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Compare Bhutan (2004) - Dhekelia (2004)

Compare Bhutan (2004) z Dhekelia (2004)

 Bhutan (2004)Dhekelia (2004)
 BhutanDhekelia
Administrative divisions 18 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Chirang, Dagana, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel, Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar, Shemgang, Tashigang, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang


note: there may be two new districts named Gasa and Yangtse		 -
Age structure 0-14 years: 39.3% (male 445,548; female 414,338)


15-64 years: 56.6% (male 637,637; female 600,253)


65 years and over: 4% (male 44,298; female 43,495) (2004 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products rice, corn, root crops, citrus, foodgrains; dairy products, eggs -
Airports 2 (2003 est.) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)		 -
Area total: 47,000 sq km


land: 47,000 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 130.8 sq km


note: area surrounds three Cypriot enclaves
Area - comparative about half the size of Indiana about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC
Background In 1865, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding some border land. Under British influence, a monarchy was set up in 1907; three years later, a treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. This role was assumed by independent India after 1947. Two years later, a formal Indo-Bhutanese accord returned the areas of Bhutan annexed by the British, formalized the annual subsidies the country received, and defined India's responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. A refugee issue of some 100,000 Bhutanese in Nepal remains unresolved; 90% of the refugees are housed in seven United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps. By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovreignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers in total: Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The larger of these of these is the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Eastern Sovereign Base Area.
Birth rate 34.41 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Budget revenues: $146 million


expenditures: $152 million, including capital expenditures of NA


note: the government of India finances nearly three-fifths of Bhutan's budget expenditures (FY95/96 est.)		 -
Capital Thimphu Episkopi; located in Akrotiri
Climate varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) -
Constitution no written constitution or bill of rights; note - in 2001 the King commissioned the drafting of a constitution, and in November 2004 presented a draft to the Council of Ministers -
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan


conventional short form: Bhutan		 conventional long form: Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area


conventional short form: Dhekelia
Currency ngultrum (BTN); Indian rupee (INR) -
Death rate 13.2 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Debt - external $245 million (2000) -
Dependency status - overseas territory of UK; administered by an administrator who is also the Commander, British Forces Cyprus
Diplomatic representation from the US the US and Bhutan have no formal diplomatic relations, although informal contact is maintained between the Bhutanese and US Embassy in New Delhi (India) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US none; note - Bhutan has a Permanent Mission to the UN; address: 2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017; telephone [1] (212) 826-1919; FAX [1] (212) 826-2998; the Bhutanese mission to the UN has consular jurisdiction in the US


consulate(s) general: New York		 none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international approximately 100,000 Bhutanese refugees living in Nepal, 90% of whom reside in seven UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees camps, place decades-long strains on Nepal -
Economic aid - recipient substantial aid from India and other nations -
Economy - overview The economy, one of the world's smallest and least developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 90% of the population. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links and dependence on India's financial assistance. The industrial sector is technologically backward, with most production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor. Bhutan's hydropower potential and its attraction for tourists are key resources. Model education, social, and environment programs are underway with support from multilateral development organizations. Each economic program takes into account the government's desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For example, the government in its cautious expansion of the tourist sector encourages the visits of upscale, environmentally conscientious visitors. Detailed controls and uncertain policies in areas like industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment. Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Dhekelia. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.
Electricity - consumption 379.5 million kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 1.4 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 16 million kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 1.896 billion kWh (2001) -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Drangme Chhu 97 m


highest point: Kula Kangri 7,553 m		 -
Environment - current issues soil erosion; limited access to potable water netting and trapping of small migrant songbirds in the spring and autumn
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea		 -
Ethnic groups Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35% (includes Lhotsampas - one of several Nepalese ethnic groups), indigenous or migrant tribes 15% -
Exchange rates ngultrum per US dollar - 46.5806 (2003), 48.6103 (2002), 47.1864 (2001), 44.9416 (2000), 43.0554 (1999) -
Executive branch chief of state: King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK (since 24 July 1972)


head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Lyonpo Yeshey ZIMBA (since 20 August 2004)


cabinet: Council of Ministers (Lhengye Shungtsog) nominated by the monarch, approved by the National Assembly; members serve fixed, five-year terms; note - there is also a Royal Advisory Council (Lodoi Tsokde), members nominated by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary, but democratic reforms in July 1998 grant the National Assembly authority to remove the monarch with two-thirds vote		 chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Administrator Maj. Gen. Peter Tomas Clayton PEARSON (since 9 May 2003) note - reports to the British Ministry of Defence


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the administrator is appointed by the monarch
Exports NA (2001) -
Exports - commodities electricity (to India), cardamom, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, precious stones, spices -
Exports - partners Bangladesh 60.5%, US 11.7%, Malaysia 5.7% (2003) -
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June -
Flag description divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side the flag of the UK is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $2.7 billion (2002 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 45%


industry: 10%


services: 45% (2002 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2002 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 7.7% (2002 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 27 30 N, 90 30 E 34 59 N, 33 45 E
Geography - note landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus
Highways total: 3,690 km


paved: 2,240 km


unpaved: 1,450 km (1999 est.)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA		 -
Imports NA (2001) -
Imports - commodities fuel and lubricants, grain, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice -
Imports - partners Japan 36.6%, Austria 14.2%, Sweden 8.3%, China 7.5%, Thailand 6%, Bangladesh 6%, Germany 5.5%, Italy 4% (2003) -
Independence 8 August 1949 (from India) -
Industrial production growth rate 9.3% (1996 est.) -
Industries cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide -
Infant mortality rate total: 102.56 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 100.35 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 104.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)		 -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3% (2002 est.) -
International organization participation AsDB, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OPCW (signatory), SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) -
Irrigated land 400 sq km (1998 est.) -
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges appointed by the monarch) -
Labor force NA


note: massive lack of skilled labor (1997 est.)		 -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 93%, industry and commerce 2%, services 5% -
Land boundaries total: 1,075 km


border countries: China 470 km, India 605 km		 -
Land use arable land: 3.09%


permanent crops: 0.43%


other: 96.48% (2001)		 -
Languages Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects -
Legal system based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Tshogdu (150 seats; 105 elected from village constituencies, 10 represent religious bodies, and 35 are designated by the monarch to represent government and other secular interests; members serve three-year terms)


elections: local elections last held November 2002 (next to be held NA 2005)


election results: NA		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 53.99 years


male: 54.27 years


female: 53.68 years (2004 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 42.2%


male: 56.2%


female: 28.1% (1995 est.)		 -
Location Southern Asia, between China and India on the southeast coast of Cyprus near Famagusta
Map references Asia Middle East
Maritime claims none (landlocked) -
Military - note - includes Dheklia Garrison and Ayios Nikolaos Station connected by a roadway
Military branches Royal Bhutan Army, Royal Bodyguard, National Militia -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $11.2 million (2003) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.9% (2003) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 544,560 (2004 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 290,843 (2004 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 23,379 (2004 est.) -
National holiday National Day (Ugyen WANGCHUCK became first hereditary king), 17 December (1907) -
Nationality noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural)


adjective: Bhutanese		 -
Natural hazards violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season -
Natural resources timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbide -
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Political parties and leaders no legal parties -
Political pressure groups and leaders Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepalese organizations leading militant antigovernment campaign; Indian merchant community; United Front for Democracy (exiled) -
Population 2,185,569


note: other estimates range as low as 810,000 (July 2004 est.)		 no indigenous personnel


note: approximately 2,200 military personnel are on the base; there are another 5,000 British citizens who are families of military personnel or civilian staff on both the bases of Akrotiri and Dhekelia; Cyprus citizens work on the base, but do not live there
Population below poverty line NA -
Population growth rate 2.12% (2004 est.) -
Ports and harbors none -
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998) -
Religions Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female


total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2004 est.)		 -
Suffrage each family has one vote in village-level elections; note - in late 2003 Bhutan's legislature passed a new election law -
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: domestic telephone service is very poor with few telephones in use


international: country code - 975; international telephone and telegraph service is by landline through India; a satellite earth station was planned (1990)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 25,200 (2003) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 8,000 (2003) -
Television broadcast stations 0 (1997) -
Terrain mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna -
Total fertility rate 4.87 children born/woman (2004 est.) -
Unemployment rate NA -
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