleum, natural gas, timber	natural gas, arable land, timber, coal
Net migration rate	3.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines	crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km	gas 2,012 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders	Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985, but became largely inactive after 1988, it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988)	Awami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA]; Bangladesh Communist Party or BCP [Saifuddin Ahmed MANIK]; Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP [Khaleda ZIA, chairperson]; Islami Oikya Jote or IOJ [Mufti Fazlul Haq AMINI]; Jamaat-e-Islami or JI [Motiur Rahman NIZAMI]; Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction) [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD]; Jatiya Party (Manzur faction) [Naziur Rahman MANZUR]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	350,898 (July 2002 est.)	141,340,476 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	35.6% (FY95/96 est.)
Population growth rate	2.06% (2002 est.)	2.08% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong	Chittagong, Dhaka, Mongla Port, Narayanganj
Radio broadcast stations	AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 12, FM 12, shortwave 2 (1999)
Radios	329,000 (1998)	-
Railways	total: 13 km (private line) narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge (2001 est.)	total: 2,706 km broad gauge: 884 km 1.676-m gauge narrow gauge: 1,822 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)
Religions	Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%	Muslim 83%, Hindu 16%, other 1% (1998)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.17 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	none	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: service throughout country is excellent; international service good to Europe, US, and East Asia domestic: every service available international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, Singapore, and Philippines (2001)	general assessment: totally inadequate for a modern country domestic: modernizing; introducing digital systems; trunk systems include VHF and UHF microwave radio relay links, and some fiber-optic cable in cities international: country code - 880; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); international radiotelephone communications and landline service to neighboring countries (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use	79,000 (1996)	740,000 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	43,524 (1996)	1.365 million (2003)
Television broadcast stations	2 (1997)	15 (1999)
Terrain	flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west	mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast
Total fertility rate	2.4 children born/woman (2002 est.)	3.15 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	10% (2001 est.)	40% (includes underemployment) (2002 est.)
Waterways	209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m	8,372 km note: includes 2,575 km main cargo routes (2004)

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