Gwatemala (2006)
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Gwatemala 2006 roku
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Gwatemala 2006 roku
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| Podzial administracyjny | 22 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Gwatemala, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 41.1% (male 2,573,359/female 2,479,098)
15-64 years: 55.5% (male 3,353,630/female 3,468,184) 65 years and over: 3.4% (male 194,784/female 224,490) (2006 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | sugarcane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans, cardamom; cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens |
| Lotniska | 450 (2006) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 11
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2006) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 439
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 111 under 914 m: 319 (2006) |
| Terytorium | total: 108,890 sq km
land: 108,430 sq km water: 460 sq km |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly smaller than Tennessee |
| Tlo historyczne | The maja civilization flourished w Gwatemala and surrounding regions during the first millennium A.D. After almost three centuries as a Spanish colony, Gwatemala won its independence w 1821. During the second half of the 20th century, it experienced a variety of military and civilian governments, as well as a 36-year guerrilla war. In 1996, the government signed a peace agreement formally ending the conflict, which had left more than 100,000 people dead and had created some 1 million refugees. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 29.88 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $3.374 billion
expenditures: $4.041 billion; including capital expenditures of $750 million (2005 est.) |
| Stolica | name: Gwatemala
geographic coordinates: 14 38 N, 90 31 W time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday w kwiecien; ends last Friday w wrzesien; note - there is no DST planned dla 2007-2009 |
| Klimat | tropical; hot, humid w lowlands; cooler w highlands |
| Linia brzegowa | 400 km |
| Konstytucja | 31 maj 1985, effective 14 styczen 1986; note - suspended 25 maj 1993 by former President Jorge SERRANO; reinstated 5 czerwiec 1993 following ouster of president; amended listopad 1993 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Republic of Gwatemala
conventional short form: Gwatemala local long form: Republica de Gwatemala local short form: Gwatemala |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $5.503 billion (2005 est.) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador James M. DERHAM
embassy: 7-01 Avenida Reforma, Zone 10, Gwatemala City mailing address: APO AA 34024 telephone: [502] 2326-4000 FAX: [502] 2326-4654 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Guillermo CASTILLO
chancery: 2220 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 745-4952 FAX: [1] (202) 745-1908 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Providence, San Francisco |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | Gwatemalan squatters continue to settle w the rain forests of Belize's border region; Organization of American States (OAS) is attempting to revive the 2002 failed Differendum that created a small adjustment to land boundary, a Gwatemalan maritime corridor w Caribbean, a joint ecological park dla the disputed Sapodilla Cays, and a substantial US-UK financial package; Gwatemalans enter Meksyk illegally seeking work or transit to the US |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | $250 million (2000 est.) |
| Ekonomia | Gwatemala is the largest and most populous of the Central American countries z a Produkt krajowy brutto per capita roughly one-half that of Brazylia, Argentyna, and Chile. The agricultural sector accounts dla about one-fourth of Produkt krajowy brutto, two-thirds of exports, and half of the labor force. Coffee, sugar, and bananas are the main products. The 1996 signing of peace accords, which ended 36 years of civil war, removed a major obstacle to foreign investment, but widespread political violence and corruption scandals continue to dampen investor confidence. The distribution of income remains highly unequal z perhaps 75% of the population below the poverty line. Other ongoing challenges include increasing government revenues, negotiating further assistance from international donors, upgrading both government and private financial operations, curtailing drug trafficking, and narrowing the trade deficit. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 6.025 billion kWh (2003) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 425 million kWh (2003) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 35 million kWh (2003) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 6.898 billion kWh (2003) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Ocean Spokojny 0 m
highest point: Volcan Tajumulco 4,211 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | deforestation w the Peten rainforest; soil erosion; water pollution |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Grupy etniczne | Mestizo (mixed Amerindian-Spanish - w local Spanish called Ladino) and European 59.4%, K'iche 9.1%, Kaqchikel 8.4%, Mam 7.9%, Q'eqchi 6.3%, other majan 8.6%, indigenous non-Mayan 0.2%, other 0.1% (2001 census) |
| Kurs waluty | quetzales per US dollar - 7.6339 (2005), 7.9465 (2004), 7.9409 (2003), 7.8217 (2002), 7.8586 (2001) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: President Oscar Jose Rafael BERGER Perdomo (since 14 styczen 2004); Vice President Eduardo STEIN Barillas (since 14 styczen 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Oscar Jose Rafael BERGER Perdomo (since 14 styczen 2004); Vice President Eduardo STEIN Barillas (since 14 styczen 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote dla a four-year term (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held 9 listopad 2003; runoff held 28 grudzien 2003 (next to be held wrzesien 2007) election results: Oscar BERGER Perdomo elected president; percent of vote - Oscar BERGER Perdomo (GANA) 54.1%, Alvarado COLOM (UNE) 45.9% |
| Eksport | 425 million kWh (2003) |
| Eksport | $3.94 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.) |
| Eksport | 3,104 bbl/day (2003) |
| Eksport - towary | coffee, sugar, petroleum, apparel, bananas, fruits and vegetables, cardamom |
| Eksport - partnerzy | US 50.1%, Salwador 12.1%, Honduras 7.3%, Meksyk 4% (2005) |
| Rok podatkowy | rok kalendarzowy |
| Opis flagi | three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue z the coat of arms centered w the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Hiszpania) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles and a pair of crossed swords and framed by a wreath |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 22.7%
industry: 18.8% services: 58.5% (2005 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 3.2% (2005 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 15 30 N, 90 15 W |
| Polozenie geograficzne | no natural harbors on west coast |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: 1.6%
highest 10%: 46% (1998) |
| Narkotyki | major transit country dla cocaine and heroin; w 2004, reemerged as a potential source of opium, growing 330 hectares of opium poppy, z potential pure heroin production of 1.4 metric tons; 76% of opium poppy cultivation w western highlands along Mexican border; marijuana cultivation dla mostly domestic consumption; proximity to Meksyk makes Gwatemala a major staging area dla drugs (particularly dla cocaine); money laundering is a serious problem; corruption is a major problem |
| Import | 35 million kWh (2003) |
| Import | $7.744 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.) |
| Import | NA bbl/day |
| Import - towary | fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, grain, fertilizers, electricity |
| Import - partnerzy | US 38.1%, Meksyk 7.6%, Salwador 4.8%, South Korea 4.8%, Panama 4.4% (2005) |
| Niepodleglosc | 15 wrzesien 1821 (from Hiszpania) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | 4.1% (1999) |
| Przemysl | sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 30.94 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 33.55 deaths/1,000 live births female: 28.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.) |
| Inflacja | 9.1% (2005 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | BCIE, CACM, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS, ONUB, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIS, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO |
| Nawadniane tereny | 1,300 sq km (2003) |
| Sadownictwo | Konstytucjaal Court or Corte de Constitutcionalidad is Gwatemala's highest court (five judges are elected dla concurrent five-year terms by Congress, each serving one year as president of the Konstytucjaal Court; one is elected by Congress, one elected by the Supreme Court of Justice, one appointed by the president, one elected by Superior Counsel of Universidad San Carlos de Gwatemala, and one by Colegio de Abogados); Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (13 members serve concurrent five-year terms and elect a president of the Court each year from among their number; the president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms) |
| Sila robocza | 3.76 million (2005 est.) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture: 50%
industry: 15% services: 35% (1999 est.) |
| Granica | total: 1,687 km
border countries: Belize 266 km, Salwador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Meksyk 962 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 13.22%
permanent crops: 5.6% other: 81.18% (2005) |
| Jezyki | Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca) |
| System prawny | civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | unicameral Congress of the Republic or Congreso de la Republica (158 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 9 listopad 2003 (next to be held wrzesien 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - GANA 49, FRG 41, UNE 33, PAN 17, other 18 note: dla the 9 listopad 2003 election, the number of congressional seats increased from 113 to 158 |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 69.38 years
male: 67.65 years female: 71.18 years (2006 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 70.6% male: 78% female: 63.3% (2003 est.) |
| Lokalizacja | Central America, bordering the North Ocean Spokojny, between Salwador and Meksyk, and bordering the Gulf of Honduras (Caribbean Sea) between Honduras and Belize |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Morskie obszary | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
| Wojsko | Army, Navy (includes marines), Air Force |
| Wojska - wydatki (w dolarach) | $169.8 million (2005 est.) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 0.5% (2005 est.) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, 15 wrzesien (1821) |
| Narodowosc | noun: Gwatemalan(s)
adjective: Gwatemalan |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | numerous volcanoes w mountains, z occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other tropical storms |
| Surowce naturalne | petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | -1.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
| Rurociagi | oil 480 km (2006) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | Authentic Integral Development or DIA [Eduardo SUGER]; Grand National Alliance or GANA (an alliance of smaller parties) [Alfredo VILA Giron, secretary general]; Green Party or LOV [Rodolfo ROSALES Garcis-Salaz]; Gwatemalan Christian Democracy or DCG [Vinicio CEREZO Arevalo]; Gwatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or URNG [Alba ESTELA Maldonado, secretary general]; Gwatemalan Republican Front or FRG [Efrain RIOS Montt]; Movement dla Gwatemalan Unity or MGU [Jacobo ARBENZ Villanueva]; Movement dla Principals and Values or MPV [Francisco BIANCHI]; National Advancement Party or PAN [Leonel LOPEZ Rodas, secretary general]; National Unity dla Hope or UNE [Alvarado COLOM Caballeros]; New Nation Alliance or ANN (formed by an alliance of DIA, URNG, and several splinter groups most of whom subsequently defected) [led by three co-equal partners - Nineth Varenca MONTENEGRO Cottom, Rodolfo BAUER Paiz, and Jorge Antonio BALSELLS TUT]; Patriot Party or PP [Ret. Gen. Otto PEREZ Molina]; Progressive Liberator Party or PLP [Acisclo VALLADARES Molina]; Reform Movement or MR [Alfredo SKINNER-KLEE, secretary general]; Unionista Party |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | Agrarian Owners Group or UNAGRO; Alliance Against Impunity or AAI; Committee dla Campesino Unity or CUC; Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations or CACIF; Mutual Support Group or GAM |
| Ludnosc | 12,293,545 (lipiec 2006 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | 75% (2004 est.) |
| Przyrost naturalny | 2.27% (2006 est.) |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 130, FM 487, shortwave 15 (2000) |
| Linie kolejowe | total: 886 km
narrow gauge: 886 km 0.914-m gauge (2005) |
| Religie | Roman Catholic, Protestant, indigenous majan beliefs |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal (active duty members of the armed forces may not vote and are restricted to their barracks on election day) |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: fairly modern network centered w the city of Gwatemala
domestic: NA international: country code - 502; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Ocean Atlantycki) |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 1,132,100 (2004) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 3,168,300 (2004) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 26 (plus 27 repeaters) (1997) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | mostly mountains z narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 3.82 children born/woman (2006 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 7.5% (2003 est.) |
| Drogi wodne | 990 km
note: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during high-water season (2004) |
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