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Compare Armenia (2002) - Palau (2002)

Compare Armenia (2002) z Palau (2002)

 Armenia (2002)Palau (2002)
 ArmeniaPalau
Administrative divisions 11 provinces (marzer, singular - marz); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan 16 states; Aimeliik, Airai, Angaur, Hatobohei, Kayangel, Koror, Melekeok, Ngaraard, Ngarchelong, Ngardmau, Ngatpang, Ngchesar, Ngeremlengui, Ngiwal, Peleliu, Sonsoral
Age structure 0-14 years: 22.2% (male 374,597; female 363,115)


15-64 years: 67.7% (male 1,104,100; female 1,150,282)


65 years and over: 10.1% (male 141,330; female 196,675) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 26.8% (male 2,678; female 2,522)


15-64 years: 68.6% (male 7,241; female 6,074)


65 years and over: 4.6% (male 426; female 468) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products fruit (especially grapes), vegetables; livestock coconuts, copra, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes
Airports 12 (2001) 3 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 5


over 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)
total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 7


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2002)
Area total: 29,800 sq km


land: 28,400 sq km


water: 1,400 sq km
total: 458 sq km


land: 458 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Maryland slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Armenia prides itself on being the first nation to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Despite periods of autonomy, over the centuries Armenia came under the sway of various empires including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, and Ottoman. It was incorporated into Russia in 1828 and the USSR in 1920. Armenian leaders remain preoccupied by the long conflict with Muslim Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated region, assigned to Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s by Moscow. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also a significant portion of Azerbaijan proper. The economies of both sides have been hurt by their inability to make substantial progress toward a peaceful resolution. After three decades as part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific under US administration, this westernmost cluster of the Caroline Islands opted for independence in 1978 rather than join the Federated States of Micronesia. A Compact of Free Association with the US was approved in 1986, but not ratified until 1993. It entered into force the following year when the islands gained independence.
Birth rate 12 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 19.32 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $358 million


expenditures: $458 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
revenues: $57.7 million


expenditures: $80.8 million, including capital expenditures of $17.1 million
Capital Yerevan Koror; note - a new capital is being built about 20 km northeast of Koror
Climate highland continental, hot summers, cold winters wet season May to November; hot and humid
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 1,519 km
Constitution adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995 1 January 1981
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Armenia


conventional short form: Armenia


local long form: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun


local short form: Hayastan


former: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic; Armenian Republic
conventional long form: Republic of Palau


conventional short form: Palau


local long form: Beluu er a Belau


local short form: Belau


former: Palau District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)
Currency dram (AMD) US dollar (USD)
Death rate 9.94 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 7.11 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $839 million (June 2001) $0 (FY99/00)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador John M. ORDWAY


embassy: 18 Baghramyan Ave., Yerevan 375019


mailing address: American Embassy Yerevan, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7020


telephone: [374](1) 521-611, 520-791, 542-177, 542-132, 524-661, 527-001, 524-840


FAX: [374](1) 520-800
chief of mission: the Ambassador to the Philippines is accredited to Palau; Charge d'Affaires Ronald A. HARMS


embassy: address NA, Koror


mailing address: P. O. Box 6028, Republic of Palau 96940


telephone: [680] 488-2920, 2990


FAX: [680] 488-2911
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Arman KIRAKOSIAN


chancery: 2225 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 319-1976


FAX: [1] (202) 319-2982


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles
chief of mission: Ambassador Hersey KYOTA


chancery: 1150 18th Street NW, Suite 750, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 452-6814


FAX: [1] (202) 452-6281


consulate(s): Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands)
Disputes - international Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh and militarily occupies 16% of Azerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; border with Turkey remains closed over Nagorno-Karabakh dispute; traditional demands regarding former Armenian lands in Turkey have subsided none
Economic aid - recipient $245.5 million (1995) (1995) $155.8 million (1995); note - the Compact of Free Association with the US, entered into after the end of the UN trusteeship on 1 October 1994, provides Palau with up to $700 million in US aid over 15 years in return for furnishing military facilities
Economy - overview Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy. Since the implosion of the USSR in December 1991, Armenia has switched to small-scale agriculture away from the large agroindustrial complexes of the Soviet era. The agricultural sector has long-term needs for more investment and updated technology. The privatization of industry has been at a slower pace, but has been given renewed emphasis by the current administration. Armenia is a food importer, and its mineral deposits (gold, bauxite) are small. The ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the ethnic Armenian-dominated region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the breakup of the centrally directed economic system of the former Soviet Union contributed to a severe economic decline in the early 1990s. By 1994, however, the Armenian Government had launched an ambitious IMF-sponsored economic program that has resulted in positive growth rates in 1995-2001. Armenia also managed to slash inflation and to privatize most small- and medium-sized enterprises. The chronic energy shortages Armenia suffered in recent years have been largely offset by the energy supplied by one of its nuclear power plants at Metsamor. Armenia's severe trade imbalance has been offset somewhat by international aid, domestic restructuring of the economy, and foreign direct investment. The economy consists primarily of tourism, subsistence agriculture and fishing. The government is the major employer of the work force, relying heavily on financial assistance from the US. Business and tourist arrivals numbered 50,000 in FY00/01. The population enjoys a per capita income twice that of the Philippines and much of Micronesia. Long-run prospects for the key tourist sector have been greatly bolstered by the expansion of air travel in the Pacific, the rising prosperity of leading East Asian countries, and the willingness of foreigners to finance infrastructure development.
Electricity - consumption 4.89 billion kWh (2000) -
Electricity - exports 704 million kWh


note: exports an unknown quantity to Georgia; includes exports to Nagorno-Karabakh region in Azerbaijan (2000)
-
Electricity - imports 300 million kWh


note: imports an unknown quantity from Iran (2000)
-
Electricity - production 5.69 billion kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 36%


hydro: 31%


nuclear: 32%


other: 0% (2000)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point: Debed River 400 m


highest point: Aragats Lerrnagagat' 4,090 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Ngerchelchuus 242 m
Environment - current issues soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; the energy crisis of the 1990s led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant in spite of its location in a seismically-active zone inadequate facilities for disposal of solid waste; threats to the marine ecosystem from sand and coral dredging, illegal fishing practices, and overfishing
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Armenian 93%, Azeri 1%, Russian 2%, other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 4% (2002)


note: as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from Armenia
Palauan (Micronesian with Malayan and Melanesian admixtures) 70%, Asian (mainly Filipinos, followed by Chinese, Taiwanese, and Vietnamese) 28%, white 2% (2000 est.)
Exchange rates drams per US dollar - 564.08 (January 2002), 555.08 (2001), 539.53 (2000), 535.06 (1999), 504.92 (1998), 490.85 (1997) the US dollar is used
Executive branch chief of state: President Robert KOCHARIAN (since 30 March 1998)


head of government: Prime Minister Andranik MARKARYAN (since 12 May 2000)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 19 February and 5 March 2003); prime minister appointed by the president; the prime minister and Council of Ministers must resign if the National Assembly refuses to accept their program


election results: Robert KOCHARIAN reelected president; percent of vote - Robert KOCHARIAN 67.5%, Stepan DEMIRCHYAN 32.5%
chief of state: President Tommy Esang REMENGESAU, Jr. (since 19 January 2001) and Vice President Sandra PIERANTOZZI (since 19 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Tommy Esang REMENGESAU, Jr. (since 19 January 2001) and Vice President Sandra PIERANTOZZI (since 19 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet


elections: president and vice president elected on separate tickets by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)


election results: Tommy Esang REMENGESAU, Jr. elected president; percent of vote - Tommy Esang REMENGESAU, Jr. 53%, Peter SUGIYAMA 46%; Sandra PIERANTOZZI elected vice president; percent of vote - Sandra PIERANTOZZI 52%, Alan SEID 45%
Exports $338.5 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) $11 million f.o.b. (1999)
Exports - commodities diamonds, scrap metal, machinery and equipment, brandy, copper ore shellfish, tuna, copra, garments
Exports - partners Belgium 23%, Russia 15%, US 13%, Iran 10% (2000) US, Japan, Singapore
Fiscal year calendar year 1 October - 30 September
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange light blue with a large yellow disk (representing the moon) shifted slightly to the hoist side
GDP purchasing power parity - $11.2 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $174 million


note: GDP numbers reflect US spending (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 29%


industry: 32%


services: 39% (2000 est.)
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,350 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $9,000 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 9.6% (2001 est.) 1% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 40 00 N, 45 00 E 7 30 N, 134 30 E
Geography - note landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range westernmost archipelago in the Caroline chain, consists of six island groups totaling more than 300 islands; includes World War II battleground of Beliliou (Peleliu) and world-famous rock islands
Highways total: 11,300 km


paved: 10,500 km (includes some all-weather gravel-surfaced roads)


unpaved: 800 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990)
total: 61 km


paved: 36 km


unpaved: 25 km
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2%


highest 10%: 35% (1996)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs illicit cultivation of small amount of cannabis for domestic consumption; used as a transit point for illicit drugs - mostly opium and hashish - moving from Southwest Asia to Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe -
Imports $868.6 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) $126 million f.o.b. (1999)
Imports - commodities natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, foodstuffs, diamonds machinery and equipment, fuels, metals; foodstuffs
Imports - partners Russia 15%, US 12%, Belgium 10%, Iran 9% (2000) US
Independence 21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) 1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 3.8% (2001) NA%
Industries metal-cutting machine tools, forging-pressing machines, electric motors, tires, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, gem cutting, jewelry manufacturing, software development, food processing, brandy tourism, craft items (from shell, wood, pearls), construction, garment making
Infant mortality rate 41.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 16.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.1% (2000 est.) 3.4% (2000 est.)
International organization participation BSEC, CCC, CE, CIS, COE, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IOC, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 9 (2001) 1 (2002)
Irrigated land 2,870 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Constitutional Court; Court of Cassation (Appeals Court) Supreme Court; National Court; Court of Common Pleas
Labor force 1.4 million (2001) 8,300 (1999)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 44%, services 14%, industry 42% (2000 est.) agriculture 20%, industry NA%, services NA% (1990)
Land boundaries total: 1,254 km


border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 17.52%


permanent crops: 2.3%


other: 80.18% (1998 est.)
arable land: 21.74%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 78.26% (1998 est.)
Languages Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2% English and Palauan official in all states except Sonsoral (Sonsorolese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official)
Legal system based on civil law system based on Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or Azgayin Zhoghov (131 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms; 75 members selected by direct vote, 56 by party list)


elections: last held 30 May 1999 (next to be held in the spring of 2003)


note: electoral law was changed in 2002 so ratio in next elections will be 75 deputies elected by party list, 56 by direct election


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Unity Bloc 61 (Republican Party 41, People's Party of Armenia 20), Stability Group (independent Armenian deputies who have formed a bloc) 21, ACP (Communists) 10, ARF (Dashnak) 8, Law and Unity Party 7, NDU 6, Law-Governed Party 6, independents 11, ANM 1; note - seats by party change frequently as deputies switch parties or announce themselves independent
bicameral Parliament or Olbiil Era Kelulau (OEK) consists of the Senate (9 seats; members elected by popular vote on a population basis to serve four-year terms) and the House of Delegates (16 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004); House of Delegates - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)


election results: Senate - percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9; House of Delegates - percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 16
Life expectancy at birth total population: 66.59 years


male: 62.27 years


female: 71.12 years (2002 est.)
total population: 69.19 years


male: 66.07 years


female: 72.5 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 98% (1989 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 92%


male: 93%


female: 90% (1980 est.)
Location Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey Oceania, group of islands in the North Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines
Map references Asia Oceania
Maritime claims none (landlocked) exclusive fishing zone: 12 NM


extended fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine - none (2002 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the US; under a Compact of Free Association between Palau and the US, the US military is granted access to the islands for 50 years
Military branches Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Border Guards NA
Military expenditures - dollar figure $135 million (FY01) $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 6.5% (FY01) NA%
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 912,650 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 722,035 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 34,998 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 21 September (1991) Constitution Day, 9 July (1979)
Nationality noun: Armenian(s)


adjective: Armenian
noun: Palauan(s)


adjective: Palauan
Natural hazards occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts typhoons (June to December)
Natural resources small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina forests, minerals (especially gold), marine products, deep-seabed minerals
Net migration rate -3.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) 3.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines natural gas 900 km (1991) -
Political parties and leaders Armenian National Movement or ANM [Ararat ZURABIAN, chairman]; Agro-Technical People's Group (formerly Stability Group) (parliamentary bloc); Armenian Communist Party or ACP [Vladimir DARBINYAN, First Secretary]; Armenia Democratic Party [Aram SARGSIAN]; Armenian Revolutionary Federation ("Dashnak" Party) or ARF [Armen RUSTAMIAN and Aghvan VARTANYAN]; Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Khosrev HARUTYUNIAN]; Constitutional Rights Union [Hrant KHACHATRYAN]; Democratic Liberal Party/Ramkvar Azatakyan or DL/RA [Ruben MIRZAKHANIAN]; Law-Governed Party [Artur BAGDASARIAN, chairman]; National Accord Front [Ashot MANUTCHARIAN]; National Accord Party [Artashes GEGAMIAN, chairman]; National Democratic Alliance [Arshak ZADOYAN]; National Democratic Party [Shavarsh KOCHARIAN]; National Democratic Union or NDU [Vazgen MANUKIAN]; People's Democratic Party [Gagik ASLANYAN]; People's Deputies Group [Hovhannes HOVHANISSIAN] (parliamentary bloc); People's Party of Armenia [Stepan DEMIRCHYAN]; Republic Party [Albert BAZEYAN, chairman]; Republican Party or RPA [Andranik MARKARYAN]; Shamiram Women's Movement or SWM [Shogher MATEVOSIAN]; Social Democratic (Hunchak) Party [George HAKOPIAN]; Social Democratic Union (formerly National Self-Determination Union) [Paruyr HAYRIKIAN]; Unity Bloc [Stepan DEMIRCHIAN and Andranik MARKARYAN] (a coalition of the Republican Party and People's Party of Armenia) none
Political pressure groups and leaders Yerkrapah Union [Manvel GRIGORIAN] NA
Population 3,330,099


note: Armenia's first census since independence was conducted in October 2001, but official figures have not yet been released (July 2002 est.)
19,409 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 55% (2001 est.) NA%
Population growth rate -0.15% (2002 est.) 1.61% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors none Koror
Radio broadcast stations AM 9, FM 6, shortwave 1 (1998) AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2002)
Radios 850,000 (1997) 12,000 (1997)
Railways total: 852 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines


broad gauge: 852 km 1.520-m gauge (779 km electrified) (2001 est.)
0 km
Religions Armenian Apostolic 94%, other Christian 4%, Yezidi (Zoroastrian/animist) 2% Christian (Roman Catholics 49%, Seventh-Day Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Assembly of God, the Liebenzell Mission, and Latter-Day Saints), Modekngei religion (one-third of the population observes this religion which is indigenous to Palau)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.19 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female


total population: 1.14 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: system inadequate; now 90% privately owned and undergoing modernization and expansion


domestic: the majority of subscribers and the most modern equipment are in Yerevan (this includes paging and mobile cellular service)


international: Yerevan is connected to the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic cable through Iran; additional international service is available by microwave radio relay and landline connections to the other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States and through the Moscow international switch and by satellite to the rest of the world; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (2000)
general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 600,000 (2002) 6,700 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 50,000 (2002) 1,000 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 3 (plus an unknown number of repeaters) (1998) 1 (1997)
Terrain Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley varying geologically from the high, mountainous main island of Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by large barrier reefs
Total fertility rate 1.53 children born/woman (2002 est.) 2.47 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 20%


note: official rate is 10.9% for 2000 (2001 est.)
2.3% (2000 est.)
Waterways NA km none
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