Compare Bermuda (2002) - Reunion (2002)

Compare Bermuda (2002) z Reunion (2002)

	Bermuda (2002)	Reunion (2002)

Administrative divisions	9 parishes and 2 municipalities; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick*	none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons
Age structure	0-14 years: 19.2% (male 6,058; female 6,225) 15-64 years: 69.4% (male 21,950; female 22,442) 65 years and over: 11.4% (male 3,163; female 4,122) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 31.7% (male 120,864; female 115,251) 15-64 years: 62.5% (male 228,864; female 235,991) 65 years and over: 5.8% (male 17,459; female 25,552) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products	sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn
Airports	1 (2002)	2 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 53.3 sq km land: 53.3 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 2,517 sq km land: 2,507 sq km water: 10 sq km
Area - comparative	about one-third the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Background	Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995.	The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route.
Birth rate	11.82 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	20.7 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $609.5 million expenditures: $574.6 million, including capital expenditures of $54.8 million (FY00/01)	revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital	Hamilton	Saint-Denis
Climate	subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter	tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April
Coastline	103 km	207 km
Constitution	8 June 1968, amended 1989	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bermuda former: Somers Islands	conventional long form: Department of Reunion conventional short form: Reunion local long form: none local short form: Ile de la Reunion former: Bourbon Island
Currency	Bermudian dollar (BMD)	euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)
Death rate	7.49 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	5.51 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$145 million (FY99/00)	$NA
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK	overseas department of France
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Consul General Denis Patrick COLEMAN, Jr. consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DVQ3 mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300 telephone: [1] (441) 295-1342 FAX: [1] (441) 295-1592, [1] (441) 296-9233	none (overseas department of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (overseas department of France)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	$NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France
Economy - overview	Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, with its economy primarily based on providing financial services for international business and luxury facilities for tourists. The effects of 11 September 2001 have had both positive and negative ramifications for Bermuda. On the positive side, a number of new reinsurance companies have located on the island, contributing to the expansion of an already robust international business sector. On the negative side, Bermuda's already weakening tourism industry - which derives over 80% of its visitors from the US - has been further hit as American tourists have chosen not to travel. Most capital equipment and food must be imported, with the US serving as the primary source of goods, followed by the UK. Bermuda's industrial sector is small, although construction continues to be important. Agriculture is limited, only 6% of the land being arable.	The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to more than 40% of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France.
Electricity - consumption	553.35 million kWh (2000)	1.014 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	595 million kWh (2000)	1.09 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 55% hydro: 45% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Town Hill 76 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Piton des Neiges 3,069 m
Environment - current issues	asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space; sustainable development	NA
Ethnic groups	black 58%, white 36%, other 6%	French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian
Exchange rates	Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)	euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir John VEREKER (since NA April 2002) head of government: Premier Jennifer SMITH (since 10 November 1998) cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed premier by the governor	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Gonthier FRIEDERICI (since NA) head of government: President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils
Exports	$51 million (2000)	$214 million f.o.b. (1997)
Exports - commodities	reexports of pharmaceuticals	sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993)
Exports - partners	EU excluding UK 77.9%, US 9.8%, UK 6.9% (1999)	France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (1994)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	calendar year
Flag description	red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag	the flag of France is used
GDP	purchasing power parity - $2.2 billion (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $3.4 billion (1998 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 1% industry: 10% services: 89% (1995 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $34,800 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $4,800 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	2.9% (2001 est.)	3.8% (1998 est.)
Geographic coordinates	32 20 N, 64 45 W	21 06 S, 55 36 E
Geography - note	consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land, reclaimed and otherwise, was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995	this mountainous, volcanic island has an active volcano, Piton de la Fournaise; there is a tropical cyclone center at Saint-Denis, which is the monitoring station for the whole of the Indian Ocean
Highways	total: 450 km paved: 450 km unpaved: 0 km note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)	total: 2,724 km paved: 1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road) unpaved: 1,424 km note: 370 km of road are maintained by national authorities, 754 km by departmental authorities and 1,600 km by local authorities (1994)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$719 million (2000)	$2.5 billion c.i.f. (1997)
Imports - commodities	machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals	manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products
Imports - partners	EU excluding UK 35.4%, US 17.8%, UK 15.4%, Russia 14.6% (1999)	France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (1994)
Independence	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (overseas department of France)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	tourism, international business, light manufacturing	sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction
Infant mortality rate	9.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	8.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3% (July 2001)	NA%
International organization participation	Caricom (observer), CCC, ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC	FZ, InOC, WFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	20 (2000)	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	120 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts	Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel
Labor force	37,472 (2000)	261,000 (1995) (1995)
Labor force - by occupation	clerical 22%, services 20%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 13%, sales 8%, agriculture and fishing 3% (2000 est.)	agriculture 8%, industry 19%, services 73% (1990) (1990)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (1998 est.)	arable land: 13.2% permanent crops: 2% other: 84.8% (1998 est.)
Languages	English (official), Portuguese	French (official), Creole widely used
Legal system	English law	French law
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor, the premier, and the opposition) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last general election held 9 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 54%, UBP 44%, NLP 1%, independents 1%; seats by party - PLP 26, UBP 14	unicameral General Council (49 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: General Council - last held 15 and 22 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - various right-wing candidates 13, PCR 10, PS 10, UDF 8, RPR 6, other left-wing candidates 2; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 19, UDF 9, RPR 8, various right-wing candidates 4, various left-wing candidates 5 note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held NA 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1, UMP 1, PCR 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 77.3 years male: 75.21 years female: 79.27 years (2002 est.)	total population: 73.18 years male: 69.78 years female: 76.74 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 98% female: 99% (1970 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79% male: 76% female: 80% (1982 est.)
Location	North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US)	Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references	North America	World
Maritime claims	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 102 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,485,450 GRT/8,782,869 DWT ships by type: bulk 28, cargo 4, container 16, liquefied gas 6, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 16, roll on/roll off 9, short-sea passenger 3 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Croatia 5, Denmark 2, Germany 1, Greece 1, Hong Kong 9, Indonesia 1, Norway 2, Sweden 11, United Kingdom 52, United States 13 (2002 est.)	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT ships by type: chemical tanker 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: France 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary	no regular indigenous military forces; French forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$4,027,970 (January 2002)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.11% (FY00/01)	-
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 194,485 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 99,251 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 6,243 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Bermuda Day, 24 May	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality	noun: Bermudian(s) adjective: Bermudian	noun: Reunionese (singular and plural) adjective: Reunionese
Natural hazards	hurricanes (June to November)	periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano
Natural resources	limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism	fish, arable land, hydropower
Net migration rate	2.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Chairman Wayne FURBERT]	Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Bermuda Employer's Union [Eddie SAINTS]; Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [leader NA]; Bermuda Union of Teachers [Michael CHARLES]	NA
Population	63,960 (July 2002 est.)	743,981 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.69% (2002 est.)	1.52% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Hamilton, Saint George's, Dockyard	Le Port, Pointe des Galets
Radio broadcast stations	AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (2001)
Radios	82,000 (1997)	173,000 (1997)
Railways	0 km	0 km
Religions	non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19%	Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995)
Sex ratio	at birth: 0.94 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: modern, fully automatic telephone system international: 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis domestic: modern open wire and microwave radio relay network international: radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	52,000 (1997)	268,500 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular	7,980 (1996)	197,000 (September 2000)
Television broadcast stations	3 (1997)	35 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (2001)
Terrain	low hills separated by fertile depressions	mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
Total fertility rate	1.81 children born/woman (2002 est.)	2.55 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	4.5% (1993)	42.8% (1998) (1998)
Waterways	none	none

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