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Compare Bahrain (2001) - Aruba (2001)
Compare Bahrain (2001) z Aruba (2001)
| Bahrain (2001) | Aruba (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 12 municipalities (manatiq, singular - mintaqah); Al Hadd, Al Manamah, Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah, Al Muharraq, Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Jidd Hafs, Madinat Hamad, Madinat 'Isa, Juzur Hawar, Sitrah
note: all municipalities administered from Manama |
none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
29.6% (male 96,697; female 94,330) 15-64 years: 67.43% (male 257,360; female 177,839) 65 years and over: 2.97% (male 9,721; female 9,414) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years:
21.29% (male 7,709; female 7,193) 15-64 years: 68.52% (male 23,111; female 24,859) 65 years and over: 10.19% (male 2,954; female 4,181) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish | aloes; livestock; fish |
| Airports | 3 (2000 est.) | 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
2 over 3,047 m: 2 (2000 est.) |
total:
1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
- |
| Area | total:
620 sq km land: 620 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
193 sq km land: 193 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC | slightly larger than Washington, DC |
| Background | Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Possessing minimal oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining, and has transformed itself into an international banking center. The new amir is pushing economic and political reforms, and has worked to improve relations with the Shi'a community. In 2001, the International Court of Justice awarded the Hawar Islands, long disputed with Qatar, to Bahrain. | Discovered and claimed for Spain in 1499, Aruba was acquired by the Dutch in 1636. The island's economy has been dominated by three main industries. A 19th century gold rush was followed by prosperity brought on by the opening in 1924 of an oil refinery. The last decades of the 20th century saw a boom in the tourism industry. Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986 and became a separate, autonomous member of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Movement toward full independence was halted at Aruba's request in 1990. |
| Birth rate | 20.07 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 12.64 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$1.8 billion expenditures: $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.) |
revenues:
$NA expenditures: $541 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
| Capital | Manama | Oranjestad |
| Climate | arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers | tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation |
| Coastline | 161 km | 68.5 km |
| Constitution | adopted late December 2000 (new constitution calls for a partially elected legislature, a constitutional monarchy, and an independent judiciary) | 1 January 1986 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
State of Bahrain conventional short form: Bahrain local long form: Dawlat al Bahrayn local short form: Al Bahrayn former: Dilmun |
conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Aruba |
| Currency | Bahraini dinar (BHD) | Aruban guilder/florin (AWG) |
| Death rate | 3.92 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 6.21 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $2.7 billion (2000) | $285 million (1996) |
| Dependency status | - | part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs obtained in 1986 upon separation from the Netherlands Antilles; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Johnny YOUNG embassy: #979, Road 3119 (next to Al-Ahli Sports Club), Block 321, Zinj District, Manama mailing address: American Embassy Manama, PSC 451, FPO AE 09834-5100; international mail: American Embassy, Box 26431, Manama telephone: [973] 273-300 FAX: [973] 272-594 |
chief of mission:
Consul General Barbara J. STEPHENSON embassy: J. B. Gorsiraweg #1, Curacao mailing address: P. O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao telephone: [599] (9) 461-3066 FAX: [599] (9) 461-6489 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant) chancery: 3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 342-0741 FAX: [1] (202) 362-2192 consulate(s) general: New York |
none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
| Disputes - international | in March of 2001, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) awarded the Hawar Islands to Bahrain and also adjusted Bahrain's maritime boundary with Qatar | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $48.4 million (1995) | $26 million (1995); note - the Netherlands provided a $127 million aid package to Aruba and Suriname in 1996 |
| Economy - overview | In Bahrain, petroleum production and refining account for about 60% of export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrain is home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. Bahrain is dependent on Saudi Arabia for oil revenue granted as aid. A large share of exports consists of petroleum products made from imported crude. Construction proceeds on several major industrial projects. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of both oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic problems. | Tourism is the mainstay of the Aruban economy, although offshore banking and oil refining and storage are also important. The rapid growth of the tourism sector over the last decade has resulted in a substantial expansion of other activities. Construction has boomed, with hotel capacity five times the 1985 level. In addition, the reopening of the country's oil refinery in 1993, a major source of employment and foreign exchange earnings, has further spurred growth. Aruba's small labor force and less than 1% unemployment rate have led to a large number of unfilled job vacancies, despite sharp rises in wage rates in recent years. |
| Electricity - consumption | 5.752 billion kWh (1999) | 418.5 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | 6.185 billion kWh (1999) | 450 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m |
lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Jamanota 188 m |
| Environment - current issues | desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; no natural fresh water resources so that groundwater and sea water are the only sources for all water needs | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
- |
| Ethnic groups | Bahraini 63%, Asian 19%, other Arab 10%, Iranian 8% | mixed white/Caribbean Amerindian 80% |
| Exchange rates | Bahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.3760 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar) | Aruban guilders/florins per US dollar - 1.7900 (fixed rate since 1986) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Amir HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969) head of government: Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al Khalifa (since NA 1971) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch |
chief of state:
Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Olindo KOOLMAN (since 1 January 1992) head of government: Prime Minister Jan (Henny) H. EMAN (since 29 July 1994) and Deputy Prime Minister Lili BEKE-MARTINEZ cabinet: Council of Ministers (elected by the Staten) elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed for a six-year term by the monarch; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by the Staten for four-year terms; election last held 12 July 1997 (next to be held by December 2001) election results: Jan (Henny) H. EMAN elected prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Lili BEKE-MARTINEZ elected deputy prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA% |
| Exports | $5.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000) | $2.2 billion (including oil reexports) (2000 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | petroleum and petroleum products 61%, aluminum 7% | live animals and animal products, art and collectibles, machinery and electrical equipment, transport equipment |
| Exports - partners | India 14%, Saudi Arabia 5%, US 5%, UAE 5%, Japan 4%, South Korea 4% (1999) | US 42%, Colombia 20%, Netherlands 12% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | red with a white serrated band (eight white points) on the hoist side | blue, with two narrow, horizontal, yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $10.1 billion (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $2 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
1% industry: 46% services: 53% (1996 est.) |
agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $15,900 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $28,000 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 5% (2000 est.) | 3.5% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 26 00 N, 50 33 E | 12 30 N, 69 58 W |
| Geography - note | close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf which much of Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean | - |
| Heliports | 1 (2000 est.) | - |
| Highways | total:
3,164 km paved: 2,433 km unpaved: 731 km note: there is a paved causeway connecting Bahrain to Saudi Arabia (1997) |
total:
800 km paved: 513 km unpaved: 287 km note: most coastal roads are paved, while unpaved roads serve large tracts of the interior (1995) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | - | drug-money-laundering center and transit point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe |
| Imports | $4.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000) | $2.5 billion (2000 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | nonoil 59%, crude oil 41% | machinery and electrical equipment, crude oil for refining and reexport, chemicals; foodstuffs |
| Imports - partners | France 20%, US 14%, UK 8%, Saudi Arabia 7%, Japan 5% (1999) | US 63%, Netherlands 11%, Netherlands Antilles 3%, Japan (1999) |
| Independence | 15 August 1971 (from UK) | none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 2% (2000 est.) | NA% |
| Industries | petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, offshore banking, ship repairing; tourism | tourism, transshipment facilities, oil refining |
| Infant mortality rate | 19.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | 6.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 2% (2000 est.) | 4.2% (2000 est.) |
| International organization participation | ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO | Caricom (observer), ECLAC (associate), Interpol, IOC, UNESCO (associate), WCL, WToO (associate) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | NA |
| Irrigated land | 10 sq km (1993 est.) | 0.01 sq km |
| Judicial branch | High Civil Appeals Court | Joint High Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the monarch) |
| Labor force | 295,000 (1998 est.)
note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.) |
41,501 (1997 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | industry, commerce, and service 79%, government 20%, agriculture 1% (1997 est.) | most employment is in wholesale and retail trade and repair, followed by hotels and restaurants; oil refining |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
1% permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 6% forests and woodland: 0% other: 92% (1993 est.) |
arable land:
7% (including aloe 0.01%) permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 93% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu | Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish |
| Legal system | based on Islamic law and English common law | based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence |
| Legislative branch | unicameral National Assembly was dissolved 26 August 1975 and legislative powers were assumed by the Cabinet; appointed Advisory Council established 16 December 1992; the National Action Charter created a bicameral legislature on 23 December 2000; approved by referendum of 14 February 2001 | unicameral Legislature or Staten (21 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 12 December 1997 (next to be held by NA December 2001) election results: percent of vote by party - AVP 43%, MEP 39%, OLA 9% PPA 4%, ADN 2%, PARA 1%, MAS 0.5%; seats by party - AVP 10, MEP 9, OLA 2 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
73.2 years male: 70.81 years female: 75.67 years (2001 est.) |
total population:
78.52 years male: 75.16 years female: 82.04 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 85.2% male: 89.1% female: 79.4% (1995 est.) |
definition:
NA total population: 97% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia | Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela |
| Map references | Middle East | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone:
24 NM continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined territorial sea: 12 NM |
territorial sea:
12 NM |
| Merchant marine | total:
7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 175,609 GRT/207,652 DWT ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 3, container 2 (2000 est.) |
total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,120 GRT/3,635 DWT ships by type: cargo 1 (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands |
| Military branches | Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, Police Force | Royal Dutch Navy and Marines, Coast Guard |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $318 million (FY99) | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 5.2% (FY99) | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
222,141 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
121,833 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - military age | 15 years of age | - |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | males:
5,926 (2001 est.) |
- |
| National holiday | National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 is the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 is the date of independence from British protection | Flag Day, 18 March |
| Nationality | noun:
Bahraini(s) adjective: Bahraini |
noun:
Aruban(s) adjective: Aruban; Dutch |
| Natural hazards | periodic droughts; dust storms | lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt |
| Natural resources | oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls | NEGL; white sandy beaches |
| Net migration rate | 1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | NEGL |
| Pipelines | crude oil 56 km; petroleum products 16 km; natural gas 32 km | - |
| Political parties and leaders | political parties prohibited | Aruba Solidarity Movement or MAS [leader NA]; Aruban Democratic Party or PDA [Leo BERLINSKI]; Aruban Liberal Party or OLA [Glenbert CROES]; Aruban Patriotic Party or PPA [Benny NISBET]; Aruban People's Party or AVP [Tico CROES]; Electoral Movement Party or MEP [Nelson ODUBER]; For a Restructured Aruba Now or PARA [leader NA]; National Democratic Action or ADN [Pedro Charro KELLY] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Shi'a activists fomented unrest sporadically 1994-97, demanding the return of an elected National Assembly and an end to unemployment; several small, clandestine leftist and Islamic fundamentalist groups are active | NA |
| Population | 645,361
note: includes 228,424 non-nationals (July 2001 est.) |
70,007 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 1.73% (2001 est.) | 0.64% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Manama, Mina' Salman, Sitrah | Barcadera, Oranjestad, Sint Nicolaas |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 4, FM 6, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 338,000 (1997) | 50,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km |
| Religions | Shi'a Muslim 70%, Sunni Muslim 30% | Roman Catholic 82%, Protestant 8%, Hindu, Muslim, Confucian, Jewish |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.45 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female total population: 1.29 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | none | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
modern system domestic: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones international: tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; submarine cable to Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (1997) |
general assessment:
NA domestic: more than adequate international: 1 submarine cable to Sint Maarten (Netherlands Antilles); extensive interisland microwave radio relay links |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 152,000 (1997) | 33,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 58,543 (1997) | 3,402 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | 4 (1997) | 1 (1997) |
| Terrain | mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment | flat with a few hills; scant vegetation |
| Total fertility rate | 2.79 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 1.8 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 15% (1998 est.) | 0.6% (1999 est.) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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