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Compare Bolivia (2002) - Andorra (2002)

Compare Bolivia (2002) z Andorra (2002)

 Bolivia (2002)Andorra (2002)
 BoliviaAndorra
Administrative divisions 9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Escaldes-Engordany, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria
Age structure 0-14 years: 37.8% (male 1,626,596; female 1,565,124)


15-64 years: 57.7% (male 2,383,852; female 2,491,823)


65 years and over: 4.5% (male 169,583; female 208,156) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 15.2% (male 5,456; female 4,951)


15-64 years: 71.9% (male 25,855; female 23,311)


65 years and over: 12.9% (male 4,425; female 4,405) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes; timber small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep
Airports 1,109 (2001) none (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 12


over 3,047 m: 4


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
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Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1,069 1,096


over 3,047 m: 1 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 64 65


914 to 1,523 m: 225 236


under 914 m: 776 790 (2002)
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Area total: 1,098,580 sq km


land: 1,084,390 sq km


water: 14,190 sq km
total: 468 sq km


land: 468 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than three times the size of Montana 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simon BOLIVAR, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825; much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of nearly 200 coups and counter-coups. Comparatively democratic civilian rule was established in the 1980s, but leaders have faced difficult problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, and drug production. Current goals include attracting foreign investment, strengthening the educational system, continuing the privatization program, and waging an anticorruption campaign. For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality, ruled by the French chief of state and the Spanish bishop of Urgel. In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the titular heads of state retained, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. Long isolated and impoverished, mountainous Andorra achieved considerable prosperity since World War II through its tourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are attracted to the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes.
Birth rate 26.41 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 9.97 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $4 billion


expenditures: $4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2002 est.)
revenues: $385 million


expenditures: $342 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997)
Capital La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary) Andorra la Vella
Climate varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 2 February 1967; revised in August 1994 Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; approved by referendum 14 March 1993; came into force 4 May 1993
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Bolivia


conventional short form: Bolivia


local long form: Republica de Bolivia


local short form: Bolivia
conventional long form: Principality of Andorra


conventional short form: Andorra


local long form: Principat d'Andorra


local short form: Andorra
Currency boliviano (BOB) euro (EUR); French franc (FRF); Spanish peseta (ESP)
Death rate 8.05 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 5.57 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $5.8 billion (2001 est.) $NA
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador David N. GREENLEE


embassy: Avenida Arce 2780, San Jorge, La Paz


mailing address: P. O. Box 425, La Paz; APO AA 34032


telephone: [591] (2) 2430120, 2430251


FAX: [591] (2) 2433900
the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US Ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: (3493) 280-2227; FAX: (3493) 205-7705
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Jaime APARICIO Otero


chancery: 3014 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 483-4410


FAX: [1] (202) 328-3712


consulate(s) general: Miami, New York, and San Francisco
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jelena V. PIA-COMELLA


chancery: 2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017


telephone: [1] (212) 750-8064


FAX: [1] (212) 750-6630
Disputes - international continues to demand a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama region was lost to Chile in 1884 border is undemarcated in sections
Economic aid - recipient $588 million (1997) (1997) none
Economy - overview Bolivia, long one of the poorest and least developed Latin American countries, has made considerable progress toward the development of a market-oriented economy. Successes under President SANCHEZ DE LOZADA (1993-97) included the signing of a free trade agreement with Mexico and becoming an associate member of the Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur), as well as the privatization of the state airline, telephone company, railroad, electric power company, and oil company. Growth slowed in 1999, in part due to tight government budget policies, which limited needed appropriations for anti-poverty programs, and the fallout from the Asian financial crisis. In 2000, major civil disturbances in April, and again in September and October, held down overall growth to 2.5%. Bolivia's GDP failed to grow in 2001 due to the global slowdown and laggard domestic activity. Growth is expected to pick up in 2002, but the fiscal deficit and debt burden will remain high. Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 9 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Andorra's comparative advantage has recently eroded as the economies of neighboring France and Spain have been opened up, providing broader availability of goods and lower tariffs. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited - only 2% of the land is arable - and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing output consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.
Electricity - consumption 3.605 billion kWh (2000) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 5 million kWh (2000) NA kWh
Electricity - imports 11 million kWh (2000) NA kWh


note: most electricity supplied by Spain and France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower
Electricity - production 3.87 billion kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 48%


hydro: 50%


nuclear: 0%


other: 2% (2000)
fossil fuel: NA%


hydro: NA%


nuclear: NA%


other: NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point: Rio Paraguay 90 m


highest point: Nevado Sajama 6,542 m
lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m


highest point: Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m
Environment - current issues the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection
party to: Hazardous Wastes


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Quechua 30%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry) 30%, Aymara 25%, white 15% Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998)
Exchange rates bolivianos per US dollar - 6.8613 (January 2002), 6.6069 (2001), 6.1835 (2000), 5.8124 (1999), 5.5101 (1998), 5.2543 (1997) euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997); Spanish pesetas per US dollar - 149.40 (1998), 146.41 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state: President Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA Bustamante (since 4 August 2002); Vice President Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert (since 4 August 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA Bustamante (since 4 August 2002); Vice President Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert (since 4 August 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 30 June 2002 (next to be held NA June 2007)


election results: the new president was chosen by Congress, a result of no candidate winning a majority in the 30 June 2002 election; Congressional votes - Gonzalo SANCHEZ de Lozada 84, Evo MORALES 43
chief of state: French Coprince Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by Frederic de SAINT-SERNIN (since NA); Spanish Coprince Episcopal Monseigneur Joan Marti ALANIS (since 31 January 1971), represented by Nemesi MARQUES OSTE (since NA)


head of government: Executive Council President Marc FORNE Molne (since 21 December 1994)


cabinet: Executive Council or Govern designated by the Executive Council president


elections: Executive Council president elected by the General Council and formally appointed by the coprinces for a four-year term; election last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held NA 2005)


election results: Marc FORNE Molne elected executive council president; percent of General Council vote - NA%
Exports $1.2 billion (2001 est.) $58 million f.o.b. (1998)
Exports - commodities soybeans, natural gas, zinc, gold, wood tobacco products, furniture
Exports - partners US 32%, Colombia 18%, UK 15%, Brazil 15%, Peru 6% (2000) France 34%, Spain 58% (1998)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem
GDP purchasing power parity - $21.4 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $1.3 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 14%


industry: 31%


services: 55% (2000 est.)
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,600 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $19,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 0% (2001 est.) 3.8% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 17 00 S, 65 00 W 42 30 N, 1 30 E
Geography - note landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees
Highways total: 49,400 km


paved: 2,500 km (including 30 km of expressways)


unpaved: 46,900 km (1996)
total: 269 km


paved: 198 km


unpaved: 71 km (1994 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 1%


highest 10%: 46% (1997) (1997)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and Peru) with an estimated 24,400 hectares under cultivation in June 2002, a 23% increase from June 2001; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported to or through Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile to the US and other international drug markets; eradication and alternative crop programs under the SANCHEZ DE LOZADA administration have been unable to keep pace with farmers' attempts to increase cultivation after significant reductions in 1998 and 1999; money-laundering activity related to narcotics trade, especially along the borders with Brazil and Paraguay -
Imports $1.5 billion (2001 est.) $1.077 billion (1998)
Imports - commodities capital goods, raw materials and semi-manufactures, chemicals, petroleum, food consumer goods, food, electricity
Imports - partners US 24%, Argentina 17%, Brazil 15%, Chile 9%, Peru 5% (2000) Spain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (1998)
Independence 6 August 1825 (from Spain) 1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of the French count of Foix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel)
Industrial production growth rate 3.9% (1998) (1998) NA%
Industries mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, tobacco, banking
Infant mortality rate 57.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 4.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2% (2001 est.) 4.3% (2000)
International organization participation CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO CCC, CE, ECE, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OSCE, UN, UNESCO, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 9 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 1,280 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-year terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases) Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional
Labor force 2.5 million 33,000 (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% agriculture 1%, industry 21%, services 78% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total: 6,743 km


border countries: Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km
total: 120.3 km


border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km
Land use arable land: 1.73%


permanent crops: 0.21%


other: 98.06% (1998 est.)
arable land: 2.22%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 97.78% (1998 est.)
Languages Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official) Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese
Legal system based on Spanish law and Napoleonic Code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (27 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - some members are drawn from party lists, thus not directly elected)


elections: Chamber of Senators and Chamber of Deputies - last held 30 June 2002 (next to be held NA June 2007)


election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNR 11, MAS 8, MIR 5, NFR 2, other 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNR 36, MAS 27, MIR 26, NFR 25, others 16
unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the 7 parishes; members serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - PLA 46.1%, PSD 30%, PD 23.8%, other 0.1%; seats by party - PLA 15, PSD 6, PD 5, independents 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 64.42 years


male: 61.86 years


female: 67.1 years (2002 est.)
total population: 83.48 years


male: 80.58 years


female: 86.58 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 83.1%


male: 90.5%


female: 76% (1995 est.)
definition: NA


total population: 100%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Central South America, southwest of Brazil Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain
Map references South America Europe
Maritime claims none (landlocked) none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 36 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 196,399 GRT/320,137 DWT


ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 15, chemical tanker 2, container 1, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 2


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of Belize 2, China 2, Cuba 1, Cyprus 1, Egypt 1, Honduras 1, Latvia 2, Liberia 2, Panama 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Singapore 1, South Korea 3, Switzerland 1, Ukraine 1, United Arab Emirates 5, United States 1 (2002 est.)
-
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of France and Spain
Military branches Army (Ejercito Boliviano), Navy (Fuerza Naval, includes Marines), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana), National Police Force (Policia Nacional de Bolivia) no regular military forces, but there is a police force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $147 million (FY99) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.8% (FY99) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 2,062,321 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,343,755 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 19 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 90,120 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 6 August (1825) Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)
Nationality noun: Bolivian(s)


adjective: Bolivian
noun: Andorran(s)


adjective: Andorran
Natural hazards flooding in the northeast (March-April) avalanches
Natural resources tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead
Net migration rate -1.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) 6.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 1,800 km; petroleum products 580 km; natural gas 1,495 km -
Political parties and leaders Bolivian Socialist Falange or FSB [Otto RICHTER]; Civic Solidarity Union or UCS [Johnny FERNANDEZ]; Conscience of the Fatherland or CONDEPA [Remedios LOZA Alvarado]; Free Bolivia Movement or MBL [Franz BARRIOS]; Movement of the Revolutionary Left or MIR [Jaime PAZ Zamora]; Movement to Socialism or MAS [leader NA]; Nationalist Democratic Action or ADN [Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez]; Nationalist Revolutionary Movement or MNR [Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA]; New Republican Force or NFR [Manfred REYES-VILLA]; United Left or IU [Marcos DOMIC]


note: the ADN, MIR, and UCS comprise the ruling coalition
Democratic Party or PD (formerly part of National Democratic Group or AND) [leader NA]; Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA [Marc Forne MOLNE] (used to be Liberal Union or UL); National Democratic Initiative or IDN [Vincenc MATEU Zamora]; New Democracy or ND [Jaume BARTOMEU Cassany]; Social Democratic Party or PSD (formerly part of National Democratic Group of AND) [leader NA]; Union of the People of Ordino (Unio Parroquial d'Ordino) or UPO [Simo DURO Coma]


note: there are two other small parties
Political pressure groups and leaders Cocalero Groups; indigenous organizations; labor unions; Sole Confederation of Campesino Workers of Bolivia or CSUTCB [Felipe QUISPE] NA
Population 8,445,134 (July 2002 est.) 68,403 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 70% (1999 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.69% (2002 est.) 1.11% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Puerto Aguirre (on the Paraguay/Parana waterway, at the Bolivia/Brazil border); also, Bolivia has free port privileges in maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay none
Radio broadcast stations AM 171, FM 73, shortwave 77 (1999) AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 5.25 million (1997) 16,000 (1997)
Railways total: 3,691 km


narrow gauge: 3,652 km 1.000-m gauge; 39 km 0.760-m gauge (13 km electrified) (1995 est.)
0 km
Religions Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist) Roman Catholic (predominant)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female


total population: 1.09 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age, universal and compulsory (married); 21 years of age, universal and compulsory (single) 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities; mobile cellular telephone use expanding rapidly


domestic: primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: NA


domestic: modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges


international: landline circuits to France and Spain
Telephones - main lines in use 327,600 (1996) 32,946 (December 1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 116,000 (1997) 14,117 (December 1998)
Television broadcast stations 48 (1997) 0 (1997)
Terrain rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys
Total fertility rate 3.37 children born/woman (2002 est.) 1.26 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 7.6% (2000)


note: widespread underemployment (2000)
0%
Waterways 10,000 km (commercially navigable) none
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