Compare Bahrain (2002) - Bahrain (2003)

Compare Bahrain (2002) z Bahrain (2003)

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	Bahrain (2002)	Bahrain (2003)

Age structure	0-14 years: 29.2% (male 97,022; female 94,605) 15-64 years: 67.7% (male 261,919; female 182,727) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 10,230; female 9,894) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 28.8% (male 97,294; female 94,930) 15-64 years: 68% (male 266,351; female 187,473) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 10,807; female 10,383) (2003 est.)
Airports	4 (2001)	4 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 over 3,047 m: 2 (2002)	total: 3 over 3,047 m: 2 1524 to 2437 m: 1 (2002)
Background	Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Possessing minimal oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining, and has transformed itself into an international banking center. The new amir, installed in 1999, has pushed economic and political reforms, and has worked to improve relations with the Shi'a community. In February 2001, Bahraini voters approved a referendum on the National Action Charter - the centerpiece of the amir's political liberalization program. In February 2002, Amir HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa proclaimed himself king. In local elections held in May 2002, Bahraini women were allowed to vote and run for office for the first time.	Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Facing declining oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining and has transformed itself into an international banking center. The new amir, installed in 1999, has pushed economic and political reforms and has worked to improve relations with the Shi'a community. In February 2001, Bahraini voters approved a referendum on the National Action Charter - the centerpiece of the amir's political liberalization program. In February 2002, Amir HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa proclaimed himself king. In October 2002, Bahrainis elected members of the lower house of Bahrain's reconstituted bicameral legislature, the National Assembly.
Birth rate	19.53 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	19.02 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Death rate	3.95 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	3.99 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$2.8 billion (2000)	$3.7 billion (2002)
Economic aid - recipient	$48.4 million (1995) (1995)	$150 million; note - $50 million annually since 1992 from each of Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Kuwait (2002)
Economy - overview	In Bahrain, petroleum production and refining account for about 60% of export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrain is home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. Bahrain is dependent on Saudi Arabia for oil revenue granted as aid. A large share of exports consists of petroleum products made from refining imported crude. Construction proceeds on several major industrial projects. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic problems.	In Bahrain, petroleum production and refining account for about 60% of export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrain is home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. Bahrain is dependent on Saudi Arabia for oil granted as aid. A large share of exports consists of petroleum products made from refining imported crude. Construction proceeds on several major industrial projects. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic problems.
Electricity - consumption	5,361.45 million kWh (2000)	5.819 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	5.765 billion kWh (2000)	6.257 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Exchange rates	Bahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.3760 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)	Bahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.38 (2002), 0.38 (2001), 0.38 (2000), 0.38 (1999), 0.38 (1998)
Exports	$5.5 billion (2001)	NA (2001)
Exports - partners	India 8.4%, US 3.9%, Saudi Arabia 3.4%, Japan 2.8%, South Korea 2.1% (2000)	US 4.5%, India 3.2%, Saudi Arabia 2.1% (2002)
Flag description	red with a white serrated band (eight white points) on the hoist side	red with a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam
GDP	purchasing power parity - $8.4 billion (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $9.91 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $13,000 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $15,100 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4% (2001 est.)	2.9% (2002 est.)
Highways	total: 3,164 km paved: 2,433 km unpaved: 731 km note: a paved causeway links Bahrain and Saudi Arabia	total: 3,261 km paved: 2,531 km unpaved: 730 km (2000)
Imports	$4.5 billion (2001)	NA (2001)
Imports - partners	Saudi Arabia 28.7%, US 12.5%, UK 6.6%, France 6%, Japan 4% (2000)	Saudi Arabia 30.1%, US 11.7%, Japan 7.1%, Germany 6.5%, UK 5.6% (2002)
Infant mortality rate	19.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 18.59 deaths/1,000 live births male: 21.65 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.5% (2001 est.)	0.5% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Labor force	295,000 note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.) (1998 est.)	295,000 note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (1998 est.)
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament consists of Shura Council (40 members appointed by the King) and House of Deputies (40 members elected by restricted vote to serve four-year terms) elections: House of Deputies - last held 31 October 2002 (next election to be held NA 2006) election results: House of Deputies - percent of vote - NA%; seats by party - independents 21, Sunni Islamists 9, other 10 note: first elections since 7 December 1973; unicameral National Assembly dissolved 26 August 1975; National Action Charter created bicameral legislature on 23 December 2000; approved by referendum 14 February 2001; first legislative session of Parliament held on 25 December 2002	bicameral Parliament consists of Shura Council (40 members appointed by the King) and House of Deputies (40 members directly elected to serve four-year terms) elections: House of Deputies - last held 31 October 2002 (next election to be held NA 2006) election results: House of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - independents 21, Sunni Islamists 9, other 10 note: first elections since 7 December 1973; unicameral National Assembly dissolved 26 August 1975; National Action Charter created bicameral legislature on 23 December 2000; approved by referendum 14 February 2001; first legislative session of Parliament held on 25 December 2002
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 73.47 years male: 71.05 years female: 75.96 years (2002 est.)	total population: 73.72 years male: 71.28 years female: 76.24 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.5% male: 91.6% female: 84.2% (2002 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 89.1% male: 91.9% female: 85% (2003 est.)
Merchant marine	total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 270,784 GRT/384,561 DWT ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 4, container 2, includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Kuwait 1 (2002 est.)	total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 234,599 GRT/336,528 DWT ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 1, container 2, petroleum tanker 1, includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Kuwait 1 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 222,572 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 222,242 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 121,955 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 121,739 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age	15 years of age (2002 est.)	15 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 5,926 (2002 est.)	males: 6,126 (2003 est.)
Net migration rate	1.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	1.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines	crude oil 56 km; petroleum products 16 km; natural gas 32 km	gas 20 km; oil 53 km (2003)
Political parties and leaders	political parties prohibited but politically oriented nongovernment organizations are allowed	political parties prohibited but politically oriented societies are allowed
Population	656,397 note: includes 228,424 non-nationals (July 2002 est.)	667,238 note: includes 235,108 non-nationals (July 2003 est.)
Population growth rate	1.67% (2002 est.)	1.61% (2003 est.)
Radios	338,000 (1997)	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.43 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female total population: 1.29 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.42 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.04 male(s)/female total population: 1.28 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Total fertility rate	2.75 children born/woman (2002 est.)	2.71 children born/woman (2003 est.)

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