Porownanie Wielka Brytania (2008) - Wielka Brytania (2003)
Porownanie Wielka Brytania (2008) z Wielka Brytania (2003)
Pokaz tylko zmiany
Pokaz tylko zmiany
| Wielka Brytania (2008) | Wielka Brytania (2003) | |
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| Podzial administracyjny | England: 34 two-tier counties, 32 London boroughs and 1 City of London or Greater London, 36 metropolitan counties, 46 unitary authorities
two-tier counties: Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Cornwall and Isles of Scilly, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, Durham, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, North Yorkshire, Northamptonshire, Northumberland, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Shropshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Wiltshire, Worcestershire London boroughs and City of London or Greater London: Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, City of London, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster metropolitan counties: Barnsley, Birmingham, Bolton, Bradford, Bury, Calderdale, Coventry, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Kirklees, Knowlsey, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, North Tyneside, Oldham, Rochdale, Rotherham, Salford, Sandwell, Sefton, Sheffield, Solihull, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Sunderland, Tameside, Trafford, Wakefield, Walsall, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton unitary authorities: Bath and North East Somerset, Blackburn z Darwen, Blackpool, Bournemouth, Bracknell Forest, Brighton and Hove, City of Bristol, Darlington, Derby, East Riding of Yorkshire, Halton, Hartlepool, County of Herefordshire, Ile of Wight, City of Kingston upon Hull, Leicester, Luton, Medway, Middlesbrough, Milton Keynes, North East Lincolnshire, North Lincolnshire, North Somerset, Nottingham, Peterborough, Plymouth, Poole, Portsmouth, Reading, Redcar and Cleveland, Rutland, Slough, South Gloucestershire, Southampton, Southend-on-Sea, Stockton-on-Tees, Stoke-on-Trent, Swindon, Telford and Wrekin, Thurrock, Torbay, Warrington, West Berkshire, Windsor and Maidenhead, Wokingham, York Northern Irlandia: 26 district council areas district council areas: Antrim, Ards, Armagh, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Banbridge, Belfast, Carrickfergus, Castlereagh, Coleraine, Cookstown, Craigavon, Derry, Down, Dungannon, Fermanagh, Larne, Limavady, Lisburn, Magherafelt, Moyle, Newry and Mourne, Newtownabbey, North Down, Omagh, Strabane Scotland: 32 unitary authorities unitary authorities: Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, The Scottish Borders, West Dunbartonshire, West Lothian Wales: 22 unitary authorities unitary authorities: Blaenau Gwent; Bridgend; Caerphilly; Cardiff; Carmarthenshire; Ceredigion; Conwy; Denbighshire; Flintshire; Gwynedd; Isle of Anglesey; Merthyr Tydfil; Monmouthshire; Neath Port Talbot; Newport; Pembrokeshire; Powys; Rhondda, Cynon, Taff; Swansea; The Vale of Glamorgan; Torfaen; Wrexham |
England - 47 boroughs, 36 counties*, 29 London boroughs**, 12 cities and boroughs***, 10 districts****, 12 cities*****, 3 royal boroughs******; Barking and Dagenham**, Barnet**, Barnsley, Bath and North East Somerset****, Bedfordshire*, Bexley**, Birmingham***, Blackburn z Darwen, Blackpool, Bolton, Bournemouth, Bracknell Forest, Bradford***, Brent**, Brighton and Hove, City of Bristol*****, Bromley**, Buckinghamshire*, Bury, Calderdale, Cambridgeshire*, Camden**, Cheshire*, Cornwall*, Coventry***, Croydon**, Cumbria*, Darlington, Derby*****, Derbyshire*, Devon*, Doncaster, Dorset*, Dudley, Durham*, Ealing**, East Riding of Yorkshire****, East Sussex*, Enfield**, Essex*, Gateshead, Gloucestershire*, Greenwich**, Hackney**, Halton, Hammersmith and Fulham**, Hampshire*, Haringey**, Harrow**, Hartlepool, Havering**, Herefordshire*, Hertfordshire*, Hillingdon**, Hounslow**, Isle of Wight*, Islington**, Kensington and Chelsea******, Kent*, City of Kingston upon Hull*****, Kingston upon Thames******, Kirklees, Knowsley, Lambeth**, Lancashire*, Leeds***, Leicester*****, Leicestershire*, Lewisham**, Lincolnshire*, Liverpool***, City of London*****, Luton, Manchester***, Medway, Merton**, Middlesbrough, Milton Keynes, Newcastle upon Tyne***, Newham**, Norfolk*, Northamptonshire*, North East Lincolnshire****, North Lincolnshire****, North Somerset****, North Tyneside, Northumberland*, North Yorkshire*, Nottingham*****, Nottinghamshire*, Oldham, Oxfordshire*, Peterborough*****, Plymouth*****, Poole, Portsmouth*****, Reading, Redbridge**, Redcar and Cleveland, Richmond upon Thames**, Rochdale, Rotherham, Rutland****, Salford***, Shropshire*, Sandwell, Sefton, Sheffield***, Slough, Solihull, Somerset*, Southampton*****, Southend-on-Sea, South Gloucestershire****, South Tyneside, Southwark**, Staffordshire*, St. Helens, Stockport, Stockton-on-Tees, Stoke-on-Trent*****, Suffolk*, Sunderland***, Surrey*, Sutton**, Swindon, Tameside, Telford and Wrekin****, Thurrock, Torbay, Tower Hamlets**, Trafford, Wakefield***, Walsall, Waltham Forest**, Wandsworth**, Warrington, Warwickshire*, West Berkshire****, Westminster***, West Sussex*, Wigan, Wiltshire*, Windsor and Maidenhead******, Wirral, Wokingham****, Wolverhampton, Worcestershire*, York*****; Northern Irlandia - 24 districts, 2 cities*, 6 counties**; Antrim, County Antrim**, Ards, Armagh, County Armagh**, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Banbridge, Belfast*, Carrickfergus, Castlereagh, Coleraine, Cookstown, Craigavon, Down, County Down**, Dungannon, Fermanagh, County Fermanagh**, Larne, Limavady, Lisburn, County Londonderry**, Derry*, Magherafelt, Moyle, Newry and Mourne, Newtownabbey, North Down, Omagh, Strabane, County Tyrone**; Scotland - 32 council areas; Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, The Scottish Borders, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, West Dunbartonshire, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), West Lothian; Wales - 11 county boroughs, 9 counties*, 2 cities and counties**; Isle of Anglesey*, Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff**, Ceredigion*, Carmarthenshire*, Conwy, Denbighshire*, Flintshire*, Gwynedd, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouthshire*, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Pembrokeshire*, Powys*, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Swansea**, Torfaen, The Vale of Glamorgan*, Wrexham |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 17.2% (male 5,349,053/female 5,095,837)
15-64 years: 67% (male 20,605,031/female 20,104,313) 65 years and over: 15.8% (male 4,123,464/female 5,498,540) (2007 est.) |
0-14 years: 18.3% (male 5,621,590; female 5,350,319)
15-64 years: 66.1% (male 20,067,529; female 19,626,123) 65 years and over: 15.6% (male 3,987,457; female 5,441,630) (2003 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish | cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish |
| Lotniska | 449 (2007) | 470 (2002) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 310
over 3,047 m: 8 2,438 to 3,047 m: 33 1,524 to 2,437 m: 131 914 to 1,523 m: 79 under 914 m: 59 (2007) |
total: 334
over 3,047 m: 8 2,438 to 3,047 m: 33 1,524 to 2,437 m: 151 914 to 1,523 m: 83 under 914 m: 59 (2002) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 139
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 113 (2007) |
total: 136
2438 to 3047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 22 under 914 m: 112 (2002) |
| Terytorium | total: 244,820 sq km
land: 241,590 sq km water: 3,230 sq km note: includes Rockall and Shetland Islands |
total: 244,820 sq km
land: 241,590 sq km water: 3,230 sq km note: includes Rockall and Shetland Islands |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly smaller than Oregon | slightly smaller than Oregon |
| Tlo historyczne | As the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century, the Wielka Brytania of Great Britain and Irlandia played a leading role w developing parliamentary democracy and w advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the UK's strength seriously depleted w two Swiat Wars and the Irish republic withdraw from the union. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy; it currently is weighing the degree of its integration z continental Europe. A member of the EU, it chose to remain outside the Economic and Monetary Union dla the time being. Konstytucjaal reform is also a significant issue w the UK. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly dla Wales, and the Northern Irlandia Assembly were established w 1999, but the latter was suspended until maj 2007 due to wrangling over the peace process. | Great Britain, the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century, played a leading role w developing parliamentary democracy and w advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the UK's strength seriously depleted w two Swiat Wars. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy; it currently is weighing the degree of its integration z continental Europe. A member of the EU, it chose to remain outside the European Monetary Union dla the time being. Konstytucjaal reform is also a significant issue w the UK. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly dla Wales, and the Northern Irlandia Assembly were established w 1999. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 10.67 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) | 10.99 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $1.155 trillion
expenditures: $1.237 trillion (2007 est.) |
revenues: $565 billion
expenditures: $540 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY 01) |
| Stolica | name: London
geographic coordinates: 51 30 N, 0 10 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday w marzec; ends last Sunday w pazdziernik |
London |
| Klimat | temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast | temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast |
| Linia brzegowa | 12,429 km | 12,429 km |
| Konstytucja | unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice | unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Wielka Brytania of Great Britain and Northern Irlandia; note - Great Britain includes England, Scotland, and Wales
conventional short form: Wielka Brytania abbreviation: UK |
conventional long form: Wielka Brytania of Great Britain and Northern Irlandia
conventional short form: Wielka Brytania abbreviation: UK |
| Waluta | - | British pound (GBP) |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 10.09 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) | 10.21 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $10.45 trillion (30 czerwiec 2007) | $NA |
| Zalezne tereny | Anguilla, Bermudy, Brytyjskie Terytorium Oceanu Indyjskiego, Brytyjskie Wyspy Dziewicze, Kajmany, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, Pitcairn, Swieta Helena, Georgia Poludniowa i Sandwich Poludniowy, Turks i Caicos | Anguilla, Bermudy, Brytyjskie Terytorium Oceanu Indyjskiego, Brytyjskie Wyspy Dziewicze, Kajmany, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Jersey, Wyspa Man, Montserrat, Pitcairn, Swieta Helena, Georgia Poludniowa i Sandwich Poludniowy, Turks i Caicos |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Robert Holmes TUTTLE
embassy: 24 Grosvenor Square, London, W1A 1AE mailing address: PSC 801, Box 40, FPO AE 09498-4040 telephone: [44] (0) 20 7499-9000 FAX: [44] (0) 20 7629-9124 consulate(s) general: Belfast, Edinburgh |
chief of mission: Ambassador William S. FARISH
embassy: 24/31 Grosvenor Square, London, W1A1AE mailing address: PSC 801, Box 40, FPO AE 09498-4040 telephone: [44] (0) 7499-9000 FAX: [44] (0) 7629-9124 consulate(s) general: Belfast, Edinburgh |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Sir Nigel E. SHEINWALD
chancery: 3100 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 588-6500 FAX: [1] (202) 588-7870 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco consulate(s): Denver, Orlando |
chief of mission: Ambassador David G. MANNING
chancery: 3100 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 588-6500 FAX: [1] (202) 588-7870 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco consulate(s): Dallas, Denver, Miami, and Seattle |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any "shared sovereignty" arrangement between the UK and Hiszpania; the Government of Gibraltar insists on equal participation w talks between the two countries; Hiszpania disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; Mauritius and Seszele claim the Chagos Archipelago (Brytyjskie Terytorium Oceanu Indyjskiego), and its former inhabitants since their eviction w 1965; most Chagossians reside w Mauritius, and w 2001 were granted UK citizenship, where some have since resettled; w maj 2006, the High Court of London reversed the UK Government's 2004 orders of council that banned habitation on the islands; UK rejects sovereignty talks requested by Argentyna, which still claims the Falklandy and Georgia Poludniowa i Sandwich Poludniowy; territorial claim w Antarktyda (British Antarctic Territory) overlaps Argentine claim and partially overlaps Chilean claim; Islandia, the UK, and Irlandia dispute Dania's claim that the Wyspy Owcze' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm | Gibraltar residents vote overwhelmingly w referendum against "total shared sovereignty" arrangement worked out between Hiszpania and UK to change 300-year rule over colony; Mauritius and Seszele claim the Chagos Archipelago (Brytyjskie Terytorium Oceanu Indyjskiego) and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly w Mauritius, but w 2001 were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation since eviction w 1965; Argentyna claims the Falklandy and Georgia Poludniowa i Sandwich Poludniowy; Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Dania and Islandia; territorial claim w Antarktyda (British Antarctic Territory) overlaps Argentine claim and partially overlaps Chilean claim; disputes z Islandia, Dania, and Irlandia over the Wyspy Owcze continental shelf boundary outside 200 NM |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - udzielanie | ODA, $10.7 billion (2005) | ODA, $4.5 billion (2000) |
| Ekonomia | The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is one of the quintet of trillion dollar economies of Western Europe. Over the past two decades, the government has greatly reduced public ownership and contained the growth of social welfare programs. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs z less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil reserves; primary energy production accounts dla 10% of Produkt krajowy brutto, one of the highest shares of any industrial nation. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by far dla the largest proportion of Produkt krajowy brutto while industry continues to decline w importance. Since emerging from recession w 1992, Britain's economy has enjoyed the longest period of expansion on record; growth has remained w the 2-3% range since 2004, outpacing most of Europe. The economy's strength has complicated the Labor government's efforts to make a case dla Britain to join the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Critics point out that the economy is doing well outside of EMU, and public opinion polls show a majority of Britons are opposed to the euro. The BROWN government has been speeding up the improvement of education, health services, and affordable housing at a cost w higher taxes and a widening public deficit. | The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is one of the quartet of trillion dollar economies of Western Europe. Over the past two decades the government has greatly reduced public ownership and contained the growth of social welfare programs. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs z only 1% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil reserves; primary energy production accounts dla 10% of Produkt krajowy brutto, one of the highest shares of any industrial nation. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by far dla the largest proportion of Produkt krajowy brutto while industry continues to decline w importance. Produkt krajowy brutto growth slipped w 2001-03 as the global downturn, the high value of the pound, and the bursting of the "new economy" bubble hurt manufacturing and exports. Still, the economy is one of the strongest w Europe; inflation, interest rates, and unemployment remain low. The relatively good economic performance has complicated the BLAIR government's efforts to make a case dla Britain to join the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Critics point out, however, that the economy is doing well outside of EMU, and they point to public opinion polls that continue to show a majority of Britons opposed to the single currency. Meantime, the government has been speeding up the improvement of education, transport, and health services, at a cost w higher taxes. The war w marzec-kwiecien 2003 between a US-led coalition and Irak, together z the subsequent problems of restoring the economy and the polity, involve a heavy commitment of British military forces. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 348.7 billion kWh (2005) | 346.1 billion kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 2.839 billion kWh (2005) | 264 million kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 11.16 billion kWh (2005) | 10.66 billion kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 372.6 billion kWh (2005) | 360.9 billion kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - zrodla energii | - | fossil fuel: 73.8%
hydro: 0.9% nuclear: 23.7% other: 1.6% (2001) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: The Fens -4 m
highest point: Ben Nevis 1,343 m |
lowest point: The Fens -4 m
highest point: Ben Nevis 1,343 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | continues to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (has met Kyoto Protocol target of a 12.5% reduction from 1990 levels and intends to meet the legally binding target and move toward a domestic goal of a 20% cut w emissions by 2010); by 2005 the government reduced the amount of industrial and commercial waste disposed of w landfill sites to 85% of 1998 levels and recycled or composted at least 25% of household waste, increasing to 33% by 2015 | continues to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (has met Kyoto Protocol target of a 12.5% reduction from 1990 levels and intends to meet the legally binding target and move towards a domestic goal of a 20% cut w emissions by 2010); by 2005 the government aims to reduce the amount of industrial and commercial waste disposed of w landfill sites to 85% of 1998 levels and to recycle or compost at least 25% of household waste, increasing to 33% by 2015; between 1998-99 and 1999-2000, household recycling increased from 8.8% to 10.3% |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol |
| Grupy etniczne | white (of which English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%, Northern Irish 2.9%) 92.1%, black 2%, Indien 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001 census) | English 81.5%, Scottish 9.6%, Irish 2.4%, Welsh 1.9%, Ulster 1.8%, West Indien, Indien, Pakistani, and other 2.8% |
| Kurs waluty | British pounds per US dollar - 0.4993 (2007), 0.5418 (2006), 0.5493 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003) | British pounds per US dollar - 0.67 (2002), 0.69 (2001), 0.66 (2000), 0.62 (1999), 0.6 (1998) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 luty 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the queen, born 14 listopad 1948)
head of government: Prime Minister Gordon BROWN (since 27 czerwiec 2007) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually the prime minister |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 luty 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the queen, born 14 listopad 1948)
head of government: Prime Minister Anthony (Tony) BLAIR (since 2 maj 1997) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually the prime minister |
| Eksport | 1.956 million bbl/day (2004) | 2.205 million bbl/day (2001) |
| Eksport - towary | manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food, beverages, tobacco | manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food, beverages, tobacco |
| Eksport - partnerzy | US 13.9%, Niemcy 10.9%, Francja 10.4%, Irlandia 7.1%, Holandia 6.3%, Belgia 5.2%, Hiszpania 4.5% (2006) | US 15.5%, Niemcy 11.2%, Francja 9.4%, Irlandia 8%, Holandia 7.1%, Belgia 5.2%, Wlochy 4.4%, Hiszpania 4.3% (2002) |
| Rok podatkowy | 6 kwiecien - 5 kwiecien | 1 kwiecien - 31 marzec |
| Opis flagi | blue field z the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) edged w white superimposed on the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Irlandia), which is superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland); properly known as the Union Flag, but commonly called the Union Jack; the design and colors (especially the Blue Ensign) have been the basis dla a number of other flags including other Commonwealth countries and their constituent states or provinces, and British overseas territories | blue field z the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) edged w white superimposed on the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Irlandia), which is superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland); properly known as the Union Flag, but commonly called the Union Jack; the design and colors (especially the Blue Ensign) have been the basis dla a number of other flags including other Commonwealth countries and their constituent states or provinces, as well as British overseas territories |
| Produkt krajowy brutto | - | purchasing power parity - $1.528 trillion (2002 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 0.9%
industry: 23.6% services: 75.5% (2007 est.) |
agriculture: 1.4%
industry: 24.9% services: 73.7% (2000) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $25,500 (2002 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 2.9% (2007 est.) | 1.8% (2002 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 54 00 N, 2 00 W | 54 00 N, 2 00 W |
| Polozenie geograficzne | lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from Francja and linked by tunnel under the English Channel; because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters | lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from Francja and now linked by tunnel under the English Channel; because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters |
| Ladowiska helikopterow | 11 (2007) | 11 (2002) |
| Autostrady | - | total: 371,913 km
paved: 371,913 km (including 3,358 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1999) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: 2.1%
highest 10%: 28.5% (1999) |
lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 27.7% (1995) |
| Narkotyki | producer of limited amounts of synthetic drugs and synthetic precursor chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American cocaine, and synthetic drugs; money-laundering center | gateway country dla Latin American cocaine entering the European market; major consumer of synthetic drugs, producer of limited amounts of synthetic drugs and synthetic precursor chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering center |
| Import | 1.654 million bbl/day (2004) | 1.418 million bbl/day (2001) |
| Import - towary | manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs | manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs |
| Import - partnerzy | Niemcy 12.8%, US 8.9%, Francja 6.9%, Holandia 6.6%, Chiny 5.3%, Norwegia 4.9%, Belgia 4.5% (2006) | Niemcy 12.9%, US 11.9%, Francja 7.8%, Holandia 6.3%, Belgia 5%, Wlochy 4.4% (2002) |
| Niepodleglosc | England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century; the union between England and Wales, begun w 1284 z the Statute of Rhuddlan, was not formalized until 1536 z an Act of Union; w another Act of Union w 1707, England and Scotland agreed to permanently join as Great Britain; the legislative union of Great Britain and Irlandia was implemented w 1801, z the adoption of the name the Wielka Brytania of Great Britain and Irlandia; the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of Irlandia; six northern Irish counties remained part of the Wielka Brytania as Northern Irlandia and the current name of the country, the Wielka Brytania of Great Britain and Northern Irlandia, was adopted w 1927 | England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century; the union between England and Wales, begun w 1284 z the Statute of Rhuddlan, was not formalized until 1536 z an Act of Union; w another Act of Union w 1707, England and Scotland agreed to permanently join as Great Britain; the legislative union of Great Britain and Irlandia was implemented w 1801, z the adoption of the name the Wielka Brytania of Great Britain and Irlandia; the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of Irlandia; six northern Irish counties remained part of the Wielka Brytania as Northern Irlandia and the current name of the country, the Wielka Brytania of Great Britain and Northern Irlandia, was adopted w 1927 |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | 0.7% (2007 est.) | -3.4% (2002 est.) |
| Przemysl | machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods | machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, and other consumer goods |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 5.01 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.58 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
total: 5.28 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.89 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
| Inflacja | 2.4% (2007 est.) | 2.1% (2002 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | ADB (nonregional members), AfDB, Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, C, CBSS (observer), CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SECI (observer), UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC | AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECA (associate), ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, ESCAP, EU, FAO, G- 5, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SPC, UN, UN Security Council, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOVIC, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNU, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC |
| Dostawcy internetu | - | more than 400 (2000) |
| Nawadniane tereny | 1,700 sq km (2003) | 1,080 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Sadownictwo | House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several Lords of Appeal w Ordinary are appointed by the monarch dla life); Supreme Courts of England, Wales, and Northern Irlandia (comprising the Courts of Appeal, the High Courts of Justice, and the Crown Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and Court of the Justiciary | House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several Lords of Appeal w Ordinary are appointed by the monarch dla life); Supreme Courts of England, Wales, and Northern Irlandia (comprising the Courts of Appeal, the High Courts of Justice, and the Crown Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and Court of the Justiciary |
| Sila robocza | 30.71 million (2007 est.) | 29.7 million (2001) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture: 1.4%
industry: 18.2% services: 80.4% (2006 est.) |
agriculture 1%, industry 25%, services 74% (1999) |
| Granica | total: 360 km
border countries: Irlandia 360 km |
total: 360 km
border countries: Irlandia 360 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 23.23%
permanent crops: 0.2% other: 76.57% (2005) |
arable land: 26.41%
permanent crops: 0.18% other: 73.41% (1998 est.) |
| Jezyki | English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 w Scotland) | English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 w Scotland) |
| System prawny | based on common law tradition z early Roman and modern continental influences; has nonbinding judicial review of Acts of Parliament under the Human Rights Act of 1998; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, z reservations | common law tradition z early Roman and modern continental influences; has judicial review of Acts of Parliament under the Human Rights Act of 1998; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, z reservations |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | bicameral Parliament consists of House of Lords (618 seats; consisting of approximately 500 life peers, 92 hereditary peers, and 26 clergy) and House of Commons (646 seats since 2005 elections; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)
elections: House of Lords - no elections (note - w 1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held w the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain there; elections are held only as vacancies w the hereditary peerage arise); House of Commons - last held 5 maj 2005 (next to be held by maj 2010) election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Labor 35.2%, Conservative 32.3%, Liberal Democrats 22%, other 10.5%; seats by party - Labor 355, Conservative 198, Liberal Democrat 62, other 31; seats by party w the House of Commons as of 23 listopad 2007 - Labor 353, Conservative 194, Liberal Democrat 63, Scottish National Party/Plaid Cymru 9, Democratic Unionist 9, Sinn Fein 5, other 14 note: w 1998 elections were held dla a Northern Irlandia Assembly (because of unresolved disputes among existing parties, the transfer of power from London to Northern Irlandia came only at the end of 1999 and has been suspended four times, the latest occurring w pazdziernik 2002 and lasting until 8 maj 2007); w 1999, the UK held the first elections dla a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly, the most recent of which were held w maj 2007 |
bicameral Parliament comprised of House of Lords (consists of approximately 500 life peers, 92 hereditary peers and 26 clergy) and House of Commons (659 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)
elections: House of Lords - no elections (note - w 1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held w the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain there; pending further reforms, elections are held only as vacancies w the hereditary peerage arise); House of Commons - last held 7 czerwiec 2001 (next to be held by NA maj 2006) election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Labor 42.1%, Conservative and Unionist 32.7%, Liberal Democrats 18.8%, other 6.4%; seats by party - Labor 412, Conservative and Unionist 166, Liberal Democrat 52, other 29; note - seating as of 15 luty 2002: Labor 410, Conservative 164, Liberal Democrats 53, other 32 note: w 1998 elections were held dla a Northern Irlandia Parliament (because of unresolved disputes among existing parties, the transfer of power from London to Northern Irlandia came only at the end of 1999 and has been rescinded three times the latest occurring w pazdziernik 2002; since pazdziernik 2002 the Northern Irlandia Parliament has been suspended); w 1999 there were elections dla a new Scottish Parliament and a new Welsh Assembly |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 78.7 years
male: 76.23 years female: 81.3 years (2007 est.) |
total population: 78.16 years
male: 75.74 years female: 80.7 years (2003 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling
total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.) |
definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling
total population: 99% (2000 est.) male: NA% female: NA% |
| Lokalizacja | Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of Irlandia between the North Ocean Atlantycki and the North Sea, northwest of Francja | Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of Irlandia between the North Ocean Atlantycki and the North Sea, northwest of Francja |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | Europe | Europe |
| Morskie obszary | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm continental shelf: as defined w continental shelf orders or w accordance z agreed upon boundaries |
continental shelf: as defined w continental shelf orders or w accordance z agreed upon boundaries
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Flota handlowa | total: 474 ships (1000 GRT or over) 11,723,618 GRT/12,315,588 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 26, cargo 60, carrier 4, chemical tanker 56, container 156, liquefied gas 18, passenger 10, passenger/cargo 62, petroleum tanker 27, refrigerated cargo 17, roll on/roll off 24, vehicle carrier 14 foreign-owned: 242 (Australia 1, Cypr 1, Dania 61, Finlandia 1, Francja 9, Niemcy 71, Grecja 6, Hong Kong 2, Irlandia 1, Wlochy 4, Japonia 1, Holandia 2, NZ 1, Norwegia 33, Republika Poludniowej Afryki 4, Szwecja 19, Szwajcaria 1, Tajwan 11, Turcja 2, US 11) registered w other countries: 412 (Algieria 12, Antigua i Barbuda 4, Argentyna 4, Australia 2, Bahamas 68, Barbados 3, Bermudy 20, Brunei 8, Republika Zielonego Przyladka 1, Kajmany 9, Cypr 21, Wyspy Owcze 1, Gibraltar 3, Grecja 15, Hong Kong 32, Indie 1, Indonezja 3, Wlochy 7, South Korea 1, Liberia 74, Luksemburg 7, Malta 12, Wyspy Marshalla 17, Holandia 7, Norwegia 9, Panama 35, Papua-Nowa Gwinea 6, Singapur 13, Slowacja 1, St Vincent and The Grenadines 9, Szwecja 2, Tajlandia 3, Tonga 1, US 1, unknown 1) (2007) |
total: 295 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,752,179 GRT/6,963,112 DWT
ships by type: bulk 14, cargo 43, chemical tanker 19, combination ore/oil 1, container 95, liquefied gas 4, livestock carrier 1, passenger 18, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 50, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 37, short-sea passenger 8, specialized tanker 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Bermudy 1, Cypr 1, Dania 21, Niemcy 6, Grecja 3, Hong Kong 4, Wlochy 1, Monako 4, Holandia 1, Norwegia 9, Rosja 1, Republika Poludniowej Afryki 2, Szwecja 11, Tajwan 2, US 5 (2002 est.) |
| Wojsko | Army, Royal Navy (includes Royal Marines), Royal Air Force | Army, Royal Navy (including Royal Marines), Royal Air Force |
| Wojska - wydatki (w dolarach) | - | $31.7 billion (2002) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 2.4% (2005 est.) | 2.32% (2002) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (w wieku poborowym) | - | males age 15-49: 14,877,666 (2003 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (zdolni do sluzby wojskowej) | - | males age 15-49: 12,353,942 (2003 est.) |
| Swieto narodowe | the UK does not celebrate one particular national holiday | Official Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, celebrated on the second Saturday w czerwiec (1926) |
| Narodowosc | noun: Briton(s), British (collective plural)
adjective: British |
noun: Briton(s), British (collective plural)
adjective: British |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | winter windstorms; floods | winter windstorms; floods |
| Surowce naturalne | coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, tin, limestone, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, potash, silica sand, slate, arable land | coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, silica, arable land |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | 2.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) | 2.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Rurociagi | condensate 567 km; condensate/gas 22 km; gas 18,980 km; liquid petroleum gas 59 km; oil 4,930 km; oil/gas/water 165 km; refined products 4,444 km (2007) | condensate 370 km; gas 21,263 km; liquid petroleum gas 59 km; oil 6,420 km; oil/gas/water 63 km; refined products 4,474 km; water 650 km (2003) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | Conservative [David CAMERON]; Democratic Unionist Party (Northern Irlandia) [Rev. Ian PAISLEY]; Labor Party [Gordon BROWN]; Liberal Democrats [Nick CLEGG]; Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Ieuan Wyn JONES]; Scottish National Party or SNP [Alex SALMOND]; Sinn Fein (Northern Irlandia) [Gerry ADAMS]; Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Irlandia) [Mark DURKAN]; Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Irlandia) [Sir Reg EMPEY] | Conservative and Unionist Party [Michael HOWARD]; Democratic Unionist Party (Northern Irlandia) [Rev. Ian PAISLEY]; Labor Party [Anthony (Tony) BLAIR]; Liberal Democrats [Charles KENNEDY]; Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Ieuan Wyn Jones]; Scottish National Party or SNP [John SWINNEY]; Sinn Fein (Northern Irlandia) [Gerry ADAMS]; Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Irlandia) [Mark DURKAN]; Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Irlandia) [David TRIMBLE] |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | Campaign dla Nuclear Disarmament; Confederation of British Industry; National Farmers' Union; Trades Union Congress | Campaign dla Nuclear Disarmament; Confederation of British Industry; National Farmers' Union; Trades Union Congress |
| Ludnosc | 60,776,238 (lipiec 2007 est.) | 60,094,648 (lipiec 2003 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | 14% (2006 est.) | 17% |
| Przyrost naturalny | 0.275% (2007 est.) | 0.3% (2003 est.) |
| Porty i stocznie | - | Aberdeen, Belfast, Bristol, Cardiff, Dover, Falmouth, Felixstowe, Glasgow, Grangemouth, Hull, Leith, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Peterhead, Plymouth, Portsmouth, Scapa Flow, Southampton, Sullom Voe, Teesport, Tyne |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 219, FM 431, shortwave 3 (1998) | AM 219, FM 431, shortwave 3 (1998) |
| Linie kolejowe | total: 16,567 km
broad gauge: 303 km 1.600-m gauge (in Northern Irlandia) standard gauge: 16,264 km 1.435-m gauge (5,361 km electrified) (2006) |
total: 16,893 km
standard gauge: 16,536 km 1.435-m gauge (4,928 km electrified) broad gauge: 357 km 1.600-m gauge (in Northern Irlandia) (2002) |
| Religie | Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%, Hindu 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified or none 23.1% (2001 census) | Anglican and Roman Catholic 40 million, Muslim 1.5 million, Presbyterian 800,000, Methodist 760,000, Sikh 500,000, Hindu 500,000, Jewish 350,000 |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.025 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: technologically advanced domestic and international system
domestic: equal mix of buried cables, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optic systems international: country code - 44; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, and US; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Ocean Atlantycki and 3 Ocean Indyjski), 1 Inmarsat (Ocean Atlantycki region), and 1 Eutelsat; at least 8 large international switching centers |
general assessment: technologically advanced domestic and international system
domestic: equal mix of buried cables, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optic systems international: 40 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Ocean Atlantycki and 3 Ocean Indyjski), 1 Inmarsat (Ocean Atlantycki region), and 1 Eutelsat; at least 8 large international switching centers |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 33.602 million (2006) | 34.878 million (1997) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 69.657 million (2006) | 43.5 million (yearend 1998) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 228 (plus 3,523 repeaters) (1995) | 228 (plus 3,523 repeaters) (1995) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains w east and southeast | mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains w east and southeast |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 1.66 children born/woman (2007 est.) | 1.66 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 5.4% (2007 est.) | 5.2% (2002 est.) |
| Drogi wodne | 3,200 km (620 km used dla commerce) (2003) | 3,200 km |
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