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Compare Bermuda (2001) - Tajikistan (2002)
Compare Bermuda (2001) z Tajikistan (2002)
| Bermuda (2001) | Tajikistan (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint Georges, Sandys, Smiths, Southampton, Warwick | 2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor); Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon* (Khorugh), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Viloyati Sughd (Khujand)
note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
19.4% (male 6,091; female 6,230) 15-64 years: 69.43% (male 21,783; female 22,309) 65 years and over: 11.17% (male 3,073; female 4,017) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: 40.4% (male 1,370,314; female 1,346,465)
15-64 years: 54.9% (male 1,835,573; female 1,854,677) 65 years and over: 4.7% (male 136,033; female 176,505) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products | cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats |
| Airports | 1 (2000 est.) | 53 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total: 51
over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 36 (2002) |
| Area | total:
58.8 sq km land: 58.8 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 143,100 sq km
land: 142,700 sq km water: 400 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC | slightly smaller than Wisconsin |
| Background | Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995. | Tajikistan has experienced three changes in government and a five-year civil war since it gained independence in 1991 from the USSR. A peace agreement among rival factions was signed in 1997, and implemented in 2000. The central government's less than total control over some areas of the country has forced it to compromise and forge alliances among factions. Attention by the international community in the wake of the war in Afghanistan has brought increased economic development assistance, which could create jobs and increase stability in the long term. Tajikistan is in the early stages of seeking World Trade Organization membership and has joined NATO's Partnership for Peace. |
| Birth rate | 12.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 32.99 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$504.6 million expenditures: $537 million, including capital expenditures of $75 million (FY97/98) |
revenues: $146 million
expenditures: $196 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) (2000 est.) |
| Capital | Hamilton | Dushanbe |
| Climate | subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter | midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains |
| Coastline | 103 km | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Constitution | 8 June 1968, amended 1989 | 6 November 1994 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Bermuda former: Somers Islands |
conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan
conventional short form: Tajikistan local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston local short form: Tojikiston former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic |
| Currency | Bermudian dollar (BMD) | somoni |
| Death rate | 7.42 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 8.51 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA | $1.23 billion (2000 est.) |
| Dependency status | overseas territory of the UK | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Consul General Lawrence D. OWEN consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, Hamilton mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520-5300 telephone: [1] (441) 295-1342 FAX: [1] (441) 295-1592 |
chief of mission: Ambassador Franklin P. HUDDLE, Jr.
embassy: 10 Pavlova Street, Dushanbe, Tajikistan 734003; note - the embassy in Dushanbe is not yet fully operational; most business is still handled in Almaty at 531 Sayfullin Street, Almaty, Kazakhstan, telephone 7-3272-58-79-61, FAX 7-3272-58079-68 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [992] (372) 21-03-48, 21-03-50, 21-03-52, 24-15-60 FAX: [992] (372) 51-00-28, 21-03-62 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (overseas territory of the UK) | Tajikistan does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a permanent mission to the UN: address - 136 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, telephone - [1] (212) 472-7645, FAX - [1] (212) 628-0252; permanent representative to the UN is Khamrokhon ZARIPOV |
| Disputes - international | none | Uzbekistan has mined much of its undemarcated southern and eastern border with Tajikistan; border demarcation negotiations continuing with Kyrgyzstan in Isfara Valley area; Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan wrestle with sharing water resources and the resulting regional environmental degradation caused by the shrinking of the Aral Sea |
| Economic aid - recipient | $27.9 million (1995) | $60.7 million from US (2001) |
| Economy - overview | Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, having successfully exploited its location by providing financial services for international firms and luxury tourist facilities for 360,000 visitors annually. The tourist industry, which accounts for an estimated 28% of GDP, attracts 84% of its business from North America. The industrial sector is small, and agriculture is severely limited by a lack of suitable land. About 80% of food needs are imported. International business contributes over 60% of Bermuda's economic output; a failed independence vote in late 1995 can be partially attributed to Bermudian fears of scaring away foreign firms. Government economic priorities are the further strengthening of the tourist and international financial sectors. | Tajikistan has the lowest per capita GDP among the 15 former Soviet republics. Cotton is the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The civil war (1992-97) severely damaged the already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Even though 80% of its people continue to live in abject poverty, Tajikistan has experienced strong economic growth since 1997. Continued privatization of medium and large state-owned enterprises will further increase productivity. Tajikistan's economic situation, however, remains fragile due to uneven implementation of structural reforms, weak governance, and the external debt burden. Servicing of the debt, owed principally to Russia and Uzbekistan, could require as much as 50% of government revenues in 2002, thus limiting the nation's ability to meet pressing development needs. |
| Electricity - consumption | 511.5 million kWh (1999) | 12.539 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 3.909 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 3.2 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | 550 million kWh (1999) | 14.245 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel: 2%
hydro: 98% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Town Hill 76 m |
lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m
highest point: Qullai Ismoili Somoni 7,495 m |
| Environment - current issues | asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space | inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | black 58%, white 36%, other 6% | Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6% |
| Exchange rates | Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar) | Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 2.55 (January 2002), 2.2 (January 2001), 1550 (January 2000), 998 (January 1999), 350 (January 1997), 284 (January 1996)
note: the new unit of exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000, with one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Thorold MASEFIELD (since NA June 1997) head of government: Premier Jennifer SMITH (since 10 November 1998) cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; governor invites leader of largest party in Parliament to form a government as premier |
chief of state: President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992)
head of government: Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20 January 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 6 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Emomali RAHMONOV elected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMONOV 97%, Davlat USMON 2% |
| Exports | $56 million (2000 est.) | $640 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | reexports of pharmaceuticals | aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles |
| Exports - partners | UK 29.5%, US 9.8% (1997) | Europe 43%, Russia 30%, Uzbekistan 13% (2000) |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | calendar year |
| Flag description | red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag | three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $2.1 billion (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $7.5 billion (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
1% industry: 10% services: 89% (1995 est.) |
agriculture: 19%
industry: 25% services: 56% (2000) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $33,000 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $1,140 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 1.5% (2000 est.) | 8.3% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 32 20 N, 64 45 W | 39 00 N, 71 00 E |
| Geography - note | consists of about 360 small coral islands with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land, reclaimed and otherwise, was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995 | landlocked; mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR |
| Highways | total:
225 km paved: 225 km unpaved: 0 km note: in addition, there are 232 km of paved and unpaved roads that are privately owned (1997) |
total: 29,900 km
paved: 21,400 km (includes some all-weather gravel-surfaced roads) unpaved: 8,500 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | - | major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; Tajikistan seizes roughly 80 percent of all drugs captured in Central Asia and stands third world-wide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw opium) |
| Imports | $739 million (2000 est.) | $700 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals | electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs |
| Imports - partners | US 34%, UK 9%, Mexico 8% (1997) | Uzbekistan 27%, Russia 16%, Europe 12% (2000) |
| Independence | none (overseas territory of the UK) | 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | 10.3% (2000 est.) |
| Industries | tourism, finance, insurance, structural concrete products, paints, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, ship repairing | aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers |
| Infant mortality rate | 9.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | 114.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 2.7% (2000 est.) | 33% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | Caricom (observer), CCC, ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC | AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM, ITU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 20 (2000) | 4 (2002) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 7,200 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts | Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president) |
| Labor force | 35,296 (1997) | 3.187 million (2000) |
| Labor force - by occupation | clerical 23%, services 22%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 12%, sales 7%, agriculture and fishing 2% (1996) | agriculture 67%, industry 8%, services 25% (2000 est.) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total: 3,651 km
border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km |
| Land use | arable land:
6% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 94% (55% developed, 39% rural/open space) (1997 est.) |
arable land: 5.41%
permanent crops: 0.92% other: 93.67% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | English (official), Portuguese | Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business |
| Legal system | English law | based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts |
| Legislative branch | bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 54%, UBP 44%, NLP 1%, independents 1%; seats by party - PLP 26, UBP 14 |
bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milliy (33 seats; members are indirectly elected, 25 selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; all serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 27 February and 12 March 2000 for the Assembly of Representatives (next to be held NA 2005) and 23 March 2000 for the National Assembly (next to be held NA 2005) election results: Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 65%, Communist Party 20%, Islamic Rebirth Party 7.5%, other 7.5%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
77.12 years male: 75.04 years female: 79.06 years (2001 est.) |
total population: 64.28 years
male: 61.24 years female: 67.46 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 98% female: 99% (1970 est.) |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98% male: 99% female: 97% (1989 est.) |
| Location | North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US) | Central Asia, west of China |
| Map references | North America | Asia |
| Maritime claims | exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
none (landlocked) |
| Merchant marine | total:
105 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,836,538 GRT/9,728,045 DWT ships by type: bulk 27, cargo 4, container 15, liquefied gas 7, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 23, refrigerated cargo 16, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 3 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Canada 10, Hong Kong 10, Japan 1, Nigeria 4, Saudi Arabia 1, Sweden 3, Switzerland 2, UK 10, US 7 (2000 est.) |
- |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of the UK | - |
| Military branches | Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary | Army, Air Force and Air Defense Force, Presidential National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $NA | $35.4 million (FY01) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | NA% | 3.9% (FY01) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49: 1,646,278 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49: 1,349,505 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 18 years of age (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males: 72,056 (2002 est.) |
| National holiday | Bermuda Day, 24 May | Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991) |
| Nationality | noun:
Bermudian(s) adjective: Bermudian |
noun: Tajikistani(s)
adjective: Tajikistani |
| Natural hazards | hurricanes (June to November) | earthquakes and floods |
| Natural resources | limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism | hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold |
| Net migration rate | 2.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | -3.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Pipelines | - | natural gas 400 km (1992) |
| Political parties and leaders | National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Pamela GORDON] | Democratic Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV, chairman]; Islamic Revival Party [Said Abdullo NURI, chairman]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Social Democratic Party or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; Socialist Party or SPT [Sherali KENJAYEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [Betty CHRISTOPHER] | there are two unregistered political parties with 1,000 or more members: Progressive Party [Suton QUVVATOV]; Unity Party [Hikmatuko SAIDOV] |
| Population | 63,503 (July 2001 est.) | 6,719,567 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | 80% (2001 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 0.74% (2001 est.) | 2.12% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Hamilton, Saint George | none |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 8, FM 10, shortwave 2 (2002) |
| Radios | 82,000 (1997) | 1.291 million (1991) |
| Railways | 0 km | total: 482 km
broad gauge: 482 km 1.520-m gauge note: includes only lines in common carrier service; lines dedicated to particular industries are excluded (2001) |
| Religions | non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19% | Sunni Muslim 85%, Shi'a Muslim 5% |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
0.94 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
NA domestic: modern, fully automatic telephone system international: 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
general assessment: poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network
domestic: cable and microwave radio relay international: linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 52,000 (1997) | 363,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 7,980 (1996) | 2,500 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | 3 (1997) | 13 (2001) |
| Terrain | low hills separated by fertile depressions | Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest |
| Total fertility rate | 1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 4.23 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NEGL% (1995) | 20% (2001 est.) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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