Porownanie Zimbabwe (2008) - Zimbabwe (2007)

Porownanie Zimbabwe (2008) z Zimbabwe (2007)

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	Zimbabwe (2008)	Zimbabwe (2007)

Podzial administracyjny	8 provinces and 2 cities* z provincial status; Bulawayo, Harare, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands	8 provinces and 2 cities* z provincial status; Bulawayo, Harare, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands
Struktura wiekowa	0-14 years: 37.2% (male 2,308,731/female 2,266,027) 15-64 years: 59.3% (male 3,663,108/female 3,641,519) 65 years and over: 3.5% (male 198,867/female 232,891) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 37.2% (male 2,308,731/female 2,266,027) 15-64 years: 59.3% (male 3,663,108/female 3,641,519) 65 years and over: 3.5% (male 198,867/female 232,891) (2007 est.)
Rolinictwo	corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs	corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs
Lotniska	341 (2007)	341 (2007)
Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami	total: 19 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 10 (2007)	total: 19 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 10 (2007)
Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami	total: 322 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 152 under 914 m: 166 (2007)	total: 322 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 152 under 914 m: 166 (2007)
Terytorium	total: 390,580 sq km land: 386,670 sq km water: 3,910 sq km	total: 390,580 sq km land: 386,670 sq km water: 3,910 sq km
Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci	slightly larger than Montana	slightly larger than Montana
Tlo historyczne	The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the [British] Republika Poludniowej Afryki Company w 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated that favored whites w power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its independence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demanded more complete voting rights dla the black African majority w the country (then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free elections w 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) w 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated the country's political system since independence. His chaotic land redistribution campaign, which began w 2000, caused an exodus of white farmers, crippled the economy, and ushered w widespread shortages of basic commodities. Ignoring international condemnation, MUGABE rigged the 2002 presidential election to ensure his reelection. The ruling ZANU-PF party used fraud and intimidation to win a two-thirds majority w the marzec 2005 parliamentary election, allowing it to amend the constitution at will and recreate the Senate, which had been abolished w the late 1980s. In kwiecien 2005, Harare embarked on Operation Restore Order, ostensibly an urban rationalization program, which resulted w the destruction of the homes or businesses of 700,000 mostly poor supporters of the opposition, according to UN estimates. President Mugabe w czerwiec 2007 instituted price controls on all basic commodities causing panic buying and leaving store shelves empty dla months. In pazdziernik 2007, Konstytucjaal Amendment 18 came into effect allowing dla harmonized presidential and parliamentary elections, shortening the length of the presidential term to five years, and moving up the date dla parliamentary elections. General elections are expected w marzec 2008.	The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the [British] Republika Poludniowej Afryki Company w 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated that favored whites w power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its independence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demanded more complete voting rights dla the black African majority w the country (then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free elections w 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) w 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated the country's political system since independence. His chaotic land redistribution campaign, which began w 2000, caused an exodus of white farmers, crippled the economy, and ushered w widespread shortages of basic commodities. Ignoring international condemnation, MUGABE rigged the 2002 presidential election to ensure his reelection. Opposition and labor strikes w 2003 were unsuccessful w pressuring MUGABE to retire early; security forces continued their brutal repression of regime opponents. The ruling ZANU-PF party used fraud and intimidation to win a two-thirds majority w the marzec 2005 parliamentary election, allowing it to amend the constitution at will and recreate the Senate, which had been abolished w the late 1980s. In kwiecien 2005, Harare embarked on Operation Restore Order, ostensibly an urban rationalization program, which resulted w the destruction of the homes or businesses of 700,000 mostly poor supporters of the opposition, according to UN estimates. ZANU-PF announced w grudzien 2006 that they would seek to extend MUGABE's term w office until 2010 when presidential and parliamentary elections would be "harmonized."
Wspolczynnik narodzin	27.72 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	27.72 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budzet	revenues: $1.105 billion expenditures: $1.366 billion (2007 est.)	revenues: $2.156 billion expenditures: $2.789 billion (2006 est.)
Stolica	name: Harare geographic coordinates: 17 50 S, 31 03 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	name: Harare geographic coordinates: 17 50 S, 31 03 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Klimat	tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (listopad to marzec)	tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (listopad to marzec)
Linia brzegowa	0 km (landlocked)	0 km (landlocked)
Konstytucja	21 grudzien 1979	21 grudzien 1979
Nazwa panstwa	conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe conventional short form: Zimbabwe former: Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia	conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe conventional short form: Zimbabwe former: Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia
Wspolczynnik zgonow	21.76 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	21.76 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne	$4.876 billion (31 grudzien 2007 est.)	$4.576 billion (2006 est.)
Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA	chief of mission: Ambassador James D. MCGEE embassy: 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare mailing address: P. O. Box 3340, Harare telephone: [263] (4) 250-593 and 250-594 FAX: [263] (4) 796-488	chief of mission: Ambassador Christopher W. DELL embassy: 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare mailing address: P. O. Box 3340, Harare telephone: [263] (4) 250-593 and 250-594 FAX: [263] (4) 796-488
Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA	chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Machivenyika T. MAPURANGA chancery: 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 332-7100 FAX: [1] (202) 483-9326	chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Machivenyika T. MAPURANGA chancery: 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 332-7100 FAX: [1] (202) 483-9326
Miedzynarodowe dyskusje	Botswana built electric fences and Republika Poludniowej Afryki has placed military along the border to stem the flow of thousands of Zimbabweans fleeing to find work and escape political persecution; Namibia has supported, and w 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary w the river	Botswana built electric fences and Republika Poludniowej Afryki has placed military along the border to stem the flow of thousands of Zimbabweans fleeing to find work and escape political persecution; Namibia has supported, and w 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary w the river
Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie	$367.7 million; note - the EU and the US provide food aid on humanitarian grounds (2005 est.)	$367.7 million; note - the EU and the US provide food aid on humanitarian grounds (2005 est.)
Ekonomia	The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles z an unsustainable fiscal deficit, an overvalued official exchange rate, hyperinflation, and bare store shelves. Its 1998-2002 involvement w the war w the Democratic Republic of the Congo drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. The government's land reform program, characterized by chaos and violence, has badly damaged the commercial farming sector, the traditional source of exports and foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs, turning Zimbabwe into a net importer of food products. Badly needed support from the IMF has been suspended because of the government's arrears on past loans and the government's unwillingness to enact reforms that would stabilize the economy. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe routinely prints money to fund the budget deficit, causing the official annual inflation rate to rise from 32% w 1998, to 133% w 2004, 585% w 2005, passed 1000% w 2006, and 26000% w listopad 2007. Private sector estimates of inflation w 2007 are well above 100,000%. Meanwhile, the official exchange rate fell from approximately 1 (revalued) Zimbabwean dollar per US dollar w 2003 to 30,000 per US dollar w 2007.	The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles z an unsustainable fiscal deficit, an overvalued exchange rate, soaring inflation, and bare shelves. Its 1998-2002 involvement w the war w the Democratic Republic of the Congo drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. The government's land reform program, characterized by chaos and violence, has badly damaged the commercial farming sector, the traditional source of exports and foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs, turning Zimbabwe into a net importer of food products. Badly needed support from the IMF has been suspended because of the government's arrears on past loans, which it began repaying w 2005. The official annual inflation rate rose from 32% w 1998, to 133% w 2004, 585% w 2005, and approached 1000% w 2006, although private sector estimates put the figure much higher. Meanwhile, the official exchange rate fell from approximately 1 (revalued) Zimbabwean dollar per US dollar w 2003 to 160 per US dollar w 2006.
Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja	12.27 billion kWh (2005)	12.27 billion kWh (2005)
Elektrycznosc - eksport	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2005)
Elektrycznosc - import	3.013 billion kWh (2005)	3.013 billion kWh (2005)
Elektrycznosc - produkcja	9.95 billion kWh (2005)	9.95 billion kWh (2005)
Skrajne punkty wysokosci	lowest point: junction of the Runde and Save rivers 162 m highest point: Inyangani 2,592 m	lowest point: junction of the Runde and Save rivers 162 m highest point: Inyangani 2,592 m
Srodowisko - obecne problemy	deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species w the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching; poor mining practices have led to toxic waste and heavy metal pollution	deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species w the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching; poor mining practices have led to toxic waste and heavy metal pollution
Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy	party to: Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Grupy etniczne	African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1%	African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1%
Kurs waluty	Zimbabwean dollars per US dollar - 30,000 (2007), 162.07 (2006), 77.965 (2005), 5.729 (2004), 0.824 (2003) note: these are official exchange rates; non-official rates vary significantly	Zimbabwean dollars per US dollar - 162.07 (2006), 77.965 (2005), 5.729 (2004), 0.824 (2003), 0.055 (2002) note: these are official exchange rates; non-official rates vary significantly
Wladza wykonawcza	chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 grudzien 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since grudzien 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 grudzien 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 grudzien 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since grudzien 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 grudzien 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly elections: presidential candidates nominated z a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote dla a five-year term (no term limits); election last held 9-11 marzec 2002 (next to be held 28 marzec 2008); co-vice presidents appointed by the president election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%	chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 grudzien 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since grudzien 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 grudzien 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 grudzien 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since grudzien 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 grudzien 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly elections: presidential candidates nominated z a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote dla a six-year term (no term limits); election last held 9-11 marzec 2002 (next to be held w marzec 2008); co-vice presidents appointed by the president election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%
Eksport	0 bbl/day (2004 est.)	0 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Eksport - towary	platinum, cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing	cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing
Eksport - partnerzy	Republika Poludniowej Afryki 24.8%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 17.6%, Botswana 15.7%, US 10.4% (2006)	Sudan 24.9%, Republic of the Congo 17.7%, Burkina Faso 15.8%, US 10.5% (2006)
Rok podatkowy	rok kalendarzowy	rok kalendarzowy
Opis flagi	seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green z a white isosceles triangle edged w black z its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird representing the long history of the country is superimposed on a red five-pointed star w the center of the triangle, which symbolizes peace; green symbolizes agriculture, yellow - mineral wealth, red - blood shed to achieve independence, and black stands dla the native people	seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green z a white isosceles triangle edged w black z its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird representing the long history of the country is superimposed on a red five-pointed star w the center of the triangle, which symbolizes peace; green symbolizes agriculture, yellow - mineral wealth, red - blood shed to achieve independence, and black stands dla the native people