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Compare Azerbaijan (2001) - Ethiopia (2001)

Compare Azerbaijan (2001) z Ethiopia (2001)

 Azerbaijan (2001)Ethiopia (2001)
 AzerbaijanEthiopia
Administrative divisions 59 rayons (rayonlar; rayon - singular), 11 cities* (saharlar; sahar - singular), 1 autonomous republic** (muxtar respublika); Abseron Rayonu, Agcabadi Rayonu, Agdam Rayonu, Agdas Rayonu, Agstafa Rayonu, Agsu Rayonu, Ali Bayramli Sahari*, Astara Rayonu, Baki Sahari*, Balakan Rayonu, Barda Rayonu, Beylaqan Rayonu, Bilasuvar Rayonu, Cabrayil Rayonu, Calilabad Rayonu, Daskasan Rayonu, Davaci Rayonu, Fuzuli Rayonu, Gadabay Rayonu, Ganca Sahari*, Goranboy Rayonu, Goycay Rayonu, Haciqabul Rayonu, Imisli Rayonu, Ismayilli Rayonu, Kalbacar Rayonu, Kurdamir Rayonu, Lacin Rayonu, Lankaran Rayonu, Lankaran Sahari*, Lerik Rayonu, Masalli Rayonu, Mingacevir Sahari*, Naftalan Sahari*, Naxcivan Muxtar Respublikasi**, Neftcala Rayonu, Oguz Rayonu, Qabala Rayonu, Qax Rayonu, Qazax Rayonu, Qobustan Rayonu, Quba Rayonu, Qubadli Rayonu, Qusar Rayonu, Saatli Rayonu, Sabirabad Rayonu, Saki Rayonu, Saki Sahari*, Salyan Rayonu, Samaxi Rayonu, Samkir Rayonu, Samux Rayonu, Siyazan Rayonu, Sumqayit Sahari*, Susa Rayonu, Susa Sahari*, Tartar Rayonu, Tovuz Rayonu, Ucar Rayonu, Xacmaz Rayonu, Xankandi Sahari*, Xanlar Rayonu, Xizi Rayonu, Xocali Rayonu, Xocavand Rayonu, Yardimli Rayonu, Yevlax Rayonu, Yevlax Sahari*, Zangilan Rayonu, Zaqatala Rayonu, Zardab Rayonu 9 ethnically-based states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 self-governing administrations* (astedaderoch, singular - astedader): Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa); Afar; Amara, Binshangul Gumuz; Dire Dawa*; Gambela Hizboch; Hareri Hizb; Oromiya; Sumale; Tigray; YeDebub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region)
Age structure 0-14 years:
28.95% (male 1,146,315; female 1,103,393)

15-64 years:
63.93% (male 2,415,678; female 2,552,759)

65 years and over:
7.12% (male 219,549; female 333,398) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
47.18% (male 15,647,675; female 15,442,348)

15-64 years:
50.03% (male 16,584,765; female 16,378,060)

65 years and over:
2.79% (male 834,825; female 1,004,201) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products cotton, grain, rice, grapes, fruit, vegetables, tea, tobacco; cattle, pigs, sheep, goats cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, sugarcane, potatoes, qat; hides, cattle, sheep, goats
Airports 52 (2000 est.) 86 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
9

2,438 to 3,047 m:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4 (2000 est.)
total:
12

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
43

1,524 to 2,437 m:
7

914 to 1,523 m:
8

under 914 m:
28 (2000 est.)
total:
74

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
7

1,524 to 2,437 m:
10

914 to 1,523 m:
35

under 914 m:
20 (2000 est.)
Area total:
86,600 sq km

land:
86,100 sq km

water:
500 sq km

note:
includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the region's autonomy was abolished by Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26 November 1991
total:
1,127,127 sq km

land:
1,119,683 sq km

water:
7,444 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Maine slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Background Azerbaijan - a nation of Turkic Muslims - has been an independent republic since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Despite a cease-fire, in place since 1994, Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its conflict with Armenia over the Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh enclave (largely Armenian populated). Azerbaijan has lost almost 20% of its territory and must support some 750,000 refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) as a result of the conflict. Corruption is ubiquitous and the promise of widespread wealth from Azerbaijan's undeveloped petroleum resources remains largely unfulfilled. Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule, one exception being the Italian occupation of 1936-41. In 1974 a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), in 1991. A constitution was adopted in 1994 and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A two and a half year border war with Eritrea that ended with a peace treaty on 12 December 2000 has strengthened the ruling coalition, but has hurt the nation's economy.
Birth rate 18.44 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 44.68 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$777 million

expenditures:
$995 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
revenues:
$1 billion

expenditures:
$1.48 billion, including capital expenditures of $415 million (FY96/97)
Capital Baku (Baki) Addis Ababa
Climate dry, semiarid steppe tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation
Coastline 0 km (landlocked); note - Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (800 km, est.) 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution adopted 12 November 1995 ratified December 1994; effective 22 August 1995
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Azerbaijan

conventional short form:
Azerbaijan

local long form:
Azarbaycan Respublikasi

local short form:
none

former:
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
conventional long form:
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

conventional short form:
Ethiopia

local long form:
Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik

local short form:
Ityop'iya

former:
Abyssinia, Italian East Africa

abbreviation:
FDRE
Currency Azerbaijani manat (AZM) birr (ETB)
Death rate 9.55 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 17.84 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $1 billion (2000) $10 billion (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Ross WILSON

embassy:
Azadliq Prospekt 83, Baku 370007

mailing address:
American Embassy Baku, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7050

telephone:
[9] (9412) 98-03-35, 36, 37

FAX:
[9] (9412) 90-66-71
chief of mission:
Ambassador Tibor P. NAGY, Jr.

embassy:
Entoto Street, Addis Ababa

mailing address:
P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa

telephone:
[251] (1) 550666

FAX:
[251] (1) 551328
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Hafiz Mir Jalal PASHAYEV

chancery:
(temporary) Suite 700, 927 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 or P. O. Box 28790, Washington, DC 20038-8790

telephone:
[1] (202) 842-0001

FAX:
[1] (202) 842-0004
chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant)

chancery:
3506 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 364-1200

FAX:
[1] (202) 686-9857
Disputes - international Armenia supports ethnic Armenians in the Nagorno-Karabakh region of Azerbaijan in the longstanding, separatist conflict against the Azerbaijani Government; Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined among Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan most of the southern half of the boundary with Somalia is a Provisional Administrative Line; as a result of the 12 December 2000 peace agreement ending a two year war with Eritrea, the UN will administer a 25-km wide temporary security zone within Eritrea until a joint boundary commission delimits and demarcates a final boundary; dispute over alignment of boundary with Eritrea led to armed conflict in 1998; a peace accord signed in December 2000 provides for UN-assisted arbitration and demarcation of the border
Economic aid - recipient ODA, $113 million (1996) $367 million (FY95/96)
Economy - overview Azerbaijan's most prominent products are oil, cotton, and natural gas. Azerbaijan's oil production declined through 1997 but has registered an increase every year since. Negotiation of 19 production-sharing arrangements (PSAs) with foreign firms, which have thus far committed $60 billion to oil field development, should generate the funds needed to spur future industrial development. Oil production under the first of these PSAs, with the Azerbaijan International Operating Company, began in November 1997. Azerbaijan shares all the formidable problems of the former Soviet republics in making the transition from a command to a market economy, but its considerable energy resources brighten its long-term prospects. Baku has only recently begun making progress on economic reform, and old economic ties and structures are slowly being replaced. An obstacle to economic progress, including stepped up foreign investment, is the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. Trade with Russia and the other former Soviet republics is declining in importance while trade is building up with Turkey, Iran, UAE, and the nations of Europe. Long-term prospects will depend on world oil prices, the location of new pipelines in the region, and Azerbaijan's ability to manage its oil wealth. Ethiopia's economy is based on agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, 90% of exports, and 80% of total employment. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent periods of drought and poor cultivation practices, and as many as 4.6 million people need food assistance annually. Coffee is critical to the Ethiopian economy, and Ethiopia earned $267 million in 1999 by exporting 105,000 metric tons. According to current estimates, coffee contributes 10% of Ethiopia's GDP. More than 15 million people (25% of the population) derive their livelihood from the coffee sector. Other exports include live animals, hides, gold, and qat. In December 1999, Ethiopia signed a $1.4 billion joint venture deal to develop a huge natural gas field in the Somali Regional State. The war with Eritrea forced the government to spend scarce resources on the military and to scale back ambitious development plans. Foreign investment has declined significantly. Government taxes imposed in late 1999 to raise money for the war depressed an already weak economy. The war forced the government to improve roads and other parts of the previously neglected infrastructure, but only certain regions of the nation benefited. Recovery from the war is mostly contingent on natural factors. A drought has continued into the end of 2000 and food relief is expected to be needed through mid-2001 at least. Ethiopia may receive Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief by the end of the year.
Electricity - consumption 15.432 billion kWh (1999) 1.511 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 600 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 800 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 16.378 billion kWh (1999) 1.625 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
86.46%

hydro:
13.54%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
3.08%

hydro:
96.92%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Caspian Sea -28 m

highest point:
Bazarduzu Dagi 4,485 m
lowest point:
Denakil Depression -125 m

highest point:
Ras Dejen 4,620 m
Environment - current issues local scientists consider the Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe air, water, and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of DDT as a pesticide and also from toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups Azeri 90%, Dagestani 3.2%, Russian 2.5%, Armenian 2%, other 2.3% (1998 est.)

note:
almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region
Oromo 40%, Amhara and Tigre 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1%
Exchange rates Azerbaijani manats per US dollar - 4,579 (1 February 2001), 4,342 (October 1999), 4,373 (1999), 3,869 (1998), 3,985.38 (1997), 4,301.26 (1996) birr per US dollar (end of period) - 8.3140 (December 2000), 8.3140 (2000), 8.1340 (1999), 7.5030 (1998), 6.8640 (1997), 6.4260 (1996)

note:
since May 1993, the birr market rate has been determined in an interbank market supported by weekly wholesale auction
Executive branch chief of state:
President Heydar ALIYEV (since 18 June 1993)

head of government:
Prime Minister Artur RASIZADE (since 26 November 1996)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly

elections:
president elected by popular vote to a five-year term; election last held 11 October 1998 (next to be held NA October 2003); prime minister and first deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly

election results:
Heydar ALIYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Heydar ALIYEV 77.6%, Etibar MAMEDOV 11.8%, Nizami SULEYMANOV 8.2%
chief of state:
President NEGASSO Gidada (since 22 August 1995)

head of government:
Prime Minister MELES Zenawi (since NA August 1995)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers as provided for in the December 1994 constitution; ministers are selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representatives

elections:
president elected by the House of People's Representatives for a six-year term; election last held NA June 1995 (next to be held NA May 2001); prime minister designated by the party in power following legislative elections

election results:
NEGASSO Gidada elected president; percent of vote by the House of People's Representatives - NA%
Exports $1.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $460 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities oil and gas 75%, machinery, cotton, foodstuffs coffee, gold, leather products, oilseeds, qat
Exports - partners Italy, Turkey, Russia, Georgia, Iran Germany 16%, Japan 13%, Djibouti 10%, Saudi Arabia 7% (1999 est.)
Fiscal year calendar year 8 July - 7 July
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in red band three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors
GDP purchasing power parity - $23.5 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $39.2 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
22%

industry:
33%

services:
45% (1999 est.)
agriculture:
45%

industry:
12%

services:
43% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,000 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $600 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 11.4% (2000 est.) 2% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 40 30 N, 47 30 E 8 00 N, 38 00 E
Geography - note landlocked landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993
Highways total:
24,981 km

paved:
23,057 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)

unpaved:
1,924 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1998)
total:
24,145 km

paved:
3,290 km

unpaved:
20,855 km (1998)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%:
3%

highest 10%:
33.7% (1995)
Illicit drugs limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; transshipment point for opiates via Iran, Central Asia, and Russia to Western Europe transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia
Imports $1.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $1.25 billion (f.o.b., 1999)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles
Imports - partners Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, Iran Saudi Arabia 28%, Italy 10%, Russia 7%, US 6% (1999 est.)
Independence 30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years
Industrial production growth rate 6.9% (2000 est.) NA%
Industries petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore, cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement
Infant mortality rate 83.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 99.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.8% (2000 est.) 5% (2000 est.)
International organization participation AsDB, BSEC, CCC, CE, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 10,000 sq km (1993 est.) 1,900 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council)
Labor force 2.9 million (1997) NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture and forestry 32%, industry 15%, services 53% (1997) agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, government and services 12%, industry and construction 8% (1985)
Land boundaries total:
2,013 km

border countries:
Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km, Armenia (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km
total:
5,311 km

border countries:
Djibouti 337 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 830 km, Somalia 1,626 km, Sudan 1,606 km
Land use arable land:
18%

permanent crops:
5%

permanent pastures:
25%

forests and woodland:
11%

other:
41% (1993 est.)
arable land:
12%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
40%

forests and woodland:
25%

other:
22% (1993 est.)
Languages Azerbaijani (Azeri) 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.) Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools)
Legal system based on civil law system currently transitional mix of national and regional courts
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Milli Mejlis (125 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 4 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2005)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NAP and allies 108, APF 6, CSP 3, PNIA 2, Musavat Party 2, CPA 2, APF "traditionalist" 1, Compatriot Party 1
bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Federation or upper chamber (108 seats; members are chosen by state assemblies to serve five-year terms) and the House of People's Representatives or lower chamber (548 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote from single-member districts to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 14 May 2000 (next to be held NA May 2005)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - OPDO 177, ANDM 134, TPLF 38, WGGPDO 27, EPRDF 19, SPDO 18, GNDM 15, KSPDO 10, ANDP 8, GPRDF 7, SOPDM 7, BGPDUF 6, BMPDO 5, KAT 4, other regional political groupings 22, independents 8; note - 43 seats unconfirmed

note:
irregularities and violence at a number of polling stations necessitated the rescheduling of voting in certain constituencies; voting postponed in Somali regional state because of severe drought
Life expectancy at birth total population:
62.96 years

male:
58.65 years

female:
67.49 years (2001 est.)
total population:
44.68 years

male:
43.88 years

female:
45.51 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
99%

female:
96% (1989 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
35.5%

male:
45.5%

female:
25.3% (1995 est.)
Location Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia Eastern Africa, west of Somalia
Map references Commonwealth of Independent States Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
56 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 253,882 GRT/313,252 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 1, cargo 12, petroleum tanker 40, roll on/roll off 2, short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)
total:
11 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 85,382 GRT/108,526 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 6, container 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 3 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Border Guards Ground Forces, Air Force, Police, Militia

note:
Ethiopia is landlocked and has no navy; following the independence of Eritrea, Ethiopian naval facilities remained in Eritrean possession and ships which belonged to the former Ethiopian Navy and based at Djibouti have been sold
Military expenditures - dollar figure $121 million (FY99) $138 million (FY98/99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.6% (FY99) 2.5% (FY98/99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,102,780 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
14,537,884 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,684,673 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
7,581,815 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
77,099 (2001 est.)
males:
703,625 (2001 est.)
National holiday Founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaidzhan, 28 May (1918) National Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991)
Nationality noun:
Azerbaijani(s)

adjective:
Azerbaijani
noun:
Ethiopian(s)

adjective:
Ethiopian
Natural hazards droughts; some lowland areas threatened by rising levels of the Caspian Sea geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, alumina small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower
Net migration rate -5.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note:
repatriation of Ethiopians who fled to Sudan for refuge from war and famine in earlier years is expected to continue for several years; small numbers of Sudanese and Somali refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries, continue to return to their homes
Pipelines crude oil 1,130 km; petroleum products 630 km; natural gas 1,240 km -
Political parties and leaders Alliance for Azerbaijan Party [Abutalyb SAMADOV]; Azerbaijani Democratic Party or ADP [Sardar JALAL]; Azerbaijani Independent Democratic Party or AMDP [Leyla YUNUSOVA]; Azerbaijan Popular Front or APF [Ali KERIMOV, leader of "reform faction"; Mirmahmud FATTAYEV, leader of "traditionalist" faction]; Civic Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLY]; Civic Union Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV]; Communist Party of Azerbaijan or CPA [Ramiz AHMADOV]; Communist Party of Azerbaijan or CPA-2 [Firudin HASANOV]; Compatriot Party [Mais SAFARLI]; Democratic Enlightenment Party [Mammadhanifu MUSAYEV]; Democratic Party for Azerbaijan or DPA [Ilyus ISMAILOV and Rasul QULIYEV, co-chairman]; Democratic World Party of Azerbaijan [Mamnad ALIZADE]; Liberal Party of Azerbaijan [Lala Shvkat HAJIYEVA]; Motherland Party [Fazail AGAMALI]; National Congress Party of Azerbaijan [Ihtiyar SHIRIN]; National Movement Party [Samir JAFAROV]; National Statehood Party [Sabir TARIVERDIYEV]; Musavat [Isa GAMBAR, chairman]; New Azerbaijan Party or NAP [Heydar ALIYEV, chairman]; Party for National Independence of Azerbaijan or PNIA [Etibar MAMMADOV, chairman]; People's Democratic Party of Azerbaijan or PDPA [Rafig TURABKHANOGLU]; Social Democratic Party of Azerbaijan or SDP [Zardusht ALIZADE, chairman]

note:
opposition parties regularly factionalize and form new parties
Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [leader NA]; All-Amhara People's Organization or AAPO [KEGNAZ MATCH Neguea Tibeb]; Amhara National Democratic Movement or ANDM [TEFERA Walwa]; Bench Madji People's Democratic Organization or BMPDO [leader NA]; Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF [leader NA]; Coalition of Alternative Forces for Peace and Democracy or CAFPD [Kifle TIGNEH Abate and BEYENE Petros]; Ethiopian Democratic Unity Party or EDUP [Lt. Gen. TESFAYE Gebre Kidan]; Ethiopian National Democratic Party or ENDP [FEKADU Gedamu]; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [MELES Zenawi] (an alliance of the ANDM, OPDO, and TPLF); Gedeyo People's Revolutionary Democratic Movement or GPRDF [leader NA]; Gurange Nationalities Democratic Movement or GNDM [leader NA]; Kafa Shaka People's Democratic Organization or KSPDO [leader NA]; Kembata, Alabaa, and Tembaro or KAT [leader NA]; Oromo Liberation Front or OLF [DAOUD Ibsa Gudina]; Oromo People's Democratic Organization or OPDO [KUMA Demeksa]; Sidama People's Democratic Organization or SPDO [leader NA]; South Omo People's Democratic Movement or SOPDM [leader NA]; Tigrai People's Liberation Front or TPLF [MELES Zenawi]; Walayta, Gamo, Gofa, Dawro, Konta People's Democratic Organization or WGGPDO [leader NA]; dozens of small parties
Political pressure groups and leaders Sadval, Lezgin movement; self-proclaimed Armenian Nagorno-Karabakh Republic; Talysh independence movement Southern Ethiopia People's Democratic Coalition; numerous small, ethnically based groups have formed since the defeat of the former MENGISTU regime in 1991, including several Islamic militant groups
Population 7,771,092 (July 2001 est.) 65,891,874

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 60% (2000 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 0.32% (2001 est.) 2.7% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Baku (Baki) none; Ethiopia is landlocked and was by agreement with Eritrea using the ports of Assab and Massawa; since the border dispute with Eritrea flared, Ethiopia has used the port of Djibouti for nearly all of its imports
Radio broadcast stations AM 10, FM 17, shortwave 1 (1998) AM 5, FM 0, shortwave 2 (1999)
Radios 175,000 (1997) 11.75 million (1997)
Railways total:
2,125 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines

broad gauge:
2,125 km 1.520-m gauge (1,278 km electrified) (1993)
total:
681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)

narrow gauge:
681 km 1.000-m gauge

note:
in April 1998, Djibouti and Ethiopia announced plans to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals; since May 1998 Ethiopia has expended considerable effort to repair and maintain the lines
Religions Muslim 93.4%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, other 1.8% (1995 est.)

note:
religious affiliation is still nominal in Azerbaijan; percentages for actual practicing adherents are much lower
Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, animist 12%, other 3%-8%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.66 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.83 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
inadequate; requires considerable expansion and modernization; teledensity of 8.6 main lines per 100 persons is very low

domestic:
the majority of telephones are in Baku and other industrial centers - about 700 villages still do not have public telephone service; satellite service connects Baku to a modern switch in its exclave of Naxcivan

international:
the old Soviet system of cable and microwave is still serviceable; a satellite connection to Turkey enables Baku to reach about 200 additional countries, some of which are directly connected to Baku by satellite providers other than Turkey (1997)
general assessment:
open wire and microwave radio relay system adequate for government use

domestic:
open wire; microwave radio relay; radio communication in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequencies; two domestic satellites provide the national trunk service

international:
open wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 663,000 (1997) 157,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 40,000 (1997) 4,000 (1999)
Television broadcast stations 2 (1997) 25 (1999)
Terrain large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland) (much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) in west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley
Total fertility rate 2.24 children born/woman (2001 est.) 7 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 20% (1999 est.) NA%
Waterways none none
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