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Compare Bhutan (2004) - Tokelau (2007)
Compare Bhutan (2004) z Tokelau (2007)
| Bhutan (2004) | Tokelau (2007) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 18 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Chirang, Dagana, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel, Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar, Shemgang, Tashigang, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang
note: there may be two new districts named Gasa and Yangtse |
none (territory of New Zealand) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 39.3% (male 445,548; female 414,338)
15-64 years: 56.6% (male 637,637; female 600,253) 65 years and over: 4% (male 44,298; female 43,495) (2004 est.) |
0-14 years: 42%
15-64 years: 53% 65 years and over: 5% |
| Agriculture - products | rice, corn, root crops, citrus, foodgrains; dairy products, eggs | coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats; fish |
| Airports | 2 (2003 est.) | - |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
- |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
- |
| Area | total: 47,000 sq km
land: 47,000 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 10 sq km
land: 10 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about half the size of Indiana | about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC |
| Background | In 1865, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding some border land. Under British influence, a monarchy was set up in 1907; three years later, a treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. This role was assumed by independent India after 1947. Two years later, a formal Indo-Bhutanese accord returned the areas of Bhutan annexed by the British, formalized the annual subsidies the country received, and defined India's responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. A refugee issue of some 100,000 Bhutanese in Nepal remains unresolved; 90% of the refugees are housed in seven United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps. | Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925. |
| Birth rate | 34.41 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) | NA |
| Budget | revenues: $146 million
expenditures: $152 million, including capital expenditures of NA note: the government of India finances nearly three-fifths of Bhutan's budget expenditures (FY95/96 est.) |
revenues: $430,800
expenditures: $2.8 million (1987 est.) |
| Capital | Thimphu | none; each atoll has its own administrative center
time difference: UTC-11 (6 hours behind Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Climate | varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas | tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November) |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | 101 km |
| Constitution | no written constitution or bill of rights; note - in 2001 the King commissioned the drafting of a constitution, and in November 2004 presented a draft to the Council of Ministers | administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amended in 1970 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan
conventional short form: Bhutan |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Tokelau |
| Currency | ngultrum (BTN); Indian rupee (INR) | - |
| Death rate | 13.2 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) | NA |
| Debt - external | $245 million (2000) | - |
| Dependency status | - | self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelau and New Zealand have agreed to a draft constitution as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand; a UN sponsored referendum on self governance in October 2007 did not produce the two-thirds majority vote necessary for changing the political status |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US and Bhutan have no formal diplomatic relations, although informal contact is maintained between the Bhutanese and US Embassy in New Delhi (India) | none (territory of New Zealand) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none; note - Bhutan has a Permanent Mission to the UN; address: 2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017; telephone [1] (212) 826-1919; FAX [1] (212) 826-2998; the Bhutanese mission to the UN has consular jurisdiction in the US
consulate(s) general: New York |
none (territory of New Zealand) |
| Disputes - international | approximately 100,000 Bhutanese refugees living in Nepal, 90% of whom reside in seven UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees camps, place decades-long strains on Nepal | Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island (Olohega) in its 2006 draft constitution |
| Economic aid - recipient | substantial aid from India and other nations | NA |
| Economy - overview | The economy, one of the world's smallest and least developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 90% of the population. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links and dependence on India's financial assistance. The industrial sector is technologically backward, with most production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor. Bhutan's hydropower potential and its attraction for tourists are key resources. Model education, social, and environment programs are underway with support from multilateral development organizations. Each economic program takes into account the government's desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For example, the government in its cautious expansion of the tourist sector encourages the visits of upscale, environmentally conscientious visitors. Detailed controls and uncertain policies in areas like industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment. | Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $4 million annually - to maintain public services with annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand. |
| Electricity - consumption | 379.5 million kWh (2001) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - exports | 1.4 billion kWh (2001) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 16 million kWh (2001) | - |
| Electricity - production | 1.896 billion kWh (2001) | NA kWh |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Drangme Chhu 97 m
highest point: Kula Kangri 7,553 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 5 m |
| Environment - current issues | soil erosion; limited access to potable water | limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
- |
| Ethnic groups | Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35% (includes Lhotsampas - one of several Nepalese ethnic groups), indigenous or migrant tribes 15% | Polynesian |
| Exchange rates | ngultrum per US dollar - 46.5806 (2003), 48.6103 (2002), 47.1864 (2001), 44.9416 (2000), 43.0554 (1999) | New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.5408 (2006), 1.4203 (2005), 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003), 2.1622 (2002) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK (since 24 July 1972)
head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Lyonpo Yeshey ZIMBA (since 20 August 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers (Lhengye Shungtsog) nominated by the monarch, approved by the National Assembly; members serve fixed, five-year terms; note - there is also a Royal Advisory Council (Lodoi Tsokde), members nominated by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary, but democratic reforms in July 1998 grant the National Assembly authority to remove the monarch with two-thirds vote |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General of New Zealand Anand SATYANAND (since 23 August 2006); New Zealand is represented by Administrator David PAYTON (since 17 October 2006)
head of government: Kolouei O'BRIEN (2006); note - position rotates annually among the three Faipule (village leaders) cabinet: the Council for the Ongoing Government of Tokelau, consisting of three Faipule (village leaders) and three Pulenuku (village mayors), functions as a cabinet elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term |
| Exports | NA (2001) | $0 f.o.b. (2002) |
| Exports - commodities | electricity (to India), cardamom, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, precious stones, spices | stamps, copra, handicrafts |
| Exports - partners | Bangladesh 60.5%, US 11.7%, Malaysia 5.7% (2003) | New Zealand (2006) |
| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side | the flag of New Zealand is used |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $2.7 billion (2002 est.) | - |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 45%
industry: 10% services: 45% (2002 est.) |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2002 est.) | - |
| GDP - real growth rate | 7.7% (2002 est.) | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 27 30 N, 90 30 E | 9 00 S, 172 00 W |
| Geography - note | landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes | consists of three atolls (Atafu, Fakaofo, Nukunonu), each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over 3 m above sea level |
| Highways | total: 3,690 km
paved: 2,240 km unpaved: 1,450 km (1999 est.) |
- |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
- |
| Imports | NA (2001) | $969,200 c.i.f. (2002) |
| Imports - commodities | fuel and lubricants, grain, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice | foodstuffs, building materials, fuel |
| Imports - partners | Japan 36.6%, Austria 14.2%, Sweden 8.3%, China 7.5%, Thailand 6%, Bangladesh 6%, Germany 5.5%, Italy 4% (2003) | New Zealand (2006) |
| Independence | 8 August 1949 (from India) | none (territory of New Zealand) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 9.3% (1996 est.) | - |
| Industries | cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide | small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 102.56 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 100.35 deaths/1,000 live births female: 104.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) |
total: NA
male: NA female: NA |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 3% (2002 est.) | NA% |
| International organization participation | AsDB, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OPCW (signatory), SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) | PIF (observer), SPC, UNESCO (associate), UPU |
| Irrigated land | 400 sq km (1998 est.) | NA |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges appointed by the monarch) | Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau |
| Labor force | NA
note: massive lack of skilled labor (1997 est.) |
440 (2001) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 93%, industry and commerce 2%, services 5% | - |
| Land boundaries | total: 1,075 km
border countries: China 470 km, India 605 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 3.09%
permanent crops: 0.43% other: 96.48% (2001) |
arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile)
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005) |
| Languages | Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects | Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English |
| Legal system | based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction | New Zealand and local statutes |
| Legislative branch | unicameral National Assembly or Tshogdu (150 seats; 105 elected from village constituencies, 10 represent religious bodies, and 35 are designated by the monarch to represent government and other secular interests; members serve three-year terms)
elections: local elections last held November 2002 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: NA |
unicameral General Fono (21 seats; based upon proportional representation from the three islands elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; Nukunonu has six seats, Fakaofo has seven seats, Atafu has eight seats); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power on the General Fono
elections: last held January 2005 (next to be held January 2008) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 53.99 years
male: 54.27 years female: 53.68 years (2004 est.) |
total population: NA
male: NA female: NA |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 42.2% male: 56.2% female: 28.1% (1995 est.) |
NA |
| Location | Southern Asia, between China and India | Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand |
| Map references | Asia | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of New Zealand |
| Military branches | Royal Bhutan Army, Royal Bodyguard, National Militia | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $11.2 million (2003) | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 1.9% (2003) | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49: 544,560 (2004 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49: 290,843 (2004 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | males: 23,379 (2004 est.) | - |
| National holiday | National Day (Ugyen WANGCHUCK became first hereditary king), 17 December (1907) | Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) |
| Nationality | noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Bhutanese |
noun: Tokelauan(s)
adjective: Tokelauan |
| Natural hazards | violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season | lies in Pacific typhoon belt |
| Natural resources | timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbide | NEGL |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) | NA |
| Political parties and leaders | no legal parties | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepalese organizations leading militant antigovernment campaign; Indian merchant community; United Front for Democracy (exiled) | none |
| Population | 2,185,569
note: other estimates range as low as 810,000 (July 2004 est.) |
1,449 (July 2007 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 2.12% (2004 est.) | -0.018% (2007 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none | - |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 0, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998) | AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA (one radio station provides service to all islands) (2002) |
| Religions | Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25% | Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2%
note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
NA |
| Suffrage | each family has one vote in village-level elections; note - in late 2003 Bhutan's legislature passed a new election law | 21 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: NA
domestic: domestic telephone service is very poor with few telephones in use international: country code - 975; international telephone and telegraph service is by landline through India; a satellite earth station was planned (1990) |
general assessment: modern satellite-based communications system
domestic: radiotelephone service between islands international: country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 25,200 (2003) | 300 (2002) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 8,000 (2003) | - |
| Television broadcast stations | 0 (1997) | - |
| Terrain | mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna | low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons |
| Total fertility rate | 4.87 children born/woman (2004 est.) | NA |
| Unemployment rate | NA | NA% |
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