Compare Botswana (2002) - Indonesia (2006)

Compare Botswana (2002) z Indonesia (2006)

	Botswana (2002)	Indonesia (2006)

Administrative divisions	10 districts and four town councils; Central, Chobe, Francistown, Gaborone, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse, Ngamiland, North-East, Selebi-Pikwe, South-East, Southern*	30 provinces (propinsi-propinsi, singular - propinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Irian Jaya Barat, Jakarta Raya, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Kepulauan Riau, Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Papua, Riau, Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Yogyakarta note: following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, the 440 districts or regencies have become the key administrative units responsible for providing most government services
Age structure	0-14 years: 40% (male 319,988; female 316,961) 15-64 years: 55.8% (male 428,638; female 458,777) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 26,965; female 39,903) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 28.8% (male 35,995,919/female 34,749,582) 15-64 years: 65.8% (male 80,796,794/female 80,754,238) 65 years and over: 5.4% (male 5,737,473/female 7,418,733) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products	livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts	rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs
Airports	92 (2001)	662 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)	total: 159 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 15 1,524 to 2,437 m: 49 914 to 1,523 m: 49 under 914 m: 42 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 76 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 55 under 914 m: 18 (2002)	total: 503 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 26 under 914 m: 471 (2006)
Area	total: 600,370 sq km land: 585,370 sq km water: 15,000 sq km	total: 1,919,440 sq km land: 1,826,440 sq km water: 93,000 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Texas	slightly less than three times the size of Texas
Background	Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. The economy, one of the most robust on the continent, is dominated by diamond mining.	The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; the islands were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence after Japan's surrender, but it required four years of intermittent negotiations, recurring hostilities, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to relinquish its colony. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and home to the world's largest Muslim population. Current issues include: alleviating poverty, preventing terrorism, consolidating democracy after four decades of authoritarianism, implementing financial sector reforms, stemming corruption, and holding the military and police accountable for human rights violations. Indonesia was the nation worst hit by the December 2004 tsunami, which particularly affected Aceh province causing over 100,000 deaths and over $4 billion in damage. An additional earthquake in March 2005 created heavy destruction on the island of Nias. Reconstruction in these areas may take up to a decade. In 2005, Indonesia reached a historic peace agreement with armed separatists in Aceh, but it continues to face a low intensity separatist guerilla movement in Papua.
Birth rate	28.04 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	20.34 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget	revenues: $2.3 billion expenditures: $2.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY01/02 )	revenues: $54.3 billion expenditures: $57.7 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005 est.)
Capital	Gaborone	name: Jakarta geographic coordinates: 6 10 S, 106 48 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: Indonesia is divided into three time zones
Climate	semiarid; warm winters and hot summers	tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	54,716 km
Constitution	March 1965, effective 30 September 1966	August 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959; series of amemdments concluded in 2002
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Botswana conventional short form: Botswana former: Bechuanaland	conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia conventional short form: Indonesia local long form: Republik Indonesia local short form: Indonesia former: Netherlands East Indies; Dutch East Indies
Currency	pula (BWP)	-
Death rate	26.26 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	6.25 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external	$325 million (2001)	$135 billion (2005 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph HUGGING embassy: address NA, Gaborone mailing address: Embassy Enclave, P. O. Box 90, Gaborone telephone: [267] 353982 FAX: [267] 312782	chief of mission: Ambassador B. Lynn PASCOE embassy: Jalan 1 Medan Merdeka Selatan 4-5, Jakarta 10110 mailing address: Unit 8129, Box 1, FPO AP 96520 telephone: [62] (21) 3435-9000 FAX: [62] (21) 3435-9922 consulate(s) general: Surabaya consulate(s): Medan; Denpasar (consular agency)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Kgosi SEEPAPITSO IV chancery: 1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 244-4990 FAX: [1] (202) 244-4164	chief of mission: Ambassador SUDJADNAN Parnohadiningrat chancery: 2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 775-5200 FAX: [1] (202) 775-5365 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco
Disputes - international	none	East Timor-Indonesia Boundary Committee continues to meet, survey, and delimit land boundary, but several sections of the boundary remain unresolved; many East Timorese refugees who left in 2003 still reside in Indonesia and refuse repatriation; Indonesia and East Timor contest the sovereignty of the uninhabited coral island of Pulau Batek/Fatu Sinai, which hinders a decision on a northern maritime boundary; a 1997 treaty between Indonesia and Australia settled some parts of their maritime boundary but outstanding issues remain; ICJ's award of Sipadan and Ligitan islands to Malaysia in 2002 left maritime boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Celebes Sea in dispute, culminating in hostile confrontations in March 2005 over concessions to the Ambalat oil block; the ICJ decision has prompted Indonesia to assert claims to and to establish a presence on its smaller outer islands; Indonesia and Singapore pledged in 2005 to finalize their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Batam Island; Indonesian secessionists, squatters, and illegal migrants create repatriation problems for Papua New Guinea; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait
Economic aid - recipient	$73 million (1995) (1995)	$43 billion note: Indonesia finished its IMF program in December 2003 but still receives bilateral aid through the Consultative Group on Indonesia (CGI), which pledged $2.8 billion in grants and loans for 2004 and again in 2005; nearly $5 billion in aid money pledged by a variety bilateral, multilateral, and non-governmental organization (NGO) donors following the 2004 tsunami; money is slated for use in relief and rebuilding efforts in Aceh (2002)
Economy - overview	Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest growth rates since independence in 1966. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $7,800 in 2001. Two major investment services rank Botswana as the best credit risk in Africa. Diamond mining has fueled much of expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP and for four-fifths of export earnings. Tourism, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. On the downside, the government must deal with high rates of unemployment and poverty. Unemployment officially is 21%, but unofficial estimates place it closer to 40%. HIV/AIDS infection rates are the highest in the world and threaten Botswana's impressive economic gains.	Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, has struggled to overcome the Asian financial crisis, and still grapples with high unemployment, a fragile banking sector, endemic corruption, inadequate infrastructure, a poor investment climate, and unequal resource distribution among regions. Indonesia became a net oil importer in 2004 because of declining production and lack of new exploration investment. In late December 2004, the Indian Ocean tsunami took 131,000 lives with another 37,000 missing, left some 570,000 displaced persons, and caused an estimated $4.5 billion in damages and losses. The cost of subsidizing domestic fuel placed increasing strain on the budget in 2005, and combined with indecisive monetary policy, contributed to a run on the currency in August 2005, prompting the government to enact a 126% average fuel price hike in October. The resulting inflation and interest rate hikes dampened growth prospects in 2006. However, in October 2006, Jakarta paid off its outstanding IMF debt, incurred during the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis, four years ahead of schedule. Keys to future growth remain internal reform, building up the confidence of international and domestic investors, and strong global economic growth.
Electricity - consumption	1.451 billion kWh (2000)	105.4 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2004)
Electricity - imports	986 million kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2004)
Electricity - production	500 million kWh (2000)	120.2 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m highest point: Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Puncak Jaya 5,030 m
Environment - current issues	overgrazing; desertification; limited fresh water resources	deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups	Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7%	Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays 7.5%, other 26%
Exchange rates	pulas per US dollar - 6.8353 (January 2002), 5.8412 (2001), 5.1018 (2000), 4.6244 (1999), 4.2259 (1998), 3.6508 (1997)	Indonesian rupiahs per US dollar - 9,704.7 (2005), 8,938.9 (2004), 8,577.1 (2003), 9,311.2 (2002), 10,260.9 (2001)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004); vice president appointed by the president election results: Festus MOGAE elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 54.3%	chief of state: President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004) and Vice President Muhammad Yusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004) and Vice President Muhammad Yusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president and vice president were elected for five-year terms (eligible for a second term) by direct vote of the citizenry; last held 20 September 2004 (next to be held in 2009) election results: Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO elected president receiving 60.6% of vote; MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri received 39.4%
Exports	$2.5 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)	431,500 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Exports - commodities	diamonds 80%, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles (2001)	oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber
Exports - partners	EFTA 85%, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 10%, Zimbabwe 2% (1999)	Japan 21.1%, US 11.5%, Singapore 9.2%, South Korea 8.3%, China 7.8%, Malaysia 4% (2005)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	calendar year; note - previously was 1 April - 31 March, but starting with 2001, has been changed to calendar year
Flag description	light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center	two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red
GDP	purchasing power parity - $12.4 billion (2001 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 4% industry: 44% (including 36% mining) services: 52% (2000 est.)	agriculture: 13.4% industry: 45.8% services: 40.8% (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $7,800 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	4.7% (2001 est.)	5.6% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates	22 00 S, 24 00 E	5 00 S, 120 00 E
Geography - note	landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country	archipelago of 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean
Heliports	-	23 (2006)
Highways	total: 10,217 km paved: 5,620 km unpaved: 4,597 km (1999)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: 3.6% highest 10%: 28.5% (2002)
Illicit drugs	-	illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use; producer of methamphetamine and ecstasy
Imports	$2.1 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)	345,700 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Imports - commodities	foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products (2000)	machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs
Imports - partners	Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 77%, EFTA 9%, Zimbabwe 4% (1999)	Singapore 16.4%, Japan 12%, China 10.1%, US 6.7%, Thailand 6%, South Korea 5%, Saudi Arabia 4.7%, Australia 4.4% (2005)
Independence	30 September 1966 (from UK)	17 August 1945 (independence proclaimed); 27 December 1949 (Netherlands recognizes Indonesian independence)
Industrial production growth rate	2.4% (2001 est.)	4.8% (2005 est.)
Industries	diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing; textiles	petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism
Infant mortality rate	64.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 34.39 deaths/1,000 live births male: 39.36 deaths/1,000 live births female: 29.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	6.6% (2001 est.)	10.5% (2005 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	APEC, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, BIS, CP, EAS, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	11 (2001)	-
Irrigated land	10 sq km (1998 est.)	45,000 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch	High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in each district)	Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the president from a list of candidates approved by the legislature); a separate Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi was invested by the president on 16 August 2003; in March 2004 the Supreme Court assumed administrative and financial responsibility for the lower court system from the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights; Labor Court under supervision of Supreme Court began functioning in January 2006
Labor force	264,000 formal sector employees (2000)	94.2 million (2005 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	NA	agriculture: 46.5% industry: 11.8% services: 41.7% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 4,013 km border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km	total: 2,830 km border countries: East Timor 228 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km
Land use	arable land: 0.61% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99.38% (1998 est.)	arable land: 11.03% permanent crops: 7.04% other: 81.93% (2005)
Languages	English (official), Setswana	Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese
Legal system	based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures and election codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the eight principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members selected by the other 12 members) and the National Assembly (44 seats, 40 members are directly elected by popular vote and 4 are appointed by the majority party; members serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly elections last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - BDP 54.3%, BNF 24.7%, other 21%; seats by party - BDP 33, BNF 6, other 1	House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) (550 seats; members elected to serve five-year terms); House of Regional Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah or DPD), constitutionally mandated role includes providing legislative input to DPR on issues affecting regions; People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR) has role in inaugurating and impeaching president and in amending constitution; consists of popularly-elected members in DPR and DPD; MPR does not formulate national policy elections: last held 5 April 2004 (next to be held in 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - Golkar 21.6%, PDI-P 18.5%, PKB 10.6%, PPP 8.2%, PD 7.5%, PKS 7.3%, PAN 6.4%, others 19.9%; seats by party - Golkar 128, PDI-P 109, PPP 58, PD 55, PAN 53, PKB 52, PKS 45, others 50 note: because of election rules, the number of seats won does not always follow the percentage of votes received by parties
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 35.29 years male: 35.15 years female: 35.43 years (2002 est.)	total population: 69.87 years male: 67.42 years female: 72.45 years (2006 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 69.8% male: 80.5% female: 59.9% (1995 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 87.9% male: 92.5% female: 83.4% (2002 est.)
Location	Southern Africa, north of South Africa	Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
Map references	Africa	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	-	total: 824 ships (1000 GRT or over) 3,773,771 GRT/4,887,614 DWT by type: bulk carrier 43, cargo 451, chemical tanker 21, container 50, liquefied gas 7, livestock carrier 1, passenger 41, passenger/cargo 58, petroleum tanker 132, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 12, specialized tanker 4, vehicle carrier 2 foreign-owned: 30 (France 1, Germany 1, Japan 3, South Korea 1, Norway 1, Philippines 1, Singapore 17, Switzerland 3, UK 2) registered in other countries: 122 (Bahamas 4, Belize 2, Bermuda 1, Cambodia 1, Georgia 1, Hong Kong 4, Liberia 1, Panama 50, Singapore 56, Thailand 1, unknown 1) (2006)
Military branches	Botswana Defense Force (including Army and Air Wing), Botswana National Police	Indonesia Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI): Army (TNI-AD), Navy (TNI-AL, includes marines, naval air arm), Air Force (TNI-AU) note: the TNI is directly subordinate to the president but the government is making efforts to incorporate it into the Department of Defense
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$135 million (FY01/02)	$1.3 billion (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	3.5% (FY01/02)	3% (2004)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 384,888 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 202,685 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	18 years of age (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 19,479 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day (Botswana Day), 30 September (1966)	Independence Day, 17 August (1945)
Nationality	noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural) adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)	noun: Indonesian(s) adjective: Indonesian
Natural hazards	periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility	occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, forest fires
Natural resources	diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver	petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines	-	condensate 944 km; condensate/gas 135 km; gas 9,175 km; oil 7,684 km; oil/gas/water 89 km; refined products 1,367 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders	Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus MOGAE]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Mokgweetsi KGOSIPULA]; Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO] note: a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the BAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats; the BAM parties are: the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO], the Independence Freedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO], and the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE]	Crescent Moon and Star Party or PBB [Yusril Ihza MAHENDRA]; Democratic Party or PD [Subur BUDHISANTOSO]; Functional Groups Party or Golkar [Yusuf KALLA]; Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri]; National Awakening Party or PKB [Alwi SHIHAB]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Sutrisno BACHIR]; Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [Tifatul SEMBIRING]; United Development Party or PPP [Hamzah HAZ]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	1,591,232 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)	245,452,739 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	47% (2000 est.)	16.7% (2004)
Population growth rate	0.18% (2002 est.)	1.41% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors	none	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 8, FM 13, shortwave 4 (2001)	AM 678, FM 43, shortwave 82 (1998)
Radios	252,720 (2000)	-
Railways	total: 888 km narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2000 est.)	total: 6,458 km narrow gauge: 5,961 km 1.067-m gauge (125 km electrified); 497 km 0.750-m gauge (2005)
Religions	indigenous beliefs 85%, Christian 15%	Muslim 88%, Protestant 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist 1%, other 1% (1998)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age
Telephone system	general assessment: the system is expanding with the growth of mobile cellular service and participation in regional development domestic: small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations; mobile cellular service is growing fast international: two international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)	general assessment: domestic service fair, international service good domestic: interisland microwave system and HF radio police net; domestic satellite communications system international: country code - 62; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	131,000 (September 2001)	12.772 million (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular	270,000 (September 2001)	46.91 million (2005)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2001)	54 local TV stations note: 11 national TV networks; each with their own group of local, often low power, transmitters (2006)
Terrain	predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest	mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains
Total fertility rate	3.6 children born/woman (2002 est.)	2.4 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate	40% (official rate is 21%) (2001 est.)	11.8% (2005 est.)
Waterways	none	21,579 km (2005)

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