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Compare Bermuda (2002) - Svalbard (2006)

Compare Bermuda (2002) z Svalbard (2006)

 Bermuda (2002)Svalbard (2006)
 BermudaSvalbard
Administrative divisions 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick -
Age structure 0-14 years: 19.2% (male 6,058; female 6,225)


15-64 years: 69.4% (male 21,950; female 22,442)


65 years and over: 11.4% (male 3,163; female 4,122) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: NA


15-64 years: NA


65 years and over: NA (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products -
Airports 1 (2002) 4 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 2


under 914 m: 2 (2006)
Area total: 53.3 sq km


land: 53.3 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 61,020 sq km


land: 61,020 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Area - comparative about one-third the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995. First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.
Birth rate 11.82 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) NA births/1,000 population
Budget revenues: $609.5 million


expenditures: $574.6 million, including capital expenditures of $54.8 million (FY00/01)
revenues: $11.5 million


expenditures: $11.5 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
Capital Hamilton name: Longyearbyen


geographic coordinates: 78 13 N, 15 33 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Coastline 103 km 3,587 km
Constitution 8 June 1968, amended 1989 -
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Bermuda


former: Somers Islands
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
Currency Bermudian dollar (BMD) -
Death rate 7.49 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external $145 million (FY99/00) -
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Consul General Denis Patrick COLEMAN, Jr.


consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DVQ3


mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300


telephone: [1] (441) 295-1342


FAX: [1] (441) 295-1592, [1] (441) 296-9233
-
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) -
Disputes - international none despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone
Economic aid - recipient $NA $8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Economy - overview Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, with its economy primarily based on providing financial services for international business and luxury facilities for tourists. The effects of 11 September 2001 have had both positive and negative ramifications for Bermuda. On the positive side, a number of new reinsurance companies have located on the island, contributing to the expansion of an already robust international business sector. On the negative side, Bermuda's already weakening tourism industry - which derives over 80% of its visitors from the US - has been further hit as American tourists have chosen not to travel. Most capital equipment and food must be imported, with the US serving as the primary source of goods, followed by the UK. Bermuda's industrial sector is small, although construction continues to be important. Agriculture is limited, only 6% of the land being arable. Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox.
Electricity - consumption 553.35 million kWh (2000) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production 595 million kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Town Hill 76 m
lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m
Environment - current issues asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space; sustainable development NA
Ethnic groups black 58%, white 36%, other 6% Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)
Exchange rates Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar) Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 6.4425 (2005), 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003), 7.9838 (2002), 8.9917 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir John VEREKER (since NA April 2002)


head of government: Premier Jennifer SMITH (since 10 November 1998)


cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed premier by the governor
chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991)


head of government: Governor Odd Olsen INGERO (since 8 June 2001) and Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since NA)


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice
Exports $51 million (2000) $NA
Exports - commodities reexports of pharmaceuticals -
Exports - partners EU excluding UK 77.9%, US 9.8%, UK 6.9% (1999) -
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March -
Flag description red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag the flag of Norway is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $2.2 billion (2001 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 1%


industry: 10%


services: 89% (1995 est.)
-
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $34,800 (2001 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 2.9% (2001 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 32 20 N, 64 45 W 78 00 N, 20 00 E
Geography - note consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land, reclaimed and otherwise, was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995 northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area; site of future seed repository under construction by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and the Norwegian Government
Highways total: 450 km


paved: 450 km


unpaved: 0 km


note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
-
Imports $719 million (2000) $NA
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals -
Imports - partners EU excluding UK 35.4%, US 17.8%, UK 15.4%, Russia 14.6% (1999) -
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK) none (territory of Norway)
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries tourism, international business, light manufacturing -
Infant mortality rate 9.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3% (July 2001) -
International organization participation Caricom (observer), CCC, ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 20 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km NA
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts -
Labor force 37,472 (2000) NA
Labor force - by occupation clerical 22%, services 20%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 13%, sales 8%, agriculture and fishing 3% (2000 est.) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (1998 est.)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2005)
Languages English (official), Portuguese Norwegian, Russian
Legal system English law NA
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor, the premier, and the opposition) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last general election held 9 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003)


election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 54%, UBP 44%, NLP 1%, independents 1%; seats by party - PLP 26, UBP 14
-
Life expectancy at birth total population: 77.3 years


male: 75.21 years


female: 79.27 years (2002 est.)
total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 98%


male: 98%


female: 99% (1970 est.)
NA
Location North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US) Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Map references North America Arctic Region
Maritime claims exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
territorial sea: 4 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia
Merchant marine total: 102 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,485,450 GRT/8,782,869 DWT


ships by type: bulk 28, cargo 4, container 16, liquefied gas 6, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 16, roll on/roll off 9, short-sea passenger 3


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Croatia 5, Denmark 2, Germany 1, Greece 1, Hong Kong 9, Indonesia 1, Norway 2, Sweden 11, United Kingdom 52, United States 13 (2002 est.)
-
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $4,027,970 (January 2002) $5.501 billion
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.11% (FY00/01) -
National holiday Bermuda Day, 24 May -
Nationality noun: Bermudian(s)


adjective: Bermudian
-
Natural hazards hurricanes (June to November) ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Natural resources limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish
Net migration rate 2.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Chairman Wayne FURBERT] -
Political pressure groups and leaders Bermuda Employer's Union [Eddie SAINTS]; Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [leader NA]; Bermuda Union of Teachers [Michael CHARLES] -
Population 63,960 (July 2002 est.) 2,701 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 0.69% (2002 est.) -0.02% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Hamilton, Saint George's, Dockyard -
Radio broadcast stations AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 82,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19% -
Sex ratio at birth: 0.94 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
NA
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: modern, fully automatic telephone system


international: 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: probably adequate


domestic: local telephone service


international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Telephones - main lines in use 52,000 (1997) NA
Telephones - mobile cellular 7,980 (1996) NA
Television broadcast stations 3 (1997) NA
Terrain low hills separated by fertile depressions wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Total fertility rate 1.81 children born/woman (2002 est.) NA
Unemployment rate 4.5% (1993) -
Waterways none -
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